• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.57-66
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the resource value of existing mud flats in JANGWHARI, KANGWHADO, as strategies for ecotourism. The research methods used in this study are Limits of Acceptable Change(LAC), and Recreation Opportunity Spectrum(ROS). The LAC process draws attention to the existing area conditions that are judged to be acceptable. Managers must define desired area conditions and undertake actions to maintain or achieve these conditions. The ROS is within each of the recreation opportunity classes identified as being used at the regional level. The Results of this study are as follows: 1) The Opportunity Class of the ROS is ecological, physical, social, managerial setting as primitive, semi-primitive. non-motorized, semi-primitive$.$motorized, and roaded natural. 2) The indicator of the LAC is ecological, physical, social, and managerial setting; the indicator of ecological is wildlife populations, water quality, road paving; the indicator of physical is facilities; the indicator of social is visitor needs for knowledge, adventure, eco-experience, and environmental education programs; and, the indicator of managerial is limits of law, and degree of management. 3) Currently, the Opportunity Class of the ROS of JANGWHARI, KANGWHADO is levels II-III, and the Opportunity Class of the suggested ROS is levels I-II. 4) This paper describes strategies for mud flat area management: detection of water quality, resolving problems of equipment, supply of both environmental education programs and guide equipment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.81 no.4
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• pp.372-382
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• 1992

Recreation planning is essential activity to meet changing demands and to protect the resources. The recreation opportunity specturm(ROS) system is a principal part of a recreational management planning. In this study, the basic concepts and tenets of the ROS system described and reviewed the feasibility of applying to forest recreation planning to the Korean national forest. In Korea, the forest land as a major recreation place has used without the rational planning process. The control for the laissez-faire use on the forest area, the classification of recreational opportunity settings is the most important process and then it make a useful tool for providing proper recreational opportunity and site development guidance. Opportunity settings classification can help maintain diversity and enhance protection of forest resources. It can also improve the quality of recreational experiences and the management action guidances. GIS technology using the ARC/INFO could be useful in current attempts to identify analysis areas for predictive modeling of forest recreation site planning.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.583-603
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• 2011

This study was designed to comprehensively understand and separate the characteristics of recreation forests of Korea through the multi-variate analysis for the provision of fundamental materials for recreation forests development policies and planning, and attempted to evaluate on the validity of classification of recreation forests, which has never been performed before. According to analysis results, recreation forests could be divided into 4 types; type I(recreation forests whose ecological nature status is not good, but the risk of calamity is low and accessibility is good), type II(recreation forests whose the risk of calamity is low, but ecological nature status is not good, slope is steep, and accessibility is poor), type III(recreation forests that have charming vegetation and landscape, various rest opportunity, and a gentle slope, but poor accessibility), and type IV(recreation forests that ecological nature status is good, but have poor landscape, less rest opportunity, and a steep slope). Also, each type was adjusted as follows; type I($25{\rightarrow}24$ reviews), type II($25{\rightarrow}26$ reviews), type III($17{\rightarrow}16$ reviews), and type IV($25{\rightarrow}25$ reviews). This study can be said to show the usability of validation of classified types, which was not done before. It is clear that the classification of recreation forests increases the efficiency in policy making and performance. Furthermore, by validating the separated types, we could expect high efficiency in policy making and performance on planned recreation forests in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.59-68
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• 1995

This paper intends to identify recreation destination choice process, in particular, considering need/motive theory, recreation opportunity spectrum, information integration theory, and to review critically the status of development of the various modeling approaches. Two attempts are then made to explain consumers' choice begavior of theme park and national park, respectively, applying conjoint model and discrete choice experiment model. Three theme parks and three national parks were selected as study areas, resolution Ⅲ designs were constructed, and data was collected by in-personal interviews on the study areas. The results illustrated the part-worth utilities and the relative importance of the attributes of theme park and national park. In addition, further research directions were discussed.

• Special Issue of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• 2006.09a
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• pp.7-14
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• 2006

In recent years, shipboard noise control is attracting increasing attention to human environmental conditions and crew's opportunity for rest and recreation with work on board. In order to minimize the noise levels, careful attention have to be paid by the experts from initial design stage to the delivery. This paper describes the outlines of shipboard noise control including general characteristics of shipboard noise, measurement, evaluation, prediction, and control measures considering the noise transmission mechanism from source to receiver space.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.3-11
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• 2010

This survey study aims to explore the school area standards for elementary, middle and high schools. Traditionally the school site has been recognized as a space of teaching and learning for students. Though its functions and needs have recently been changing from the areas for physical education and training to for various activities such as recreation, play, communication, informal and social areas etc. Moreover the school site is also a critical component of community life. Many communities have a significant shortfall in the amount of park and open space land available and accessible for use. In this viewpoint the standards of school facilities should develop a comprehensive approach to insure that students and residents are provided the opportunity to engage in appropriate types and amounts of everyday's activities during the school day and after school. In doing so, it surveys the school areas of the existing schools and the new schools built in Dongtan City. Finally, it points out the problems of government's regulation for school facilities and proposes the adequate directions for school area standards. This study would help to plan the optimum size of school area and ground and the reasonable expenditure for school facilities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.124-137
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• 2010

This study was started with the objective of restoring abandoned embanked farms, which are recently increasing, to mud flat by putting in least amount of energy in the aspect of environmental restoration. For the direction and establishment of the proposal for the restoration of mud flat using embanked farms, a case of Maipo Wetland in Hongkong was analyzed, and a proposal was prepared considering the condition of mud flat in Gochang. The restoration of mud flat in Gochang is intended to create various wetland ecological spaces as well as to provide opportunities for experience, education, recreation, and tourism. Effort was made to development an environment closest to the local ecological environment considering the shape and topographical condition of existing abandoned farms. For construction of the habitat, a target species was chosen and the plan for selection, planting, and management of species of trees suitable for the target species was established. In addition, the water level will be controlled by water gates to conform to the resting, spawning, breeding, and migration period considering the behavioral pattern of waders, the target species. The research on the restoration of mud flat in Korea is in incipient stage and this study provided an opportunity to review the possibility of restoration of abandoned embanked farms to mud flat. For the success of mud flat restoration from a long-term perspective, development of acclimating design infrastructure, technology improvement for mud flat restoration, and basis of partnership for the maintenance should be prepared in a systematical way.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2023.01a
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• pp.439-441
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• 2023

National park is one of the important types of protected area management systems established by IUCN and a management model for effective conservation and sustainable use of natural and cultural heritage in countries around the world, and it assumes important roles in conservation, scientific research, education, recreation and driving community development. This study takes Liaohe National Park in China, a typical representative of global coastal wetlands, as a case study, and uses python technology to collect travelogues and reviews of visitors from Mafengwo.com, Ctrip.com, Go.com, Meituan.com and Dianping.com as a source, and the text spans from 2015 to 2022. The results show that wildlife resources, natural landscape with river and sea, wetland ecology and fishing and hunting culture of northern China are fully reflected in the perceptions of visitors to Liaohe National Park. However, there is still much room for improvement in terms of supporting services and facilities, public education and tourists' experience and participation in Liaohe National Park. In this paper, we use python data visualization technology to study the public perception of wetland wildlife as the theme, and grasp the satisfaction, spatial distribution, activity content and emotional tendency of the public in the process of wetland wildlife as the theme, so as to better promote the Liaohe National Park to better carry out the public experience while strictly adhering to ecological protection, and to provide the Liaohe National Park with a better opportunity to This will provide scientific basis for the Liaohe National Park to play a better role in ecological civilization construction and education of ecological civilization awareness.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.367-377
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• 2018

A cultural ecosystem service(CES), which is non-material benefit that human gains from ecosystem, has been recently further recognized as gross national income increases. Previous researches proposed to quantify the value of CES, which still remains as a challenging issue today due to its social and cultural subjectivity. This study proposes new way of assessing CES which is called Cultural Service Opportunity Spectrum(CSOS). CSOS is accessibility based CES assessment methodology for regional scale and it is designed to be applicable for any regions in Korea for supporting decision making process. CSOS employed public spatial data which are road network and population density map. In addition, the results of 'Rapid Assessment of Natural Assets' implemented by National Institute of Ecology, Korea were used as a complementary data. CSOS was applied to Namyangju-si and the methodology resulted in revealing specific areas with great accessibility to 'Natural Assets' in the region. Based on the results, the advantages and limitations of the methodology were discussed with regard to weighting three main factors and in contrast to Scenic Quality model and Recreation model of InVEST which have been commonly used for assessing CES today due to its convenience today.

• The Journal of the Korean Institute of Forest Recreation
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.11-22
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• 2018

This study analyzes the economic feasibility on the transition of production structure to increase income for a local forest village in Laos PDR. The study area was the Nongboua village in Sangthong district where the primary product is rice from rice paddy. Possible strategies were considered to increase the villagers' revenue, and Noni (Morinda citrifolia) was production in the short-term. We assumed that the project period was for 20 years for the analysis, and a total of 1,100 Noni tree was planted in 1 ha by $3m{\times}3m$ spacing. This study classified basic scenario one, scenario two, scenario three by the survival rate and purchase pirce of Noni. Generally Noni grows well. However, the seedlings' average survival rate (= production volume) was set up conservatively in this study to consider potential risks such as no production experience of Noni and tree disease. The scenario one assumed that the survival rate of Noni seedlings was 50% for 0-1 years, 60% for 0-2 years, and 70% for 3-20 years; the scenario two, 10% less, i.e., 40%, 50%, and 60%; and the scenario three, 10% less, i.e., 40%, 50%, 60% and purchase price 10% less, i.e., $0.29 to $0.26, respectively. Our analysis showed that all 3 scenarios resulted in economically-feasible IRR (internal rate of return) of 24.81%, 19.02%, and 16.30% of with a discounting rate of 10%. The B/C (benefit/cost) ratio for a unit area (1ha) was also analyzed for the three scenarios with a discounting rate of 10%, resutling in the B/C ratio of 1.71, 1.47, and 1.31. The study results showed that the Nongboua village would have a good opportunity to improve its low-income structure through planting and managing alternative crops such as Noni. Also the results can be used as useful decision-making information at a preliminary analysis level for planning other government and public investment projects for the Nonboua village.