• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.215-220
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• 2005

Nowadays, various speech processing systems are being introduced in the fields of robotics. However, real-time processing and high performances are required to properly implement speech processing system for the autonomous robots. Achieving these goals requires advanced hardware techniques including intelligent software algorithms. For example, we need nonlinear amplifier boards which are able to adjust the compression radio (CR) via computer programming. And the necessity for noise reduction, double-buffering on EPLD (Erasable programmable logic device), simultaneous multi-channel AD conversion, distant sound localization will be explained in this paper. These ideas can be used to improve distant and omni-directional speech recognition. This speech processing system, based on embedded Linux system, is supposed to be mounted on the new home service robot, which is being developed at KIST (Korea Institute of Science and Technology)

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.963-971
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• 1990

This paper proposes a memory intensive VLSI architecture for the realization of real-time 3x3 neighborhood processor based on the distributed arithmetic. The proposed architecture is characterized by a bit serial and multi-kernel parallel processing which exploits the pixel kernel parallelism and concurrency. The chip implements 8 neighborhood processing elements in parallel with efficirnt input and output modules which operate concurrently. Besides the a4chitectural design of a neighborhood processor, the design methodology using module generator concept has been considered and MOGOT(MOdule Generator Oriented VLSI design Tool) has been constructed based on the workstation. Based on these design environments MOGOT, it has been shown that the main part of the suggested architecture can be designed efficiently using 2\ulcorner double metal CMOS technology. It includes design of input delay and data conversion module, look-up table for inner product operation, carry save accumulator, output data converter and delay module, and control module.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.157-162
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• 2005

In this paper we propose real-time cocersion methods that can convert into stereoscopic image using depth map that is formed by motion detection extracted from 2-D moving image and region segmentation separated from image. Depth map which represents depth information of image and the proposed absolute parallax image are used as the measure of qualitative evaluation. We have compared depth information, parallax processing, and segmentation between objects with different depth for proposed and conventional method. As a result, we have confirmed the proposed method can offer realistic stereoscopic effect regardless of direction and velocity of moving object for a moving image.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.1225-1233
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• 2008

In this paper, the 2D/3D converting algorithm is proposed. The single frame of 2D image is used fur the real-time processing of the proposed algorithm. The proposed algorithm creates a 3D image with the depth map by using the vertical position information of a object in a single frame. In order to real-time processing and improve the hardware complexity, it performs the generation of a depth map using the image sampling, the object segmentation with the luminance standardization and the boundary scan. It might be suitable to a still image and a moving image, and it can provide a good 3D effect on a image such as a long distance image, a landscape, or a panorama photo because it uses a vertical position information. The proposed algorithm can adapt a 3D effect to a image without the restrictions of the direction, velocity or scene change of an object. It has been evaluated with the visual test and the comparing to the MTD(Modified Time Difference) method using the APD(Absolute Parallax Difference).

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.483-498
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• 2017

Real-Time Hybrid Simulation (RTHS) is a powerful and cost-effective dynamic experimental technique. To implement a stable and accurate RTHS, time delay present in the experiment loop needs to be compensated. This delay is mostly introduced by servo-hydraulic actuator dynamics and can be reduced by applying appropriate compensators. Existing compensators have demonstrated effective performance in achieving good tracking performance. Most of them have been focused on their application in cases where the structure under investigation is subjected to inputs with relatively low frequency bandwidth such as earthquake excitations. To advance RTHS as an attractive technique for other engineering applications with broader excitation frequency, a discrete-time feedforward compensator is developed herein via various optimization techniques to enhance the performance of RTHS. The proposed compensator is unique as a discrete-time, model-based feedforward compensator. The feedforward control is chosen because it can substantially improve the reference tracking performance and speed when the plant dynamics is well-understood and modeled. The discrete-time formulation enables the use of inherently stable digital filters for compensator development, and avoids the error induced by continuous-time to discrete-time conversion during the compensator implementation in digital computer. This paper discusses the technical challenges in designing a discrete-time compensator, and proposes several optimal solutions to resolve these challenges. The effectiveness of compensators obtained via these optimal solutions is demonstrated through both numerical and experimental studies. Then, the proposed compensators have been successfully applied to RTHS tests. By comparing these results to results obtained using several existing feedforward compensators, the proposed compensator demonstrates superior performance in both time delay and Root-Mean-Square (RMS) error.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.397-402
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• 2015

SCR has been popularly approved as one of the most effective means for NOx emission control in heavy-duty and medium-duty vehicles currently. However, high urea dosing would lead to ammonia slip. And $NH_3$ sensor for vehicle emission applications has not been popularly used in real applications. This paper presents experimental studies on the diesel engine urea-SCR system by using a double NOx sensor system that is arranged in the downstream of the SCR catalyst based on ammonia cross-sensitivity. It was shown that the NOx conversion efficiency rised as $NH_3/NOx$ increases and the ammonia slip started from the $NH_3/NOx$ equal to 1.4. The increase of temperature caused high improvement of the SCR reaction rate while the space velocity had no obvious change. The ammonia slip was in advance as catalyst temperature or space velocity increase and the ammonia storage reduced as catalyst temperature or space velocity increase. The NOx real-time conversion efficiency rised as the ammonia accumulative storage increase and reached the maximum value gradually.

• Advances in Energy Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-28
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• 2016

A grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system comprised of multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) modules was installed in a cold climate region in the U.S. This roof-mounted stationary PV system is a real-world application of PV for building energy generation in International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) Climate Zone 5 (and possibly similar climate zones such as 6, 7 and 8), and it served the purposes of research, demonstration, and education. The importance of this work is highlighted by the fact that there has been less emphasis on solar PV system in this region of the U.S. because of climate and latitude challenges. The system is equipped with an extensive data acquisition system capable of collecting performance and meteorological data while visually displaying real-time and historical data through an interactive online interface. Experimental data was collected and analyzed for the system over a one-year period with the focus of the study being on measurements of power production, energy generation, and efficiency. The annual average daily solar insolation incident upon the array was found to be $4.37kWh/m^2$. During the first year of operation, the PV system provided 5,801 kWh (1,264 kWh/kWp) of usable AC electrical energy, and it was found to operate at an annual average conversion efficiency and PR of 10.6 percent and 0.79, respectively. The annual average DC to AC conversion efficiency of the inverter was found to be 94 percent.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.110-117
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• 2023

Reconstructing underwater geometry in real time with forward-looking sonar is critical for applications such as localization, mapping, and path planning. Geometrical data must be repeatedly calculated and overwritten in real time because the reliability of the acoustic data is affected by various factors. Moreover, scattering of signal data during the coordinate conversion process may lead to geometrical errors, which lowers the accuracy of the information obtained by the sensor system. In this study, we propose a three-step data processing method with low computational cost for real-time operation. First, the number of data points to be interpolated is determined with respect to the distance between each point and the size of the data grid in a Cartesian coordinate system. Then, the data are processed with a nonlinear interpolation so that they exhibit linear properties in the coordinate system. Finally, the data are transformed based on variations in the position and orientation of the sonar over time. The results of an evaluation of our proposed approach in a simulation show that the nonlinear interpolation operation constructed a continuous underwater geometry dataset with low geometrical error.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.516-527
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• 2013

This paper presents a new overall system for state-of-available-power (SoAP) prediction for a lithium-ion battery pack. The essential part of this method is based on an adaptive network architecture which utilizes both fuzzy model (FIS) and artificial neural network (ANN) into the framework of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). While battery aging proceeds, the system is capable of delivering accurate power prediction not only for room temperature, but also at lower temperatures at which power prediction is most challenging. Due to design property of ANN, the network parameters are adapted on-line to the current battery states (state-of-charge (SoC), state-of-health (SoH), temperature). SoC is required as an input parameter to SoAP module and high accuracy is crucial for a reliable on-line adaptation. Therefore, a reasonable way to determine the battery state variables is proposed applying a combination of several partly different algorithms. Among other SoC boundary estimation methods, robust extended Kalman filter (REKF) for recalibration of amp hour counters was implemented. ANFIS then achieves the SoAP estimation by means of time forward voltage prognosis (TFVP) before a power pulse occurs. The trade-off between computational cost of batch-learning and accuracy during on-line adaptation was optimized resulting in a real-time system with TFVP absolute error less than 1%. The verification was performed on a software-in-the-loop test bench setup using a 53 Ah lithium-ion cell.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.1-6
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• 2009

Current paradigm of industrial security is changing into the effective operation and management from simple establishment of security equipments. If the physical security system(entry control system, video security system, etc.) and the IT integrated security control system are conversed, it makes us possible to prevent, disrupt and track afterwards the insider's information leakage through the risk and security management of enterprise. That is, Without the additional expansion of the existing physical security and IT security manpower, the establishment of systematic conversion security management process in a short time is possible and can be expected the effective operation of professional organization system at all times. Now it is needed to build up integrated security management system as an individual technique including the security event collection and integrated management, the post connected tracking management in the case of security accident, the pattern definition and real time observation of information leakage and security violation, the rapid judgement and response/measure to the attempt of information leakage and security violation, the establishment of security policy by stages and systematically and conversion security.