• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.435-447
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• 2017

Associative and bidirectional associative memories are examples of associative structures studied intensively in the literature. The underlying idea is to realize associative mapping so that the recall processes (one-directional and bidirectional ones) are realized with minimal recall errors. Associative and fuzzy associative memories have been studied in numerous areas yielding efficient applications for image recall and enhancements and fuzzy controllers, which can be regarded as one-directional associative memories. In this study, we revisit and augment the concept of associative memories by offering some new design insights where the corresponding mappings are realized on the basis of a related collection of landmarks (prototypes) over which an associative mapping becomes spanned. In light of the bidirectional character of mappings, we have developed an augmentation of the existing fuzzy clustering (fuzzy c-means, FCM) in the form of a so-called collaborative fuzzy clustering. Here, an interaction in the formation of prototypes is optimized so that the bidirectional recall errors can be minimized. Furthermore, we generalized the mapping into its granular version in which numeric prototypes that are formed through the clustering process are made granular so that the quality of the recall can be quantified. We propose several scenarios in which the allocation of information granularity is aimed at the optimization of the characteristics of recalled results (information granules) that are quantified in terms of coverage and specificity. We also introduce various architectural augmentations of the associative structures.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.103-111
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among spatial ability, learning styles, visual-perception- recall abiltiy, and the conceptual construction of the earth and moon's motion. Four paper-and-pencil tests were used to measure students' cognitive variables. Spatial ability was measured by Spatial Visualization Test, visual-perception-recall ability was measured by Rey's Figure which also have used to test visual- perception-recall ability of right-temporal lobes, and VVT were used to investigate students' learning styles. further, the test of concept construction was consisted of 15 items about the earth and moon's motion developed by researcher One hundred and twenty-seven 6th-, one hundred and sixteen 7th-, eighty-seven 9th-grade, ninety-three college students were participated in the investigation of the effects of age and learning style on conceptual construction. In the analysis of students' performances, spatial ability, visual-perception-recall ability, and conceptual achievement showed an increasing pattern with grading. In addition, visual learner's conceptual achievement showed a significantly higher score on conceptual test than verbal learner's(p<0.05). The results of the present study supported tile hypothesis that learning styles would differently influence to learning atmospheric concepts by students'learning styles. This study also indicated to be considered the students' spatial ability in learning atmospheric concepts.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.20-25
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• 2015

The basic point of a vehicle recall is to remove vehicle defects as soon as possible and thus prevent possible road traffic accidents caused by the defects beforehand. Therefore, the core of vehicle recall under the self-certification system consists of a timely response and fast remedy of defects. The present study aimed to deduce a plan for improvement of the system necessary for the fast remedy of defects through a phased analysis of defect investigation procedure based on defect investigation statistical data. There will be a need to make the TSB(Technical Service Bulletin) or service campaign data submission of a manufacturer compulsory for the collection of broad defect information in the stage of information analysis and to impose a higher penalty when the manufacturer violates the data submission in the investigation stage. In addition, it is considered that an active service campaign should be induced and a punishment for late recall will be needed for consumer protection.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.996-1007
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• 2007

This study was focused on recognitive reaction. The purposes of this study was to analyze the fashion brands through correlation analysis between top of mind, recall, recognition, impact index and consumer behavior, and to identify the graveyard brand, niche brand and core brand. 33 questions about 20 fashion brands were asked to 442 males and females from the middle school students to age of 40. Data were analyzed mean, standard deviation, frequency, and correlation by using SPSS 12.0. The results were as follows: 1. Top of mind, recall and recognition affected recognizing the brands and including evoked setting, but it didn't lead the customer to purchase the brand. 2. Although top of the mind and recall are high, the percentage of purchasing the brand is relatively low if a consumer doesn't own the brand. 3. Brands 'B', 'L', 'PF', 'D' and 'BM' were represented as niche Brands which had high recognition and memory. 4. Brands 'TB', 'I', 'EN', 'ML', 'E' could be Graveyard brands that need special management. 5. Brands with the high impact index were 'A', 'T', 'I', 'C' and 'B'. These brands were recognized as the core brands by consumers.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.22 no.3 s.74
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• pp.59-67
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• 2004

On January 1, 2003, the motor vehicle management system in Korea was transformed from government's vehicle type approval to manufacturer's self-certification. The motor vehicle recall system with self-certification is an essential mechanism to place the liability of the vehicle defects on manufacturers and hence protect consumers from automobile accidents. This study provides a methodology to measure the benefits of motor vehicle recall system in two categories: benefits of reduction in traffic accidents and benefits of severity reduction in traffic accident. Applying the proposed methodology, the benefits of implementing motor vehicle recall system in Korea were estimated. It was estimated that 745 traffic accidents, 12 fatal accidents, and 1473 injury accidents were respectively reduced in 2002 due to implementation of motor vehicle recall system.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.55-72
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate developmental trends in organization strategy for taxonomic and slot-fiber lists and category typicality, use of organization strategy in relation to developmental changes in category knowledge structure, emergent organization capacity and effects in category typicality on children's recall. Moreover, the influences of children's age, use of organization strategy, list types and category typicality on children's recap were figured out. The major results were as follows. 1. Children's recall use of organization strategy increased with age. That is, the older children performed better recap and used organization strategy on both list types than the younger children. 2. AU children performed recall and used organization strategy better for the slot-filler than taxonomic list. The 4-year-olds, however, demonstrated better recap and use of organization strategy for the slot-filler than taxonomic list. While the 6-year-olds and 8-year-olds showed no such differences. These findings were supported the view that script-based slot-filler categories have a strong influence on young children's memory performance. 3. At each age level, children showed higher level of recall and use of organization strategy for category typical than category atypical list. AU children received higher scores for the typical than atypical items on recap and use of organization strategy. 4. Children's age, use of organization strategy, list types, and category typicality of lists significantly predicted children's recap.58% of the variance of children's recap was explained by four variables.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Language and Information Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.303-310
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• 2007

Named Entity Recognition (NER) is always limited by its lower recall resulting from the asymmetric data distribution where the NONE class dominates the entity classes. This paper presents an approach that exploits non-local information to improve the NER recall. Several kinds of non-local features encoding entity token occurrence, entity boundary and entity class are explored under Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) framework. Experiments on SIGHAN 2006 MSRA (CityU) corpus indicate that non-local features can effectively enhance the recall of the state-of-the-art NER systems. Incorporating the non-local features into the NER systems using local features alone, our best system achieves a 23.56% (25.26%) relative error reduction on the recall and 17.10% (11.36%) relative error reduction on the F1 score; the improved F1 score 89.38% (90.09%) is significantly superior to the best NER system with F1 of 86.51% (89.03%) participated in the closed track.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.994-998
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of sensory stimulation type on the learning of the elderly. The study implemented elderly verbal learning test by evenly dividing a total of 40 elderly people into auditory stimulation followed by visual stimulation group(AVG), visual stimulation followed by auditory stimulation group(VAG), simultaneous visual and auditory stimulation group(SG), and auditory stimulation group(AG). The result are as follows. SSG showed highest results in most of the test, followed by AVG, VAG, and AG. In particular, SG showed a statistically significant difference in immediate recall total score and short delay free recall score(p<.05). In the post-hoc test results of immediate recall total score, SG showed highest score with a statistical significance. AVG showed the second highest score, followed by VAG and AG and all showed a statistic significance(p<.05).In the post-hoc test results of short delay free recall score, SG and AVG showed a statistically significantly higher score than AG(p<.05). The results suggest that simultaneous stimulation of visual and auditory sense is more effective for improving the learning of the elderly people than visual stimulation followed by auditory stimulation or auditory stimulation followed by visual stimulation.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.145-155
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• 2002

Purpose: This study tries to analyze the differences of memory performance and the metamemory of the elderly women according to degree of depression. And also it attempts to find the correlations among the sub-concepts of metamemory which have close relationships to the memory performance followed by the depression. Methods: The subjects of this study are 60 the elderly women who are older than sixty years in Busan city, Korea. We use the MIA(Dixon, et al., 1988) to measure metamemory and measure the memory performances such as the immeadiate word recall, the delayed word recall, the word recognition task, and face recognition. Results: 1. The average point of deprssed elderly womens' metamemory was significantly lower than non-depressed womens' point(t=10.86 p<.0017). Looking into subconcept of metamemory, depressed elderly womens' strategy, capacity, change, achievement point were significantly lower than non-depressed women. 2. In terms of immediate word recall and delayed word recall performances, depressed elderly women are significantly lower than non-depressed elderly women. 3. The degree of depressed elderly womens' metamemory(strategy, achievement, change, capacity) has significant correlations with immediate word recall performances. Conclusion: Metamemory has close relationship with the memory performance of elderly women. And also depressed elderly's sub-concepts of metamemory which have influences on their memory performance are different from non-depressed elderly's sub-concepts. Therefore, when we try to develop some programs to prevent memory decrease of elderly women, we should take these point into consideration.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.1932-1950
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• 2018

The paper proposes a code-clone detection method that gives the highest possible precision and recall, without giving much attention to efficiency and scalability. The goal is to automatically create a reliable reference corpus that can be used as a basis for evaluating the precision and recall of clone detection tools. The algorithm takes an abstract-syntax-tree representation of source code and thoroughly examines every possible pair of all duplicate tree patterns in the tree, while avoiding unnecessary and duplicated comparisons wherever possible. The largest possible duplicate patterns are then collected in the set of pattern clusters that are used to identify code clones. The method is implemented and evaluated for a standard set of open-source Java applications. The experimental result shows very high precision and recall. False-negative clones missed by our method are all non-contiguous clones. Finally, the concept of neighbor patterns, which can be used to improve recall by detecting non-contiguous clones and intertwined clones, is proposed.