• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2014년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.98-99
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• 2014

Construction equipment cost is critical to estimate the total construction costs, particularly in large and complicated projects. Despite its importance, the construction equipment cost may not reflect the current market value since the equipment database is being updated every 6 years at most. To keep construction equipment cost up to date, it is highly recommended to use the standard market price that is reported each year by the Ministry of Security and Public Administration (MOSPA). However, there is still a gap to adopt the standard market price system for the construction equipment cost computing system. Therefore, this paper suggests an effective way to develop a construction equipment cost estimation system.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.3-10
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• 1999

This study was designed to investigate the malnutrition rate with anthropometric indices for the nutrient intake of 74 children aged 4-12 years old in three child welfare institutions in Cheonan city. The average heights and weights of the children are much lower than the Korean average height and weight. The mean BMI is $17.0{\pm}1.53$. In terms of height-for-age, 16.0% of the samples belong to below -2 standard deviation from the mean of the reference group. In terms of weight-for-age, 16.0% of the children belong to below -2 standard deviation. In terms of weight-for-height, 4.0% of the children belong to below -2 standard deviation. The standard deviation scores(Wt/Age, Ht/Age) indicate negative signs for seventy to eighty percent of the children. This is due to the lower consumption of the important nutrients that children consumed and almost all nutrients much less than the recommended daily allowances. Special nutrition welfare policies and programs targcting child welfare institutions should be developed to provide adequate nutrition for children in residential care.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.250-258
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• 2001

Five representative local foods of Cheollabuk-do Province such as chuotang, ochuk, baekhapchuk, dasulgitang and minmulgokimaeuntang were subjected to recipe standardization and nutrient analysis. To derive a standard recipe, first a test recipe was prepared with the consideration of information obtained from literature survey, personal interview and survey of restaurant recipe. This test recipe was modified three times after sensory evaluation. Then the modified test recipe was accepted as the standard recipe when all characteristics of food was assessed over 5 points and the percentage of judges who gave a score over five exceeded 70% in seven-point hedonic scale. Actually, all characteristics of each food were judged as "satisfactory". Nutrient analysis was performed in food cooked according to the decided standard recipe. In general, it appeared that energy content was rather low. However protein contents in chuotang, ochuk and minmulgokimaeuntang were higher than the recommended value per meal. Vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin B$_1$, vitamin B, niacin, calcium, phosphorus and iron were rich in chwotang and minmulgokimaeuntag. Onhuk contains plenty of vitamin C, vitamin B$_1$, vitamin B$_2$and the contents of vitamin A, vitamin B$_1$, and niacin in baekhapapchuk were over the recommended values per meal. The foods contained large percentage of aspartic acid and glutamic acid, and major essential amino acids appeared to be leucine and lysine. On the other hand, major fatty acids were oleic acid, linoleic acid and plamitic acid. Among them the content of oleic acid was the highest in chuotang, ochuk and baekhapchuk, whereas linoleic acid and palmitic acid were the most rich fatty acids in baekhapchuk and dasulgitang respectively.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.241-248
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• 2001

Re water resistance of shell fabrics intended for we in outdoor apparel was measured using three different standard test methods, ASTM D 751, hydrostatic resistance, procedure A(Mullen test -- with and without a fabric support) and Procedure B (Hydrostatic head test). A database of information on their water resistance performance was created. The data collected with different methods were correlated and the advantages and disadvantages of each method were compared. The Mullen test with a support appears to give higher and more favorable water resistance values on shell fabrics preventing fabric rupture during the test. The hydrostatic head test gave lower hydrostatic pressure values than those measured on the two Mullen tests. The Mullen test is recommended for testing the water resistance of fabrics that high a relatively high water resistance because the Mullen tester applies a wide range of pressure. The hydrostatic head test is recommended for testing the fabrics that have relatively low water resistance. The area of the fabric sample that is in contact with the water is smaller in the Mullen test, so higher pressure levels can be reached and more samples should probably be tested to get a representative value for each fabric types. Furthermore, the hydrostatic head test was deemed more repeatable than the Mullen tests in his study.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2009

미국의 라스베가스, 중국의 상해와 홍콩은 많은 관광객들이 찾는 명소로 다양한 기법과 방식을 사용한 경관조명이 복합적으로 어우러져 있는 세계적으로 야경이 유명한 도시이다. 이러한 3개 도시를 대상으로 건물 야간경관조명의 조명 방식과 조명 기법을 조사하였으며, 건물의 최대 최소 벽면휘도, 부분적인 발광광고물에 대한 휘도를 측정하였다. 그리고, 현재 사용되고 있는 CIE 휘도 기준과 IES 권장 최대 휘도비에 대한 기준을 바탕으로 각 도시별, 건물별 벽면휘도의 절대값, 상대값의 비교를 통해 도시별 경관조명 특성을 분석하였다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.156-169
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• 1997

This study was designed to evaluate the influences of evaporation of liquid of dental cements by drying during long term using. Zinc phosphate cement, polycarboxylate cement, and glass ionomer cement were used, and evaluated the properties as follows; consistency, setting time, film thickness, solubility, and compressive strength according to the ADA specification. The specimens of control group were made by mixing the newly opened liquid using the powder-liquid ratio recommended by the manufacturer, and the specimens of ES groups were made by mixing the 10% evaporated liquid by drying with the powder-liquid ratio recommeded by the manufacturer, and the specimens of EM group were made by mixing the 10% evaporated liquid with the powder-liquid ratio modified for standard consistency. The following conclusions were drawn ; 1. The viscosity of mixture of all kinds of cements were increased by the evaporation of liquid, especially the viscosity of glass ionomer cement were influenced significantly. 2. The amount of liquid should be increased to get a standard consistency at the using of evaporated liquid of cement, the most significant increase of liquid amount was required on Ketac-Cem. 3. The setting times were increased at both cases of mixing of evaporated liquid with powder - liquid ratio recommended by manufacturer or modifided through consistency test. 4. At an experimental group of mixing of the evaporated liquid with powder-liquid ratio recommended by manufacturer, solubility was decreased and film thickness was increased. 5. By the result of evaporation of cement liquid, the compressive strength of polycarboxylate cement was increased slightly and it of glass ionomer cement was increased, however, by the increase of amount of liquid to be possible to manipulate the compressive strength were decreased.

• 정보관리연구
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.117-145
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 도서관 현장의 용품 구매 및 관리업무의 효율화, 물품관리예산의 절감, 친환경적이고 디지털 친화적인 도서관용품의 발전 도모, 도서관용품 규격에 대한 표준적인 지침을 마련하기 위하여 도서관용품 권장기준과 관리지침을 개발하고자 하였다. 연구결과, 도서관용품을 6개 영역 117개의 용품으로 구분하여 각 용품에 대한 권장기준과 관리지침을 개발하였으며, 각 기준과 지침을 제공할 규격표 항목을 결정하여 통일된 표를 작성하였다. 규격표 항목은 각 용품명, 용품분류코드, 나라장터 물품 분류번호, 각 용품에 관한 '정의', '사용범위 및 용도', '용품규격', '종류와 치수', '구조', '비치장소', '관리요령', '비고'의 총 11개 항목이다. 본 연구가 도서관관련 법령, 도서관기준, 도서관편람에 반영되어 국가적인 차원에서의 도서관용품 표준화가 이루어질 수 있기를 바란다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제24권10호
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• pp.1388-1398
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• 2000

A pipe prover is a flowmeter calibrator used in flow measurement field. Gravimetric and volumetric methods were applied to determine the basic volume of the pipe prover. Uncertainty of its basic volume measurement was evaluated in accordance with the procedure recommended by International Organization for Standardization. The combined standard uncertainty of determining the basic volume was estimated from the sensitivity coefficient and the standard uncertainty of independent variables. It was found that the uncertainties of the weighing and volume measurements have dominant influence on that of the basic volume determination. With the quantitative analysis of the sensitivity coefficient, the contribution of the each variable uncertainty to the combined standard uncertainty of the basic volume is shown clearly.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.1706-1710
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• 2005

In a case of computer simulation used for the verification of pneumatic system performance one of the main problems is that various parameters can be used to describe flow characteristics of the system components. The Standard ISO 6358 offers two parameters: the sonic conductance C and the critical static pressure ratio b, but the parameters can not be directly utilised in an analysis of a pneumatic system. In the standard analysis there is applied the airflow coefficient ${\mu}$, but it is not presented in the vendors' catalogues. In the paper the numerical algorithm for calculation of the airflow coefficient ${\mu}$. (which is required for computer simulation) as a function of sonic conductance C and a critical pressure ratio b (recommended by the standard) is presented. Additionally, because of the iterative character of the described algorithm, an artificial neural network approach to solve the problem is proposed.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 1999년도 Proceedings of the 1999 Annual Conference The Korean Society of Agricutural Engineers
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• pp.465-472
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• 1999

Hydraulic model tests are performed to find economical and hdrqulically stable design of cooling water intake channel of steam power plant. The result of tests show that the standard distributiion of y-components in the chamber of CWP(circulating Water Pump) are recommended below 3.5 to maintain hydraulic stability, so that this value is considered as the design criteria. Common basin is necessary to improve the hydraulic stability of inflow, however the longer basin does not always improve the hydraulic stability , and the optimal length of basin can be found in some range. From the results the flow stability maintained the best condition when the length of basin is 7.2m. Beside the standard tests the auxiliary tests like edge , baffle, trapezoidal section and increase of pump capacity are carried out based on the optimal condition foudn in the standard tests. From the series of tests the economical and hydraulically stable design of intake channel was proposed.