• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.113-125
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• 2008

Net present value (NPV) and return on investment (ROI) are commonly used to evaluate investment in new technologies. Sometimes, however, measuring the value of investment in new IT becomes very difficult due to its wide scope of application coupled with embedded options in its adoption. Therefore, comprehensive but easily understandable methodologies are needed to solve the complicated problems resulting from the complexity of new technologies. This paper employs a real option analysis to evaluate RFID adoption in the supply chain. Real options analysis should be a better way to evaluate a disruptive technology like RFID. However, the pure (probabilistic) real option rule characterizes the present value of expected cash flows and the expected costs by a single number, which is not realistic in many cases. To solve the problem, this paper considers the real option rule in a more realistic setting, namely, when the present values of expected cash flows and expected costs are estimated by trapezoidal fuzzy numbers.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.467-481
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• 2015

Choi and Park introduced an invariant of a finite simple graph, called signed a-number, arising from computing certain topological invariants of some specific kinds of real toric manifolds. They also found the signed a-numbers of path graphs, cycle graphs, complete graphs, and star graphs. We introduce a signed a-polynomial which is a generalization of the signed a-number and gives a-, b-, and c-numbers. The signed a-polynomial of a graph G is related to the $Poincar\acute{e}$ polynomial $P_{M(G)}(z)$, which is the generating function for the Betti numbers of the real toric manifold M(G). We give the generating functions for the signed a-polynomials of not only path graphs, cycle graphs, complete graphs, and star graphs, but also complete bipartite graphs and complete multipartite graphs. As a consequence, we find the Euler characteristic number and the Betti numbers of the real toric manifold M(G) for complete multipartite graphs G.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.335-343
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• 2001

Algebra is important part of mathematics education. Recent days, many mathematics educators emphasize on real world situation. Form real situation, pupils make sense of concepts, and mathematize it by reflective thinking. After that they formalize the concepts in abstract. For example, operation in numbers develops these course. Operation in natural number is an arithmetic, but operation on real number is algebra. Transition from arithmetic to algebra has the cutting point in representing the concepts to mathematics sign system. In this note, we see the cognitive tendency of 10th grade about operation of real number, their cutting point of transition from arithmetic to algebra, and show some methods of helping pupils.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.131-152
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• 2009

The Eudoxean theory of Proportion is correlated with 'Dedekind cut' with which Dedekind defined the real number system in modern usage. Dedekind established a firm foundation for the real number system by retracing some of Eudoxus' steps of over two thousand years earlier. Thus it should be quite worthy that we separate Greek inheritance from the definition of Dedekind, However, there is a fundamental difference between Eudoxean theory of proportion and Dedekind cut. Basically, it seems impossible for Greeks to distinguish between the distinction between number and magnitude. In this paper, we will consider how the Eudoxean theory of proportion was related to Dedekind cut introduced to prove the Dedekind's real number completion and how it influenced Dedekind cut by looking at the relation between Eudoxos's explication of the notion of ratio and Dedekind's well-known construction of the real numbers.

• MALSORI
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• no.51
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• pp.85-98
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• 2004

It is almost impossible to generate the sound field effect in real time with the time-domain linear convolution because of its large multiplication operation requirement. To solve this, three methods are introduced to reduce the number of multiplication operations in this paper. Firstly, the time-domain linear convolution is replaced with the frequency-domain circular convolution. In other words, the linear convolution result can be derived from that of the circular convolution. This technique reduces the number of multiplication operations remarkably, Secondly, a subframe concept is introduced, i.e., one original frame is divided into several subframes. Then the FFT is executed for each subframe and, as a result, the number of multiplication operations can be reduced. Finally, the QFT is used in stead of the FFT. By combining all the above three methods into our final the SFE generation algorithm, the number of computations are reduced sufficiently and the real-time SFE generation becomes possible with a general PC.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.375-384
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• 2008

Let $k={\mathbb{F}}_q(T)$ and ${\mathbb{A}}={\mathbb{F}}_q[T]$. Fix a prime divisor ${\ell}$ q-1. In this paper, we consider a ${\ell}$-cyclic real function field $k(\sqrt[{\ell}]P)$ as a subfield of the imaginary bicyclic function field K = $k(\sqrt[{\ell}]P,\;(\sqrt[{\ell}]{-Q})$, which is a composite field of $k(\sqrt[{\ell}]P)$ wit a ${\ell}$-cyclic totally imaginary function field $k(\sqrt[{\ell}]{-Q})$ of class number one. und give various conditions for the class number of $k(\sqrt[{\ell}]{P})$ to be one by using invariants of the relatively cyclic unramified extensions $K/F_i$ over ${\ell}$-cyclic totally imaginary function field $F_i=k(\sqrt[{\ell}]{-P^iQ})$ for $1{\leq}i{\leq}{\ell}-1$.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.174-181
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• 2004

Recently, many studies have been undergoing to reduce working time in field of machine tool. There are two ways of reducing working time to reduce actual working time by heighten spindle speed and to reduce stand-by time by shortening tool exchange time. Auto tool changer belongs to latter case. Fixed address type auto tool changer can store more number of tools in small space than magazine transfer Ope and can shorten tool exchange time. This study focuses on the topology optimization to reduce the weight of the fixed address type ATC. The optimization program using a real number coding genetic algorithm is developed and is applied to the 10-bar truss optimization problem to verify the developed program. And, it is shown that the developed program gives better results than other methods. Finally, The developed program applied to optimize the fixed address type ATC.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.293-299
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• 2023

In recent years, with the rapid development of real-time rendering technology, the quality of the images produced by real-time rendering has been improving, and its application scope has been expanded from games to animation and advertising and other fields. This paper analyses the development status of real-time rendering technology in 3D animation by investigating the 3D animation market in China, which concludes that the number of 3D animations in China has been increasing over the past 20 years, and the number of 3D animations using real-time rendering has been increasing year by year and exceeds that of 3D animations using offline rendering. In this study, a real-time rendering and offline rendering 3D animation are selected respectively to observe the screen effect of characters, special effects and environment props, and analyse the advantages and disadvantages of the two rendering technologies, and finally conclude that there is not much difference between real-time rendering 3D animation and offline rendering 3D animation in terms of quality and the overall sense of view, and due to the real-time rendering of the characteristics of the WYSIWYG, the animation designers can better focus on the creation of art performance. Real-time rendering technology has a good development prospect and potential in 3D animation, which paves the way for designers to create 3D content more efficiently.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.183-203
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• 2014

We examine fundamental units of quadratic function fields from continued fraction of $\sqrt{D}$. As a consequence, we give another proof of geometric analog of Ankeny-Artin-Chowla-Mordell conjecture and bounds for class number, and study real quadratic function fields of minimal type with quasi-period 4.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.58 no.5
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• pp.1149-1161
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• 2021

In this paper, we present new bounds on the fundamental units of real quadratic fields ${\mathbb{Q}}({\sqrt{d}})$ using the continued fraction expansion of the integral basis element of the field. Furthermore, we apply these bounds to Dirichlet's class number formula. Consequently, we provide computational advantages to estimate the class numbers of such fields. We also give some numerical examples.