• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.43-54
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• 2007

This paper presents design and verification of a face detection hardware for real time application. Face detection algorithm detects rough face position based on already acquired feature parameter data. The hardware is composed of five main modules: Integral Image Calculator, Feature Coordinate Calculator, Feature Difference Calculator, Cascade Calculator, and Window Detection. It also includes on-chip Integral Image memory and Feature Parameter memory. The face detection hardware was verified by using S3C2440A CPU of Samsung Electronics, Virtex4LX100 FPGA of Xilinx, and a CCD Camera module. Our design uses 3,251 LUTs of Xilinx FPGA and takes about 1.96${\sim}$0.13 sec for face detection depending on sliding-window step size, when synthesized for Virtex4LX100 FPGA. When synthesized on Magnachip 0.25um ASIC library, it uses about 410,000 gates (Combinational area about 345,000 gates, Noncombinational area about 65,000 gates) and takes less than 0.5 sec for face realtime detection. This size and performance shows that it is adequate to use for embedded system applications. It has been fabricated as a real chip as a part of XF1201 chip and proven to work.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.1683-1690
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• 2020

Objective: The rapid and reliable detection of the African swine fever virus (ASFV) plays an important role in emergency control and preventive measures of ASF. Some methods have been recommended by FAO/OIE to detect ASFV in clinical samples, including realtime polymerase chain reaction (PCR). However, mismatches in primer and probe binding regions may cause a false-negative result. Here, a slight modification in probe sequence has been conducted to improve the qualification of real-time PCR based on World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) protocol for accurate detection of ASFV in field samples in Vietnam. Methods: Seven positive confirmed samples (four samples have no mismatch, and three samples contained one mutation in probe binding sites) were used to establish novel real-time PCR with slightly modified probe (Y = C or T) in comparison with original probe recommended by OIE. Results: Both real-time PCRs using the OIE-recommended probe and novel modified probe can detect ASFV in clinical samples without mismatch in probe binding site. A high correlation of cycle quantification (Cq) values was observed in which Cq values obtained from both probes arranged from 22 to 25, suggesting that modified probe sequence does not impede the qualification of real-time PCR to detect ASFV in clinical samples. However, the samples with one mutation in probe binding sites were ASFV negative with OIE recommended probe but positive with our modified probe (Cq value ranked between 33.12-35.78). Conclusion: We demonstrated for the first time that a mismatch in probe binding regions caused a false negative result by OIE recommended real-time PCR, and a slightly modified probe is required to enhance the sensitivity and obtain an ASF accurate diagnosis in field samples in Vietnam.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.188-194
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• 2008

In this paper, we propose for improving QoS in Hospital wireless network using Cellular-IP/PRC(Paging Route Cache) with Paging Cache and Route Cache in Cellular-IP and propose for performance of realtime and non-real time handoff service using Handoff state machine Paging Route Cache. Although the Cellular-IP/PRC technology is devised for mobile internet communication, it has its vulnerability in frequent handoff environment. This handoff state machine using differentiated handoff improves quality of services in Cellular-IP/PRC Suggested algorithm shows better performance than existing technology in wireless mobile internet communication environment. When speech quality is secured considering increment of interference to receive in case of suppose that proposed acceptance method grooves base radio station capacity of transfer node is plenty, and moat of contiguity cell transfer node was accepted at groove base radio station with a blow, groove base radio station new trench lake acceptance method based on transmission of a message electric power estimate of transfer node be. Do it so that may apply composing PC(Paging Cache) and RC(Routing Cache) that was used to manage paging and router in radio Internet network in integral management and all nodes as one PRC(Paging Router Cache), and add hand off state machine in transfer node so that can manage hand off of transfer node and Roaming state efficiently, and studies so that achieve connection function at node. Analyze benevolent person who influence on telephone traffic in system environment and forecasts each link currency rank and imbalance degree, forecast most close and important lake interception probability and lake falling off probability, GoS(Grade of Service), efficiency of cell capacity in QoS because applies algorithm proposing based on algorithm use gun send-receive electric power that judge by looking downward link whether currency book was limited and accepts or intercept lake and handles and displays QoS performance improvement.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.49-56
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• 2014

It is important to keep stable effluent water quality and minimize operation cost in biological wastewater treatment plant. However, the optimal operation is difficult because of the change of influent flow rate and concentrations, the nonlinear dynamics of microbiology growth rate and other environmental factors. Therefore, many wastewater treatment plants are operated for much more redundant oxygen or chemical dosing than the necessary. In this study, the optimal control scheme for dissolved oxygen (DO) is suggested to prevent over-aeration and the reduction of the electric cost in plant operation while maintaining the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration for the metabolism of microorganisms in oxic reactor. For optimal control, The oxygen uptake rate (OUR) is realtime measured for the identification of influent characterization and the identification of microorganisms' oxygen requirement in oxic reactor. Optimal DO seT-Point needed for the microorganism is suggested based on real time measurement of oxygen uptake of microorganism and the control of air blower. Therefore, both stable effluent quality and minimization of electric cost are satisfied with a suggested optimal setpoint decision system by providing the necessary oxygen supply requirement to the microorganisms coping with the variations of influent loading.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.166-174
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• 2013

QRS detection of ECG is the most popular and easy way to detect cardiac-disease. But it is difficult to analyze the ECG signal because of various noise types. The important problem in recording ECG signal is a baseline wandering, which is occurred by rhythm of respiration and muscle contraction attaching to an electrode. Particularly, in the healthcare system that must continuously monitor people's situation, it is necessary to process ECG signal in realtime. In other words, the design of algorithm that exactly detects QRS region using minimal computation by analyzing the person's physical condition and/or environment is needed. Therefore, baseline wander removing method based on morphological filter for efficient QRS detection method is presented in this paper. For this purpose, we detected QRS through the preprocessing method using morphological filter, adaptive threshold, and window. The signal distortion ratio of the proposed method is compared with other filtering method. Also, R wave detection is evaluated by using MIT-BIH arrhythmia database. Experiment result show that proposed method removes baseline wanders effectively without significant morphological distortion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 2019

Images captured by drone have the advantage of quickly constructing spatial information in small areas and are applied to fields that require quick decision making. If an image registration technique that can automatically register the drone image on the ortho-image with the ground coordinate system is applied, it can be used for various analyses. In this study, a methodology for geo-referencing of a single image and sequential images using drones was proposed even if they differ in spatio-temporal resolution using linear features and distinct points. Through the method using linear features, projective transformation parameters for the initial geo-referencing between images were determined, and then finally the geo-referencing of the image was performed through the template matching for distinct points that can be extracted from the images. Experimental results showed that the accuracy of the geo-referencing was high in an area where relief displacement of the terrain was not large. On the other hand, there were some errors in the quantitative aspect of the area where the change of the terrain was large. However, it was considered that the results of geo-referencing of the sequential images could be fully utilized for the qualitative analysis.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.1D
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• pp.157-167
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• 2006

During the first and second NGIS projects by the Korean government, The first one (1995~2000) was limited on constructing geographic information and the second (2001~2005) was focused on circulation and practical use of geoinformation from the result of the first project. In the latter half of 2nd NGIS project, However, the geographic information from the NGIS projects have not been renewed even though there were significant geographical changes. The accurate renewal of geoinformation is a matter of great importance to the next generation industry (e.g. LBS, Ubiquitous, Telematics). In this respect, it is time to update the geographic information in the latter half of the second NGIS project. Therefore, It is not only important to build an accurate geoinformation but also rapid and correct renewal of the geoinformation. NGII (National Geographic Information Institute) has been studying for improvement of digital map that was constructed by the result of the 1st NGIS project. Through the construction of clean digital map, NGII constructed Framework Data to three kinds of formats (NGI, NDA, NRL). Framework Data was contained to other database, and provided the reference system of location or contents for combining geoinformation. Framework Data is consist of Data Set, Data Model and UFID (Unique Feature Identifier). It will be achieved as national infrastructure data. This paper attempts to explore a method of the update to practical framework data with realtime geoinformation on feature's creation, modification and destruction managed by 'Feature management agency' using UFID's process. Furthermore, it suggests a method which can provide important data in order to plan the Framework update with the land change ratio.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.39 no.9
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• pp.495-504
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• 2017

An amphibious scrubbing/suction dredging machine with cylindrical rotating brush, housing, and turbidity barrier was newly-developed to remove both sediments with about 10 cm thickness and periphyton attached on various structures in urban water-circulating systems through the scrubbing, suction, and dredging processes. Based on the field application and long-term monitoring, the increase in both suspended solids (SS) and turbidity of water during the scrubbing, suction, and dredging processes was negligible (p>0.05). In some cases, the turbidity of water initially increased, however, the turbidity was stabilized within 20 minutes from the start of dredging processes. The concentration changes in TN and TP of water were not statistically different (p>0.05) before and after the scrubbing, suction, and dredging processes, indicating that benthic nutrients released from sediments were not significantly diffused, and were not supposed to cause significant water pollution. Also, water treatment facilities along with an amphibious scrubbing/suction dredging machine could be more effective since the removal of contaminant loadings through the scrubbing, suction, and dredging processes was much greater than that through simple coagulation/precipitation processes. Finally, GPS-based realtime tracking and operation program have been developed and applied in various urban water-circulating systems, and development of driver cooperative autonomous driving system is in progress to eliminate the need for manual driving of an amphibious scrubbing/suction dredging machine.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.52-63
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• 2009

Recently in Korea, in the case of metropolis, the urban signalized intersections are controlled by traffic information center or ITS center. Cheon-an City also established traffic information center through the 1st.-$\sim$3rd. ITS public construction and has managed this center that includes bus information service, traffic information collection and providing service, parking information service, and traffic responsive control system. In the Cheon-an metropolitan traffic signal operation, traffic signal controllers were grouped by the each main traffic flow axes and performed with coordinated signal timing for the signalized arterials, and also cycle and split changed by realtime traffic demands. Cheon-an urban traffic responsive control system was evaluated by intersection delay and speed, then it was verified that the delay decreased and vehicle speed improved. However, the rural signal control system to connect adjacency town was evaluated to have lower status than urban area due to the unimproved TOD (Time of day) plan. Therefore actuated signal control was examined for substitutive control system in isolated signal intersection. The aim of this article is to compare actuated signal control with TOD mode in the rural intersection of Cheon-an and to fine superiority of these two control mode, with evaluation of vehicle delay by using HCM(2000) method and by micro-simulation CORSlM. The result of field test show that actuated signal control gave better performance in delay comparison than the existing TOD signal control. And simulation outcome verified that non-optimized TOD has higher delay than optimized TOD mode, non-optimal actuated mode, and optimal actuated signal control mode. Particularly, these three modes delays had not different values according to the paired sample t-test. This is because small traffic demands were loaded in each links. This suggested actuated signal control is expected to be more effective than TOD mode in some rural isolated intersections which frequently need to survey for traffic volume.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.131-143
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• 2015

Purpose : By comparing a CT fusion plan based on MRI with a plan based on only MRI without CT, we intended to study usefulness of a plan based on only MRI. And furthermore, we intended to realize a realtime MR-IGRT by MRI image without CT scan during the course of simulation, treatment planning, and radiation treatment. Materials and Methods : BBB CT (Brilliance Big Bore CT, 16slice, Philips), Viewray MRIdian system (Viewray, USA) were used for CT & MR simulation and Treatment plan of 11 patients (1 Head and Neck, 5 Breast, 1 Lung, 3 Liver, 1 Prostate). When scanning for treatment, Free Breathing was enacted for Head&Neck, Breast, Prostate and Inhalation Breathing Holding for Lung and Liver. Considering the difference of size between CT and Viewray, the patient's position and devices were in the same condition. Using Viewray MRIdian system, two treatment plans were established. The one was CT fusion treatment plan based on MR image. Another was MR treatment plan including electron density that [ICRU 46] recommend for Lung, Air and Bone. For Head&Neck, Breast and Prostate, IMRT was established and for Lung and Liver, Gating treatment plan was established. PTV's Homogeneity Index(HI) and Conformity Index(CI) were use to estimate the treatment plan. And DVH and dose difference of each PTV and OAR were compared to estimate the treatment plan. Results : Between the two treatment plan, each difference of PTV's HI value is 0.089% (Head&Neck), 0.26% (Breast), 0.67% (Lung), 0.2% (Liver), 0.4% (Prostate) and in case of CI, 0.043% (Head&Neck), 0.84% (Breast), 0.68% (Lung), 0.46% (Liver), 0.3% (Prostate). As showed above, it is on Head&Neck that HI and CI's difference value is smallest. Each difference of average dose on PTV is 0.07 Gy (Head&Neck), 0.29 Gy (Breast), 0.18 Gy (Lung), 0.3 Gy (Liver), 0.18 Gy (Prostate). And by percentage, it is 0.06% (Head&Neck), 0.7% (Breast), 0.29% (Lung), 0.69% (Liver), 0.44% (Prostate). Likewise, All is under 1%. In Head&Neck, average dose difference of each OAR is 0.01~0.12 Gy, 0.04~0.06 Gy in Breast, 0.01~0.21 Gy in Lung, 0.06~0.27 Gy in Liver and 0.02~0.23 Gy in Prostate. Conclusion : PTV's HI, CI dose difference on the Treatment plan using MR image is under 1% and OAR's dose difference is maximum 0.89 Gy as heterogeneous tissue increases when comparing with that fused CT image. Besides, It characterizes excellent contrast in soft tissue. So, radiation therapy using only MR image without CT scan is useful in the part like Head&Neck, partial breast and prostate cancer which has a little difference of heterogeneity.