• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.720-730
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• 2016

Greenhouse-gas emission factors are widely used to estimate emissions arising from a defined unit of a specific activity. Such estimates are used both for international reporting to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and for myriad national and sub-national reporting purposes (for example, European Union Emissions Trading Scheme; EU ETS). As with the other so-called 'Kyoto protocol GHGs', the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) provides a methodology for national and sub-national estimation of $N_2O$ emissions, based on the sector from which the emissions arise. The objective of this study was to develop a integrated emission factor to estimate the direct $N_2O$ emission from an agricultural field cultivated with the red pepper, soy bean, spring cabbage, autumn cabbage and potato in 2010~2012. Emission factor of $N_2O$ calculated using accumulated $N_2O$ emission, N fertilization rate, and background $N_2O$ emission over three year experiment was $0.00596{\pm}0.001337kg$ $N_2O-N(N\;kg)^{-1}$. More extensive studies need to be conducted to develop $N_2O$ emission factors for other upland crops in the various regions of Korea because $N_2O$ emission is influenced by many factors including climate characteristics, soil properties, and agricultural practices.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.260-267
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• 2015

BACKGROUND: The current study was conducted to examine the species specific accumulation of Cd and Pb in 11 crop species (Soybean, Sesame, Corn, Polished rice, Carrot, Potato, Garlic, Spring onion, Chinese leek, Red pepper, Eggplant), through cultivating them under the same condition with metal contaminated soils.METHODS AND RESULTS: Eleven crop species were cultivated in three different soils contaminated with Cd and Pb and harvested. Edible parts of each crop was pretreated and analyzed to determine Cd and Pb concentrations, and subsequently bioconcentration factors (BCFs) were calculated. In general, the crops of which seeds are used as food showed high concentrations of both Cd and Pb. For instance, Cd concentrations in crops cultivated in Soil A was in the order of soybean (0.432 mg kg^-1) > sesame (0.385) > polished rice (0.176) > carrot (0.116) > corn (0.060) > red pepper > (0.047) > potato (0.044) > egg plant (0.025) > garlic (0.023) > spring onion (0.016) > Chinese leek (0.011). BCFs showed the same order.CONCLUSION: From this study, it can be conclude that seeds plants should not be cultivated in Cd and Pb contaminated soils to secure food safety from metal contaminated soils.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.25 no.3 s.68
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• pp.175-182
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• 1986

A study was conducted to survey the fauna and the field density ofp lant parastic nematodes on important cash crops in Korea. Studies were carried out with sampling about five hundred grams of soil around roots of eighteen different kinds of crops from fifty five locations throughout the country. Nematodes were elutriated from over three thousand soil samples, and identified into sixteen different genera. Among them Ditylenchus species were found to be the most abundant in fields of garlic and onion, Helicoty-lenchus of sesame, chinese cabbage and mulberry, Meloidogyne of red-pepper, tomato, cucumber and peanut, Pratylenchus of mulberry and peach, Pratylenchus of apple, Chinese cabbage and radish, Trichodorus of potato, and Xiphinema of peach and potato. Field density of Meloidogyne species was increased with the longer continuous cultivation of red-pepper in the same field.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.269-274
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• 2018

In the middle of May 2018, typical red thread disease symptoms were observed on Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) on a golf course, which locates at Yangsan, Gyeongnam province in Korea. Irregular-shaped patched symptoms were observed in fairway of golf course. The foliar symptom was dried out and faded to straw color and tip of the grass leaves were tangled like thread. Early morning, infected and tangled leaves were covered with the pinkish gelatinous antler-like structure (sclerotinia) as a typical red thread disease symptom. Causal fungal pathogens were isolated from the symptom in Kentucky bluegrass. The fungal culture characteristic on potato dextrose agar color of colony was pale pink and conjugated hyphae, sclerotium of irregular shape was pale pink and 3~5mm diameter in size. The pathogen was identified as Laetisaria fuciformis based on morphological and culture characteristics as well as molecular characteristics. Pathogenicity test was verified on the Kentucky bluegrass by Koch's postulates. This is the first report of red thread disease occurrence in Kentucky bluegrass by L. fuciformis in Korea.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.157-165
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• 1980

Kojis were prepared from the different starch raw materials such as glutinous rice, barley rice, wheat flour and sweet potato, and were tested in an effort to reduce production cost and to improve quality of Kochuzang(red pepper paste). During the starting period of Koji preparation, there were less significant changes in pH; however, pH decreased somehow in the case of sweet potato, whereas it increased for the other Kojis. In general, the highest acidity was obtained after 72 hours of Koji preparation. Total nitrogen, soluble nitrogen and amino-nitrogen content increased in order of wheat flour, barley rice, and glutinous rice; Kojis they were markedly produced between 72 and 96 hours of Koji preparation. The maximum amount of reducing sugar was observed between 48 and 72 hours of Koji preparation during this period the reducing sugar content varied widely depending on starch source. Sweet potato Koji produced the highest level of ethyl alcohol content after 72 hours of Koji preparation; for the other Koji the same trends were observed after 24 hours. The starch liquefying activities have reached the highest level after 96 hours and for glutinous rice and barley rice; however, they kept on increasing until 120 hours for wheat flour and sweet potato. Koji Starch liquefying and saccharogenic amylase activities tended to increase in order of sweet potato, glutinous rice, barley rice and wheat flour. Kojis Various protease activities were measu-red during the Koji preparation, and they increased in order of alkali, neutral and acidic protease.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 1980

To study the effects of sulfur dioxide on the plant; Barly, wheat, soybean sweet potato, cucumber, egg plant, red pepper, tomato, lettuce, water melon, castor bean, grape and lily were exposed to the different levels of sulfur dioxide gas(0.1, 0.25, 0.50, $1.0mg/{\ell}/hr$) The symptoms of damage, ratios of destroyed leaf, sulfur content and absorption amounts of the gas by leaves were investigated 1. According to the increasing concentration of the gas ratios of destroyed leaf were increased in all plants. The ratios of destroyed leaf were shown by egg plant at $0.1mg/{\ell}/hr$ of $SO_2$ were 30 percent, and no visible injuries were shown by the wheat potato, castor bean, water melon, lily at $0.25mg/{\ell}/hr$. 2. Gray and red brown spots between the vein nerve shown by barly and wheat leaf; leaf burn by soybean, potato, sweat potato, castor bean, egg plant, red pepper, tomato and grape; leaf withering from the leaf tips by the lettuce, water melon, lily. 3. The volums of the gas absorption by cucumber, egg plant, red peper, castor he an were more than $10{\ell}/hr$, however less than $2{\ell}/hr$, be lettuce, water melon, grape, barly and wheat. 4. According to the increasing concentration of sulfur dioxide gas, sulfur contents in leaf were increased in all plants, however volums of absorption gas were decreaed. 5. According to the increase of sulfur content in leaf, ratios of destroyed leaf were increased. 6. Positive correlation was shown between total and water soluble sulfur content in leaf.

• Mycobiology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 2003

Solanaceous crops grown in greenhouses and fields in Korea were surveyed from 1994 to 2000. Sclerotinia rot most severely occurred up to 60% in potato. Incidence of the disease was as high as 20% at its maximum in tomato and 5% in eggplant, but as low as less than 1% in red pepper. Symptoms of Sclerotinia rot commonly developed on stems of the solanaceous crops but rarely on fruits of eggplant and tomato. A total of 169 isolates of Sclerotinia species was obtained from the diseased solanaceous crops. Out of the isolates, 165 isolates were identified as S. sclerotiorum, and the others as S. minor based on their morphological and cultural characteristics. S. sclerotiorum was isolated from all the solanaceous crops, while S. minor was only isolated from tomato. Eight isolates of S. sclerotiorum and two isolates of S. minor were tested for their pathogenicity to the solanaceous crops by artificial inoculation. All the isolates of the two Sclerotinia spp. induced rot symptoms on stems of the solanaceous crops tested, which were similar to those observed in the fields. The pathogenicity tests revealed that there was no significant difference in the susceptibility of the solanaceous crops to the isolates of S. sclerotiorum. However, in case of S. minor, the potato cultivar Sumi was relatively less susceptible to the pathogen.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.191-196
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• 1997

The antioxidative activity of seven different acylated anthocyanin pigments isolated from grape, sweet potato, eggplant and red cabbage was evaluated bvy using linoleic acid autoxidation and rat liver microsomal systems. The acylated anthocyanins were isolated and purified by Amberlite SAD-7, ODS and Sephadex LH-20 column omatography, and preparative HPLC. Most of acylated anthocyanisns exhibited antioxidative activity as strong as $\alpha$-tocoperol, and especially peonidin3-O--(6-O-trans-caffeyl)-2-O-(6-O-trans-feuloylglucopyranosyl)-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-5-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside from purple sweet potato showed the strongest activity, comparable to BHA (not significant, p<0.05) in the linoleic acid system. Meanwhile, two acylated anthocyanins from the pericarps of grape and eggplant inhibited considerably the MDA formation from rat liver microsomal lipid peroxidation induced by FeSO$_4$/$H_2O$$_2$. In particular, malvidin 3-O-(6-O-p-coumaroyl)-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosde from grape pericarps showed the strongest antioxidant activity, comparable to $\alpha$-tocopherol (not significant, p<0.05). These results suggest that the acylated anthocyanins from fruits and vegetables can be used as potential dietary ntioxidants and natural colorants.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.264-274
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• 2003

Many potato genetic resources have been collected and improved for their diverse traits over the years using breeding program in KPGR. To select potential varieties for table and processing in Korea, 58 elite potato breeding lines and several 'Valley' varieties were cultivated and harvested at Korea Alpine area in 2001. The cultivated lines and varieties were evaluated using their cultural adaptability in the environment and tuber characteristics, such as the depth of tuber eye, tuber shape, skin color, flesh color, scab resistance, yield, and the resistance of hollow heart and internal brown spot disease. Additionally, in the selection of potential processing varieties, reducing sugar content (sum of glucose and fructose concentration) of tubers is critically considered, because it mainly influence on the chip color of processing potato tuber. For table stock varieties with white skin color, 'Early Valley', 'Summer Valley', 'Winter Valley', and 'Taebok Valley' were selected. In the aspect of diverse potato tuber color, several varieties were selected such as 'Golden Valley' for its yellow fresh and skin color, 'Gogu Valley', 'Juice Valley', and 'Rose Valley' for their red skin color, and 'Purple Valley' for its purple skin. Compared with world wide known processing cultivar 'Atlantic', 24 lines (or varieties) were selected for the potential potato processing industry due to their low reducing sugar contents (below 0.3％), high yield (above 4.0 ton/ha), and unique chip colors. Selected white chipping varieties were 'Taedong Valley', 'Kangshim Valley', and 'Kangwon Valley', which have 0.23％, 0.27％, and 0.29％ of reducing sugar contents, respectively. 'Bora Valley', having deep purple color in both skin and fresh, was selected for purple chip variety and has 0.26％ of reducing sugar content. Light yellow chip varieties (lines) were 'Rose Valley' and Valley 54, having 0.19％ and 0.269％ of reducing sugar content, respectively. For French frying potatoes, 'Stick Valley' of 0.22％ and Valley 72 of 0.151％ in reducing sugars were selected. All of these selected lines and 'Valley' varieties can be used as parents to improve potato genetic resources and to develop better varieties with unique traits and colors.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2001

Climate in the year of 2000 was characterized as a long severe drought in tile spring, unusually high and low temperature in summer, two times of typoons, and floods by heavy rains in fall. Rice leaf and panicle blast and bacterial grain rot occurred severely comparing with 1999 and Bipolaris leaf spot spread over tile country. Phytophthora blight and anthracnose in red-pepper became epidemic especially in the late season causing severe yield losses. Tomato fusaruim wilt, CGMMV, powdery mildew, and sudden wilt syndrom of cucurbits and strawberry powdery mildew were also severe in 2000. In garlic, sclerotium rot occurred severely mainly due to the frequent rainfalls in planting time and much snowfalls in 1999's winter. Spring potato had severe infection of viruses due to a long spring drought, and fall potato had high incidence of bacterial soft rot and bacterial wilt due to fall floods by heavy rains. In sweet potato fusarium wilt was the most severe as in other year. Disease incidence of apple and pear trees was rotatively mild compared with previous years. In wheat and barley, Gibberella petch rarely occurred because of spring drought.