• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.8-12
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• 1999

알코올에 중독된 실험동물에 홍삼 산성다당류(AcPS)를 4주간 투여하며 성장지표를 비교해 본 결과, 알코을 중독시에 나타나는 영양 및 대사의 파괴를 막아주거나 경감시켜 지방간 및 간장비대 상태를 크게 호전시켰다. 혈중 지질대사 요소인 혈중 총콜레스테롤, HDL-cholesterol 및 중성지질의 농도는 정상치에 가깝게 낮추어 고지혈증상을 유의적으로 개선시킴을 확인할 수 있었으며, 혈중농도와 마찬가지로 간장조직중 농도에 미치는 영향도 신뢰성있는 개선 효과를 인정할 수 있었으며, 이러한 효과는 AcPS의 투여기간($1\~4$주)에 비례하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.99-103
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• 2009

The in-vitro immunomodulatory function of murine natural-killer (NK) cells induced by red-ginseng acidic polysaccharide (RGAP) in ovariectomized (OVX) rats was examined in this study. The IL-2-induced NK cell activity was significantly decreased in the OVX rats compared to the sham groups, but the normally induced NK cell activity was not. RGAP, however, increased the NK cell activity in both groups, and this effect involved iNOS expression. The inhibition of iNOS activity did not increase the NK cell cytotoxicity by RGAP in the OVX rats. The data that were obtained also demonstrated that the expression of iNOS was increased in the spleen of the OVX rats. These results indicate that RGAP increases the tumoricidal activity of the NK cell in the OVX rats, which is a primed or activated state of innate immune cells resulting from the changes in cytokine production induced by estrogen-deficient stress. Therefore, RGAP has a synergistic effect on the NK cell activities, which are regulated by the iNOS signals in OVX rats. This suggests that RGAP is useful for potential therapeutic strategies as a nutrient in regulating the NK cells in OVX rats.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.217-221
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• 2007

Ginseng has been widely used for the management of anxiety and emotional instability, but there is little experimental evidence supporting these clinical applications. The anxiolytic-like effect of ginseng saponin and polysaccharide fractions of white (WG) and red ginsengs (RG) was investigated using the elevated plus-maze test. The saponin (SF) and polysaccharide (PF) fractions were orally administered to male ICR mice for 3 days and behavioral test for the anxiolytic activity were performed. SF significantly increased the time-spent open arms and number into the in the open arm entries. However, PF weakly increased the time-spent in the open arms, but did not increase number into the open ann entries. The WG showed more potent anxiolytic-like effect than that of RG. The anxiolytic-like activities were antagonized by flumazenil, but not by esmolol. These findings suggest the saponin fractions of WG and RG promote the anxiolytic-like activity by antagonizing GABN/benzodiazepine receptors in mice.

• 약학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.272-277
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• 2006

This study was undertaken to determine whether the 9 herbal complex induces apoptosis in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells and adriamycin-resistant MCF7/adR cells. Ethanol extracts of Bojungbangamtang (BBTE) and acidic polysaccharide of Red Ginseng (GIN) induced cell death in both MCF-7 and MCF7/adR cells. Ethanol extracts of Bojungbangamtang and acidic polysaccharide of Red Ginseng also induced $G_2/M$ cell cycle arrest and increased TUNEL positive cells in MCF7/adR cells. In addition, flow cytometric analysis revealed the decreased expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in ethanol extracts of Bojungbangamtang and acidic polysaccharide of Red Ginseng treated MCF7/adR cells. Similarly, decreased protein levels of P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance associated proteins-1 were also determined by immunocytometry in ethanol extracts of Bojungbangamtang treated MCF7/adR cells. Taken together these data indicate that ethanol extracts of Bojungbangamtang and acidic polysaccharide of Red Ginseng inhibit the function of ABC transporters such as multi drug resistance associated proteins (MRPs) and P-glycoprotein as well as induce apoptosis in MCF7/adR cells. Thus, these data suggest that ethanol extracts of Bojungbangamtang and polysaccharide of Red Ginseng can be candidates for the treatment of multidrug-resistant MCF7/adR cells.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 2004년도 추계 학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.59-60
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• 2004

• 생명과학회지
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• 제33권7호
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• pp.549-554
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• 2023

한국 인삼은 수세기 동안 전반적인 건강 보조 식품으로 전통 한의학에 사용되어 왔다. 홍삼은 뿌리를 쪄서 건조시켜 만든다. 연질 홍삼은 새로운 가공 기술로 생산된 홍삼이다. 이 연질홍삼은 물리화학적 조성에서 생삼, 경질홍삼과 차이가 있는지 조사하였다. 인삼의 총 페놀 함량은 140℃에서 2.96 mg/g, 80℃에서 3.47 mg/g으로 평가되었다. 경질 홍삼과 연질 홍삼의 총 페놀은 160℃에서 각각 4.12 mg/g, 4.18 mg/g으로 평가되었다. 인삼, 경질 홍삼, 연질 홍삼의 총 페놀 함량은 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p>0.05). 인삼, 경질 홍삼, 연질 홍삼의 총 플라보노이드 함량은 160℃에서 각각 2.62 mg/g, 3.97 mg/g, 3.83 mg/g으로 평가되었다. 샘플 중 연질 홍삼이 160℃로 총 산성 다당류가 가장 높았다. 두 홍삼 모두 산성 다당류 함량이 인삼보다 훨씬 높았다(49%-58%). 생삼, 경질 홍삼, 연질 홍삼에 있어 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.001). 연질 홍삼은 인삼보다 페놀 함량, 총 플라보노이드 함량, 총 당도 함량이 각각 25%, 49%, 45% 높았다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.321-326
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• 2010

Enzymatic treatment conditions for red ginseng residue (RGR) were investigated to apply RGR as a microbial medium. Polysaccharide hydrolyase and protease were screened to obtain high solid and carbohydrate yields, and a good degree of carbohydrate hydrolysis. The optimal dosage and reaction time for Viscozyme, the chosen polysaccharide hydrolyase, were found to be 1.0% (w/w) and 3 h, respectively. Of the tested proteases, Flavourzyme, whose optimal dosage was 0.5% (w/w), was selected. Co-treatment with the optimal dosages of Flavourzyme and Viscozyme increased solid yield, carbohydrate yield, and degree of carbohydrate hydrolysis by 76%, 65%, and 1,865%, respectively, over levels in non-treated RGR. The culture characteristics of Leuconostoc mesenteroides strain KACC 91459P grown in enzymatically hydrolyzed red ginseng residue (ERGR) and RGR suspensions were compared. After cultivation for 6 h, the viable cell counts of both cell suspensions rapidly increased to $1.3{\times}10^9$ colony-forming units (CFU)/g. Moreover, while the viable cell population drastically decreased to $2.4{\times}10^6\;CFU/g$ for cells grown in RGR medium, it was maintained in cells fermented in ERGR medium for 24 h.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.284-288
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• 2004

We have recently reported that red ginseng acidic polysaccharide (RGAP), isolated from Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer), showed immunomodulatory antitumor activities, mainly mediated by nitric oxide (NO) production by macrophage. In this study, we examined the effect of RGAP on anticancer activity using lung carcinoma 3LL, sarcoma 180 and adenocarcinoma JC tumor cells transplanted into mice as well as antimetastatic activity using B16-F10 melanoma. When RGAP (300 mg/kg) were treated to mice implanted with one of the three kinds of tumor cells, the tumor weight significantly decreased compared with control mice. Tumor inhibition ratios of RGAP (300 mg/kg) in mice transplanted with lung carcinoma 3LL, sarcoma 180 and adenocarcinoma JC cells were 26.8%, 29.3% and 31.6%, respectively. Hundred mg/kg of RGAP did not cause a significant decrease in tumor weight compared with control group. When RGAP was administered i.p. with the dose of 100 and 300 mg/kg in B16-F10 melanoma-bearing mice, lung metastasis were reduced significantly in mice. Corrected phagocytic index was also remarkably increased by RGAP. These results suggest that stimulation of phagocytic activity of macrophages may be a mechanism for in vivo anticancer and antimetastasis activities of RGAP.

• 생약학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.329-338
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• 2017

This study was investigated the changes of quality stability and physicochemical characteristics of the Korean red ginsengs stored for a long times over 20 years. The Korean red ginsengs were stored for 4 to 22 years in canned packaging with polypropylene film and wooden box at room temperatures. The unusal phenomena such as discoloration and pin hole in packaging were not observed. General bacteria showed the vlaues of below 100 CFU/g, coliform groups and molds were not found in any samples stored for 22 year. Any samples also were not detected in mycotoxins. The contents of moisture, ash and crude saponin were the levels of 10.6~11.1%, 3.8~4.2% and 4.1~4.7% during the whole storage periods, respectively. The contents of maltol, which has been known as characteristic flavour and antioxidant of Korean red ginseng, showed remarkably increasing tendency from 0.10 mg/g for 4 years to 2.53 mg/g for 22 years during the storage. The contents of AFG (arginyl-fructosyl-glucose), arginine and free sugar were slightly decreased. Acidic polysaccharide and ginsenoside were not changed significantly during the storage periods. The contents of acidic polysaccharide and total ginsenosides were the 75.1~76.3 mg/g and 15.1~16.6 mg/g, respectively. The sums of ginsenoside-Rg1,-Rb1 and -Rg3s were the ranges of 9.3~9.9 mg/g and PD (ginsenoside-Rb1, -Rb2,-Rc,-Rd,-Rg3s,-Rg3r)/PT (ginsenoside-Rg1,-Rg2,-Re,-Rf,-Rh1) saponin ratios were the levels of 1.4~1.5. These results suggest that Korean red ginsengs stored for long periods show relatively stable quaility stabilities and not significantly changed the contents of ginsenoside and polysaccharide during the storage up to 22 years.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 1990

Toxohorome-L is a lipolytic factor found in ascites fluid of sarcoma 180-bearing mice and of patients with hepatoma. A substance that inhibited the lipolytic action of Toxohormone-L was isoialed from red ginseng powder. This substance had a pectin-like o 1, 4-pollrgalacturonan backbone with some acetoxyl groups, and so was an acidic polysaccharide. It inhibited Toxohormone-L-induced lipolysis in a dose dependent manner at concentrations higher than 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml.