• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제4권5호
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• pp.907-917
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• 2000

본 논문은 통신망간 상호접속시 합리적인 접속료를 산정하기 위해 필요한 통신망비용모형의 수립방안을 제시하고 있다. 현재 우리나라의 통신망간 상호접속료는 기본적으로 전부배부비용방식에 의해 산정하고 있다. 이 방식은 실제발생비용을 토대로 한 회계자료에 의해 접속료를 산정하는 방식이므로 회계자료관련 문제점뿐만 아니라 효율적인 사업운영을 고려하지 못하다는 단점을 가지고 있다. 이에 주요선진국에서는 경제적 비용을 토대로 장기증분비용기준방식의 도입에 대한 검토를 하면서 합리적인 통신망비용모형의 개발에 연구를 집중하고 있다. 우리나라의 경우 현재 전면경쟁환경의 조성과 대외개방압력의 증대 등 통신환경변화로 인하여 장기증분비용기준방식의 도입여부와 함께 통신망비용모형 개발의 필요성이 요구되고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 합리적인 접속료 산정을 위한 통신망비용모형의 수립방안을 제시하고 있다. 기본적으로 비용을 자본비용과 운영비용으로 구분하고 각 비용특성별 비용발생원인을 파악한 후 현재의 상호접속제도와 통신회계제도를 감안하여 합리적인 비용산정방법을 검토하고 있다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.323-336
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to evaluate students' written arguments embedded in scientific inquiry investigations using the Science Writing Heuristic (SWH) approach. Argument components defined in this study are questions, claims, questions-claims relationship, evidence, claims-evidence relationship, multiple modal representations, and reflection. A set of criteria for evaluating each argument component was developed to evaluate writing samples of students from college freshman general chemistry laboratory classes. Results indicate that students produced, on average, moderate to powerful questions, claims, and evidence. They also constructed reasonable questions-claims relationship and claims-evidence relationship. Compared to other component scores, the average score for reflection was relatively low. Overall, the average Total Argument score was 21.4 out of a possible 36, that is, the quality of the written arguments using the SWH approach during a series of inquiry-based chemistry laboratory investigations was moderate to powerful. The findings of this study suggest that students, on average, developed reasonable scientific arguments generated as part of scientific inquiry. In other words, students are capable of putting together reasonable arguments as they participate in inquiry-based laboratory classrooms.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.31-44
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• 1987

Nowadays, the problems of energy and environmental pollution become serious day by day and the diesel engine, which has been proved to be superior to gasoline engine with respect to fuel consumption and ecological problems of exhaust gas, has been adopted widely for various purposes from the marine diesel engine and the dynamo engine to all kinds of engine on land. Therefore, extensive parametric studies on combustion of diesel engine should be done for its desing and improvement. To predict the behavior of diesel engien according to variable operating conditions by means of cycle simulation, the reasonable pattern of heat release rate has to be asumed. But it is necessary to know the actual variation of heat release rate in order to assume the reasonable pattern of heat release rate according to the actual operating conditions. In this paper, on a high speed small bore diesel engine with pre-combustion chamber, experimental investigations were carried out to determine the relationship between the heat release pattern and parameters such as engine load and speed. And also, the theoretical investigations about the performance variations of the above diesel engine according to the predicted pattern of heat release rate variation were performed. From the above observations, it may be said that the Fanboro indicator, which was used to get the cylinder pressure, can be used to estimate a reasonable pattern of heat release rate and it is confirmed that the pattern of heat release rate for the pre-combustion type engine is different from that of the direct injection type engine.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2008년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.231-234
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• 2008

Each corporation isn't consistent because of offering specific information for publicity. It spends considerable labor force and time surfing of the material information and choosing need material. That's the reason it's different with material information and choice system between production and marketing corporation. Among lots of material information, some of them are used by offering material information simplify. So it is demanded necessity of reasonable material choice system. That system helps it choose a material more easily. So we studied about the information retrieval system of reasonable material choice through the study about assortment system of material information and material choice method. It's the basic study for the suggestion of reasonable material choice system. According to this study, if that system is suggested and realized, we can overcome from the system of typical and repeatable at every course of architecture during several times. It will be helpful to increase about the productivity of architecture as the minimization of time, labor, resource and cost for the material choice.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2012

The Act of Disability Discrimination and Rights Restriction was enacted in 2008 states that all services including cultural and artistic activities should be fair and easily accessible for disabled. The aim of this study was to determine how to improve the facilities and services for the disabled in Theater and provide complementary guidelines for amenities designed for people with disabled. The conclusions identified through this study are as follows: 1) It should be installed pedestrian safe passage so that visitors could access from the entrance of the ground to the seat in the theater. 2) Disabled seats install in a position to Emergency evacuation for people with disabilities, and it is recommended that general seats are placed side by side with Disabled seats. 3) It is analyzed services for the visually impaired and hearing impaired are very poor. Therefore assistive devices and human services should be provided to the visually impaired and hearing impaired. 4) People with disabilities can participate in the show as the performers, so it should be provided reasonable accommodations such as access to the stage.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2010

본 연구는 스페이스 트러스 구조물의 초기 형상을 결정하기 위해 밀도법을 이용한 위상최적화 기술을 고려하고자 한다. 대부분의 초기 형상설계는 다양한 최적화 방법을 활용하지 않고 설계자의 경험이나 시행착오적인 방법을 바탕으로 수행되고 있다. 이런 이유로 합리적이고 경제적인 최적화기술이 초기 형상설계에 도입되어야 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 스페이스 트러스 구조물을 대상으로 설계영역을 설정하고 위상최적화를 수행하여 최적의 재료분포를 찾은 뒤 크기최적화를 이용하여 최적부재 크기를 찾고자 한다. 이와 같이 밀도법을 이용한 위상 및 크기최적화를 병행하여 수행할 경우 합리적인 스페이스 트러스 구조물의 초기 형상을 도출할 수 있다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제12권
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• pp.429-460
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• 1999

The letter of credit is quintessentially international. In the absence of international legal system, a private system based on banking practices has evolved, commanding the adherence of the international letter of credit community and providing the foundation of th reputation of this instrument. To maintain this international system, it is vital that international standard banking practice should not be subject to local interpretations that misconstrue or distort it. The UCP is a formulation of international standard banking practice. It is neither positive law nor a "contract term" in any traditional sense and its interpretation must be consonant with its character as a living repositary of international understanding in this field. As a result, the interpretation and application of specific articles of the UCP must be consistent with its evolving character and history and with the principles upon which sound letter of credit practice is predicated. This study, especially, focuses on article 13 and article 14 of the UCP500. Article 13(b) of UCP500 stipulates that banks will have a reasonable time, not to exceed seven days, to examine documents to determine whether they comply facially with the terms of the credit. The seven-day provision is not designed as a safe harbor, because the rule requires the issuer to act within a reasonable time. But, by virtue of the deletion of the preclusion rule in the document examination article in UCP500, however, seven days may evolve as something of a safe harbor, especially for banks that engage in strategic behavior. True, under UCP500 banks are supposed to examine documents within a reasonable time, but there are no consequences in UCP500 for a bank's violation of that duty. It is only in the next provision. Courts might read the preclusion more broadly than the literal reading mentioned here or might fashion a common-law preclusion rule that does not require a showing of detriment. Absent that kind of development, the change in the preclusion rule could have adverse effects on the beneficiary. The penalty, strict estoppel or strict preclusion, under UCP500 and 95UCC differs from the classic estoppel. The classic estoppel rule requires a beneficiary to show three elements. 1. conduct on the part of the issuer that leads the beneficiary to believe that nonconforming documents do conform; 2. reasonable reliance by the beneficiary; and 3. detriment from that reliance. But stict preclusion rule needs not detrimental reliance. This strict estoppel rule is quite strict, and some see it as a fitting pro-beneficiary rule to counterbalance the usually pro-issuer rule of strict compliance.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.493-506
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• 2000

Recently the first author and his coworker report a new finite element method for the Poisson equations with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions on a polygonal domain with one re-entrant angle [7], They use the well-known fact that the solution of such problem has a singular representation, deduced a well-posed new variational problem for a regular part of solution and an extraction formula for the so-called stress intensity factor using tow cut-off functions. They use Fredholm alternative an Garding's inequality to establish the well-posedness of the variational problem and finite element approximation, so there is a maximum bound for mesh h theoretically. although the numerical experiments shows the convergence for every reasonable h with reasonable size y imposing a restriction to the support of the extra cut-off function without using Garding's inequality. We also give error analysis with similar results.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제20권44호
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• pp.207-215
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• 1997

This paper deals with a comparison between Taguchi's accumulation analysis method and Nair test on the ordered categorical data from an industrial experiment for quality improvement. a result of Taguchi's accumulation analysis method is shown to have reasonable power for detecting location effects, while Nair test identifies the location and dispersion effects separately, Accordingly, Taguchi's accumulation analysis needs to develop methods for detecting dispersion effects as well as location effects. In addition this paper rewmmends models for analyzing ordered categorical data, for examples, the cumulative legit model, mean response model etc Successively simple, reasonable methods should be introduced more likely to be used by the practitioners.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.93-102
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• 1998

The objectives of the study were 1) to make the reasonable standard, 2) to select the objective and scientific method and process for the location-allocation of a new provincial capital city. The Main standard of location-allocation were suggested as follows ; 1) Integration of province 2) Convenience of Administration service 3) Accomodations of new provincial capital city 4) Balanced development by region. The validity of location-allocation were reviewed the population potentials and nodal accessibilities. The population potential was examined to find the maximum point of administrative demand, and the locationallocation model was examined to find the minimum point of the aggregated travel-cost to a proposed provincial government office. The nodal accessibilities measured in travel-time distance and actual values. Two major concerns in locating public facilities are efficiency and equity.