• Title/Summary/Keyword: Recycling business

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Discharge Standards of Kitchen-Disposer Wastewater by Treatment Types (디스포저(부엌용 오물분쇄기)-배수 전처리 방식 별 수질기준)

  • Chang, Ho Nam;Jeong, Chang Moon;Kang, Jong Won;Choi, Jin-dal-rae;Park, Young Sook;Ku, Ja-Kong
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.55-69
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    • 2011
  • Use of disposer at the kitchens of Korean apartments is inevitable in treating their foodwaste having a water content of more than 80%. Also we have to ensure that this extra disposer-foodwaste BOD loadings be treated properly by installing/operating a pre-treatment system before this wastewater enters public sewer system. However, the degree of BOD removal should not be excessive since a BOD/N ratio higher than 5 is required for removing N/P at a municipal wastewater treatment plant. The removal of BOD/N in the pretreatment system rather than BOD alone can be an alternative solution in solving this problem. The particles separated by sedimentation, screen or packed-bed can be anaerobically digested at apartment sites to generate biogas that can be used for simple digester heating and to generate volatile fatty acids (VFAs) for nitrogen removal. We suggest that Korean government grants a temporary license (say for 5 years) to foodwaste treatment companies in collaboration with apartment construction companies which may do business and develop various kinds of disposer-foodwaste treatment systems in diverse wastewater discharge systems of Korean apartments.

Correlation between Lithium Concentration and Ecotoxicoloigy in Lithium Contained Waste Water (리튬 함유 폐액에서의 리튬 농도와 생태독성과의 연관성 연구)

  • Jin, Yun-Ho;Kim, Bo-Ram;Kim, Dae-Weon
    • Clean Technology
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.33-38
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    • 2021
  • Demand for lithium-based secondary batteries is greatly increasing with the explosive growth of related industries, such as mobile devices and electric vehicles. In Korea, there are several top-rated global lithium-ion battery manufacturers accounting for 40% of the global secondary battery business. Most discarded lithium secondary batteries are recycled as scrap to recover valuable metals, such as Nickel and Cobalt, but residual wastes are disposed of according to the residual lithium-ion concentration. Furthermore, there has not been an attempt on the possibility of water discharge system contamination due to the concentration of lithium ions, and the effluent water quality standards of public sewage treatment facilities are becoming stricter year after year. In this study, the as-received waste water generated from the cathode electrode coating process in the manufacturing of high-nickel-based NCM cathode material used for high-performance and long-term purposes was analyzed. We suggested a facile recycling process chart for waste water treatment. We revealed a correlation between lithium-ion concentration and pH effect according to the proposed waste water of each recycling process through analyzing standard water quality tests and daphnia ecological toxicity. We proposed a realistic waste water treatment plan for lithium electrode manufacturing plants via comparison with other industries' ecotoxicology.

A Study on Consumer Preference for Plastic Toilet Seats with Selective Automatic Supply of Recycled Water (재활용수의 선택적 자동공급이 가능한 플라스틱류 양변기 소비자 선호도에 관한 연구)

  • Choi, Tae-Wol;Baeg, Jong-Ho;Bae, Sang-Mok
    • Industry Promotion Research
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.13-20
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    • 2020
  • This study is about consumer preference of plastic toilets that can provide automatic supply of recycled water. First, the preference for plastic toilet seat design by gender and age group was preferred for gender type C and G for the sex. As the result of the chi-square test, the significance probability is .044 and the significance is P <.0 5. I could confirm that. Age, teens, 40 s, and 50 s or older prefer type C, 20 s and 30 s, but B type is not statistically significant. Second, the differences among the groups of preference for appearance design criteria according to general characteristics were all stable (stable appearance) in gender, age, region, education, and salary, but the chi-square test showed that they were not statistically significant. There was no difference between them. This study has implications for improving competitiveness and productivity by reducing the main production cost by commercializing toilets made of plastic materials.

A Case Study and Product Planning Characteristics of Global Eco-fashion Brands (글로벌 에코패션 브랜드의 현황과 상품기획 특성)

  • Ha, Seung-Yeon
    • Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.219-238
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    • 2014
  • This study attempted to investigate present condition and product planning of global eco-fashion brands that harmonize fashion and sustainability. As research subjects, this study selected 97 oversea fashion brands mentioned in books related to eco-fashion, Black(2011), Brown(2010), Fuad-luke(2009). As for research methods, materials and ethical practices of these selected 97 brands through literature data and their internet site homepages. This study analyzed oversea eco-brands collected 26 British brands, 22 American brands, 36 European brands such as Germany, France, Italy, Sweden, Spain, Finland and so on, except Britain and 13 other regions including Japan, India, Canada, Mexico, and New zealand. In conclusion, the product planning characteristics of these oversea eco-fashion brands can be summarized as follows; community and fair trade, ecological and slow design, recycle, reuse, redesign, and new eco-models. Firstly, brands of 'community and fair trade' manufactured products through fair trade and local community's artisan by ethical practices with organic fabrics. Secondly, brands of 'ecological and slow design' pursued timeless design and multi-functional design as luxury eco-fashion styles. They used organic textiles, hemp, bamboo, soya, tencell, sea cell, and self-sustaining plants. Thirdly, brands of 'recycle, reuse, redesign' aimed for upcycling high-end fashion and used vintage clothes, textile scraps, PET, parachutes, tires, safety belts, advertising banner and so on. In addition, brands of 'new models as eco-fashion' suggested zero-waste cutting, recycling over-printing technology, new sustainable business model, and ethical practices in the supply chain of the fashion industry.

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Development of Female's Ordinary Hanbok Design with Korean Patchwork Image (조각보 이미지를 이용한 여성생활한복 디자인 개발)

  • Choi, Sun-Mi;Yang, Suk-Hyang
    • Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.145-150
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    • 2007
  • Recently, active movements are occurring to reestablish our own traditional Korean images in all levels of society. One of them is about Ordinary Hanbok. Academics and business sectors are endeavoring to develop comfortable and Korean traditional Hanbok designs and popularize them as well. Based on the facts, the study focuses on developing Ordinary Hanbok designs for women by applying Korean traditional patchwork in order to present handmade, humane senses. First of all, the backgrounds, history and preference of Ordinary Hanbok are discussed through literatures and precedent studies as study methodology. Then, the study is analyzing the formative beauty of Korean traditional patchwork that contains emotions of women in the Chosun Dynasty. After that, it shows Ordinary Hanbok designs developed for women by using checks, free style, and yeoiju patterns of the fabrics dyed with clay and Chinese ink that recently attract people in particular. The results are like followings; First, the limits that excessive transformation of Hanbok may cause the lack of traditional beauty can be covered through using a variety of images of Korean traditional patchwork. Second, diverse face configuration of patchworks has very unique geometric forms so to be easily applied to modern Ordinary Hanbok designs. Third, the sewing technique of patchworks also plays a role as a design factor as important as face configuration. Fourth, utilizing fabric pieces may result in various unplanned face configuration and help resource recycling. Fifth, it is possible to coordinate Hanbok with other ordinary clothes that people normally wear on. Sixth, using patchworks images can encourage developing more active and refined designs added with traditional beauty. Seventh, natural dying and fabrics are eco-friendly, which is good for human health and environment. Finally, more studies should be done on design development based on precedent studies about Ordinary Hanbok. Also, it is important to foster social atmosphere and circumstances where people accept wearing Ordinary Hanbok as our natural culture.

Study on features that pregnant women find important and desirable when choosing maternity wear - Focused on British pregnant women in London -

  • Park, Hye-Sook;Lee, Jae-Jung
    • Archives of design research
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    • v.20 no.2 s.70
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    • pp.41-52
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    • 2007
  • Today, many pregnant women also advance up the business ladder and remain very active. They are consequently increasingly aware of the clothes they can wear. Despite these social changes, maternity wear has not been specially designed to satisfy the consumer's demands. From this, the purposes of this study are to investigate the current status of maternity wear and the apparent buying trends of pregnant women through a customers' opinion survey and interviews for the future maternity markets. In summary, the survey and interviews illustrate some important points which are that: Firstly, not all pregnant women buy maternity wear. Some pregnant women said they couldn't find enough difference in maternity wear prices even though they would like to buy some, commenting that maternity clothes were too expensive for such a short period of time. Also some already had maternity wear from a previous pregnancy, or had been passed on from friends and family. Secondly, on the other hand, many respondents were strongly concerned with style and quality rather than price because they agreed that there were not enough suitable maternity clothes for work and special occasions. Therefore some respondents would buy a maternity outfit for a special occasion. It also indicates that for a particular time, place or occasion like a party, wedding or other celebration, some respondents would buy a special outfit to make themselves feel good. Finally, according to the survey, the most important design concept is for wearable designs which change with the body during pregnancy; followed closely by designs which are able to be re-used when the pregnancy has finished. Nowadays, as recycling and saving resources are the biggest issues, if maternity manufacturers are encouraged to develop new products incorporating these new design concepts, more maternity markets will be developed to buy maternity wear.

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Development of Artificial Intelligence-based Legal Counseling Chatbot System

  • Park, Koo-Rack
    • Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.29-34
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    • 2021
  • With the advent of the 4th industrial revolution era, IT technology is creating new services that have not existed by converging with various existing industries and fields. In particular, in the field of artificial intelligence, chatbots and the latest technologies have developed dramatically with the development of natural language processing technology, and various business processes are processed through chatbots. This study is a study on a system that provides a close answer to the question the user wants to find by creating a structural form for legal inquiries through Slot Filling-based chatbot technology, and inputting a predetermined type of question. Using the proposal system, it is possible to construct question-and-answer data in a more structured form of legal information, which is unstructured data in text form. In addition, by managing the accumulated Q&A data through a big data storage system such as Apache Hive and recycling the data for learning, the reliability of the response can be expected to continuously improve.

Properties of Retard Type Stabilizing Agent for Reuse of Sludge Water of Ready Mixed Concrete (레미콘 회수수의 재활용을 위한 지연형 안정화제의 특성)

  • Lee Mun-Hwan;Lee Sea-Hyun;Park Young-Shin;Park Jae-Myung
    • Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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    • v.17 no.1 s.85
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    • pp.105-112
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    • 2005
  • Stabilizing and rousing sludge water generated from washing truck mixer and batcher plant can resolve inconsistency in quality and improve strength, therefore it is essential to review how to utilize it. This research conducted experiments and studied on solids of sludge water to find out the types of stabilizing agents available in conditions of producing ready mixed concretes in Korea. The result showed that oxy carboxylic acid retarder dedicated for stabilizing sludge water was most effective in decreasing solid. However, the setting time of cement paste was retarded due to surplus reactants, but it did not impede application of ready mixed concretes. When we left the sludge water mixed with stabilizing agent, it has been noted that initial retard effect recovered to the level using just service water in 7${\~}$8 days and that it is effective to use stabilized sludge water in 2${\~}$3 days. On the other hand, saccharic type super retarding agent was also outstanding in applicability by showing similar effect. The sludge water stabilizing agents currently marketed depend on imports, therefore it is necessary to locally manufacture usable stabilizing agents and to review its usability with multi-dimensional view.

Selection of Biofilter Support for Removing MEK (MEK 제거를 위한 바이오필터용 담체의 선택)

  • Jeong Gwi-Taek;Lee Gwang-Yeon;Lee Kyoung-Min;Sunwoo Chang-Shin;Lee Woo-Tae;Jung Seong-Ho;Cha Jin-Myoung;Jang Young-Seon;Park Don-Hee
    • KSBB Journal
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    • v.21 no.1 s.96
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    • pp.34-41
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    • 2006
  • The aim of this study is the development of biological removal process of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) in odor gas, which is generated from the waste food recycling process. To develop the removal process of odor gas, MEK, the selection of proper biofilter support was carried out. When the biofilter equipment was passed by synthetic odor gas composed of 250 ppm of MEK, the maximum removal was achieved to $586.6g-MEK/m^3\;hr$ for polypropylene fibril as support. Under the same experimental conditions, the maximum removal in polyurethane support was obtained to $359.7 g-MEK/m^3\;hr$. Finally, the maximum removal in volcanic stone support was $56.2g-MEK/m^3\;hr$.

Typology of Korean Eco-sumers: Based on Clothing Disposal Behaviors (관우한국생태학적일개예설(关于韩国生态学的一个预设): 기우복장탑배적행위(基于服装搭配的行为))

  • Sung, Hee-Won;Kincade, Doris H.
    • Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.59-69
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    • 2010
  • Green or an environmental consciousness has been a major issue for businesses and government offices, as well as consumers, worldwide. In response to this movement, the Korean government announced, in the early 2000s, the era of "Green Growth" as a way to encourage green-related business activities. The Korean fashion industry, in various levels of involvement, presents diverse eco-friendly products as a part of the green movement. These apparel products include organic products and recycled clothing. For these companies to be successful, they need information about who are the consumers who consider green issues (e.g., environmental sustainability) as part of their personal values when making a decision for product purchase, use, and disposal. These consumers can be considered as eco-sumers. Previous studies have examined consumers' purchase intention for or with eco-friendly products. In addition, studies have examined influential factors used to identify the eco-sumers or green consumers. However, limited attention was paid to eco-sumers' disposal or recycling behavior of clothes in comparison with their green product purchases. Clothing disposal behaviors are ways that consumer can get rid of unused clothing and in clue temporarily lending the item or permanently eliminating the item by "handing down" (e.g., giving it to a younger sibling), donating, exchanging, selling, or simply throwing it away. Accordingly, examining purchasing behaviors of eco-friendly fashion items in conjunction with clothing disposal behaviors should improve understanding of a consumer's clothing consumption behavior from the environmental perspective. The purpose of this exploratory study is to provide descriptive information about Korean eco-sumers who have ecologically-favorable lifestyles and behaviors when buying and disposing of clothes. The objectives of this study are to (a) categorize Koreans on the basis of clothing disposal behaviors; (b) investigate the differences in demographics, lifestyles, and clothing consumption values among segments; and (c) compare the purchase intention of eco-friendly fashion items and influential factors among segments. A self-administered questionnaire was developed based on previous studies. The questionnaire included 10 items of clothing disposal behavior, 22 items of LOHAS (Lifestyles of Health and Sustainability) characteristics, and 19 items of consumption values, measured by five-point Likert-type scales. In addition, the purchase intention of two eco-friendly fashion items and 11 attributes of each item were measured by seven-point Likert type scales. Two polyester fleece pullovers, made from fabric created from recycled bottles with the PET identification code, were selected from one Korean brand and one US imported brand among outdoor sportswear brands. A brief description of each product with a color picture was provided in the survey. Demographic variables (i.e., gender, age, marital status, education level, income, occupation) were also included. The data were collected through a professional web survey agency during May 2009. A total of 600 final usable questionnaires were analyzed. The age of respondents ranged from 20 to 49 years old with a mean age of 34 years. Fifty percent of the respondents were males and about 58% were married, and 62% reported having earned university degrees. Principal components factor analysis with varimax rotation was used to identify the underlying dimensions of the clothing disposal behavior scale, and three factors were generated (i.e., reselling behavior, donating behavior, non-recycling behavior). To categorize the respondents on the basis of clothing disposal behaviors, k-mean cluster analysis was used, and three segments were obtained. These consumer segments were labeled as 'Resale Group', 'Donation Group', and 'Non-Recycling Group.' The classification results indicated approximately 98 percent of the original cases were correctly classified. With respect to demographic characteristics among the three segments, significant differences were found in gender, marital status, occupation, and age. LOHAS characteristics were reduced into the following five factors: self-satisfaction, family orientation, health concern, environmental concern, and voluntary service. Significant differences were found in the LOHAS factors among the three clusters. Resale Group and Donation Group showed a similar predisposition to LOHAS issues while the Non-Recycling Group presented the lowest mean scores on the LOHAS factors compared to the other segments. The Resale and Donation Groups described themselves as enjoying or being satisfied with their lives and spending spare-time with family. In addition, these two groups cared about health and organic foods, and tried to conserve energy and resources. Principal components factor analysis generated clothing consumption values into the following three factors: personal values, social value, and practical value. The ANOVA test with the factors showed differences primarily between the Resale Group and the other two groups. The Resale Group was more concerned about personal value and social value than the other segments. In contrast, the Non-Recycling Group presented the higher level of social value than did Donation Group. In a comparison of the intention to purchase eco-friendly products, the Resale Group showed the highest mean score on intent to purchase Product A. On the other hand, the Donation Group presented the highest intention to purchase for Product B among segments. In addition, the mean scores indicated that the Korean product (Product B) was more preferable for purchase than the U.S. product (Product A). Stepwise regression analysis was used to identify the influence of product attributes on the purchase intention of eco product. With respect to Product A, design, price and contribution to environmental preservation were significant to predict purchase intention for the Resale Group, while price and compatibility with my image factors were significant for the Donation Group. For the Non-Recycling Group, design, price compatibility with the factors of my image, participation to eco campaign, and contribution to environmental preservation were significant. Price appropriateness was significant for each of the three clusters. With respect to Product B, design, price and compatibility with my image factors were important, but different attributes were associated significantly with purchase intention for each of the three groups. The influence of LOHAS characteristics and clothing consumption values on intention to purchase Products A and B were also examined. The LOHAS factor of health concern and the personal value factor were significant in the relationships with the purchase intention; however, the explanatory powers were low in the three segments. Findings showed that each group as classified by clothing disposal behaviors showed differences in the attributes of a product, personal values, and the LOHAS characteristics that influenced their purchase intention of eco-friendly products. Findings would enable organizations to understand eco-friendly behavior and to design appropriate strategic decisions to appeal eco-sumers.