• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.199-207
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• 2011

After the development of printing technology since the 15th century and the rise of citizen consciousness in the 18th century, the library has taken a public concept. And after the 20th century, its role as a public library for the public was stressed, and as its spatial composition became miniaturized and specialized, its function changed from stacking and reading to various kinds including culture and service and is getting more complex beside the function of a library. Thereupon, this study aims to figure out the limitations of public libraries' opening years shown in advanced researches and understand the current status of spatial composition by complexation with the subjects of five public libraries opened after the end of December, 2006 in order to examine their tendencies of complexation and the characteristics of spatial composition by the complexation of public libraries. As a result, the present public libraries have at leaser more than two spaces with complex functions. According to the result of analysis on the types, locational relations between spaces showed the mixed type the most. In the types of building allocation, the building integrated type had a higher percentage than the separated type. About the types of entrance, the one common door type was fewer than the two separate door type. In the analysis on the types of the interior line of flow, the common type was similar to the dispersed type, and it is thought to be resulted from spatial composition rather than the preplanned line of flow.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.670-677
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• 2010

An alkaline pectate lyase, Bsp165PelA, was purified to homogeneity from the culture broth of alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. N16-5. The enzyme showed a specific activity as high as 1,000 U/mg and had optimum activity at pH 11.5 and $50^{\circ}C$. It was composed of a single polypeptide chain with a molecular mass of 42 kDa deduced from SDS-PAGE, and its isoelectric point was around pH 6.0. It could efficiently depolymerize polygalacturonate and pectin. Characterization of product formation revealed unsaturated digalacturonate and trigalacturonate as the main products. The pectate lyase gene (pelA) contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 1,089 bp, encoding a 36-amino acids signal peptide and a mature protein of 326 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 35.943 Da. The deduced amino acid sequence from the pelA ORF exhibited significant homology to those of known pectate lyases in polysaccharide lyase family 1. Some conserved active-site amino acids were found in the deduced amino acid sequence of Bsp165PelA. $Ca^{2+}$ was not required for activity on pectic substrates.

• 한국비블리아학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.7-25
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• 2017

도서관의 공간에 관한 문제는 오래전부터 도서관계와 건축, 공간디자인 분야 등 다양한 측면에서 논의되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 첨단 기술의 발전과 사회적 패러다임의 변화에 따라 도서관의 복합공간의 개념 변화를 살펴보고 각각의 사례를 분석하여 미래 도서관의 복합공간 구축의 방향을 제시하고자 한다. 도서관 건축과 공간의 문제로 제시된 복합공간의 주요 이슈인 미디어테크, 인포메이션 커먼스, 라키비움과 최근에 도서관에 도입되고 있는 메이커스페이스 등 모든 개념이 중요한 요소이다. 미래의 도서관은 이러한 개념을 반영하여 독서와 정보, 학습, 휴식, 커뮤니티 중심에서 문화와 창작, 창업과 협업을 지원하기 위한 정보와 사용자, 사용자와 사용자, 사용자와 미디어를 서로 연결하는 매개의 역할을 통해 새로운 가치를 창출할 수 있도록 복합 공간 플랫폼으로 건립되어야 할 것이다.

• 교육시설 논문지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.45-56
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• 2011

This study explored what impacts can be brought to students, teachers, schools, and community by the improvement of physical environment of school spaces. For the purpose, we studied 5 schools (2 elementary and 3 middle schools) who took part in the Happy School Project funded by the Ministry of Culture, Sports, and Tourism in 2008. Ten series of Focus Group Interviews were carried out with a sample of 28 students and 20 teachers who experienced both before and after the school renovation project. The analysis of the interview data revealed that although the project was concerned with a part of school space such as restroom or reading room, it could bring multiple effects such as following: First, the students addressed that they felt "good" about school environment, which led them to feel good about their "schools." This change was found out to bring about more positive attitudes towards a school in general, public manners, peer relationships, emotional well-being, and learning. Second, the teachers became to value more their principals' leadership, being more satisfied with their work environment and more concerned about management of school facilities, and happier with students in terms of teaching and guidance than before. Third, all the 5 schools seem to go through a noticeable change in terms of a school climate and ethos in a more positive and harmonious way. Finally, 'spread', 'promotion', and 'openness' effects were discussed with regard to the relationships between the schools and local community.

• BMB Reports
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2005

Major Royal Jelly Protein cDNAs of Apis cerana (AcMRJP) were cloned and characterized. The open reading frames (ORFs) of the AcMRJP1 and AcMRJP2 genes were 1302 and 1392 nucleotides, encoding 433 and 463 amino acid residues, respectively. The sequence divergences between AcMRJP1 and AcMRJP2 and their corresponding protein families in A. mellifera were 0.0618 and 0.0934 at the nucleotide level and 0.0912 and 0.1438 at the protein level, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis supports the orthologous similarity between these proteins. The deduced amino acids indicated high essential amino acid contents of AcMRJP1 and AcMRJP2 (47.5 and 44.8%, respectively). The genomic organization of both AcMRJP1 and AcMRJP2 was determined. Both the AcMRJP1 (3663 bp) and AcMRJP2 (3963 bp) genes contained six exons and five introns, where all boundaries conformed to the GT/AG rule. AcMRJP1 and AcMRJP2 cDNAs were cloned into pET17b, and both the recombinant (r) AcMRJP1 (47.9 kDa) and rAcMRJP2 (51.7 kDa) were expressed in the insoluble form. Western blot analysis and N-terminal sequencing of the solubilized proteins revealed successful expression of rAcMRJP1 and rAcMRJP2 in vitro. The yields of the purified rAcMRJP1 and rAcMRJP2 were approximately 20 and 8mg protein per liter of the flask culture, respectively.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2016

In recent years, as selling books on the internet becomes popular, the number of off-line bookstores are rapidly dwindling away. This change on the book market requires, the function and space of the bookstores should be defined again. Now bookstores are the places of experiences on cultures, world-views, and lifestyles around books. The study examines six large bookstores and finds three strategies of space expression as follow. First, Dominicanen bookstore in Maastricht which was built as a church has an expression which contrasts the old and the new as well as the sacred and the profane. Fangsuo bookstore in Chengdu creates a modern underground Sutra Depository. Here, people experience history and religion. Second, Cook & Book in Brussels has nine theme areas, each with a different selection of books, different interior decoration and special food and beverage like a theme park. Zhongshu bookshop in Shanghai has a lattice of nine reading rooms in which each unique design theme is characterized based on each book subject. Third, Cultura Bookstore in Sao Paulo is created to support social interchange. It leads people to the enormous plaza of books where people read books freely and participate in workshops, movies and all kinds of events. Daikanyama Tsutaya Books in Tokyo is composed of three white box-form pavilions which are connected by a 55-meter long aisle, called a magazine street. People walk along the street and choose concierge services as they browse magazines and books. The study finds out three strategies of design in current large bookstores to promote place-experience, which are the story-telling of history and culture, the design of theme parks, and openness for public mingling like plazas and streets. Thus, the study suggests a new paradigm in the design of bookstores in this internet age.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.1753-1759
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• 2006

Paenibacillus sp. HY-8 isolated from the digestive tracts of the longicorn beetle, Moechotypa diphysis, produced an extracellular endoxylanase with a molecular weight of 20 kDa estimated by SDS-PAGE. The xylanase was purified to near electrophoretic homogeneity from the culture supernatant after ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration, and ionexchange chromatography. The purified xylanase exhibited the highest activities at pH 6.0 and $50^{\circ}C$. The $K_m\;and\;V_{max}$ values were 7.2 mg/ml and 16.3 U/mg, respectively, for birchwood xylan as the substrate. Nucleotide sequence of the PCR-cloned gene was determined to have the open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 212 amino acids. The N-terminal amino acid sequence and the nucleotide sequence analyses predicted that the precursor xylanase contained a signal peptide composed of 28 amino acids and a catalytically active 19.9-kDa peptide fragment. The deduced amino acid sequence shared extensive similarity with those of the glycoside hydrolase family 11 of xylanases from other bacteria. The predicted amino acid sequence contained two glutamate residues, previously identified as essential and conserved for active sites in other xylanases of the glycoside hydrolase family 11.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.257-264
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• 2009

A $\beta$-agarase gene, agaB34, was functionally cloned from the genomic DNA of a marine bacterium, Agarivorans albus YKW-34. The open reading frame of agaB34 consisted of 1,362 bp encoding 453 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence, consisting of a typical N-terminal signal peptide followed by a catalytic domain of glycoside hydrolase family 16 (GH-16) and a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM), showed 37-86% identity to those of agarases belonging to family GH-16. The recombinant enzyme (rAgaB34) with a molecular mass of 49 kDa was produced extracellularly using Escherichia coli $DH5{\alpha}$ as a host. The purified rAgaB34 was a $\beta$-agarase yielding neoagarotetraose (NA4) as the main product. It acted on neoagarohexaose to produce NA4 and neoagarobiose, but it could not further degrade NA4. The maximal activity of rAgaB34 was observed at $30^{\circ}C$ and pH 7.0. It was stable over pH 5.0-9.0 and at temperatures up to $50^{\circ}C$. Its specific activity and $k_{cat}/K_m$ value for agarose were 242 U/mg and $1.7{\times}10^6/sM$, respectively. The activity of rAgaB34 was not affected by metal ions commonly existing in seawater. It was resistant to chelating reagents (EDTA, EGTA), reducing reagents (DTT, $\beta$-mercaptoethanol), and denaturing reagents (SDS and urea). The E. coli cell harboring the pUC18-derived agarase expression vector was able to efficiently excrete agarase into the culture medium. Hence, this expression system might be used to express secretory proteins.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.295-318
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• 2020

본 연구는 도서관이라는 사회적 기관이 변화하는 이용자, 특히 지식정보취약계층의 변화하는 정보요구를 파악하여 능동적으로 서비스를 제공하기 위하여 수행되었다. 연구는 지역사회기반참여연구 방법론을 도입하여 A지역의 B동 이주민 계층의 정보요구를 분석하였다. 연구의 전반적인 과정에 걸쳐 지역사회와 협력했으며 A지역의 지식정보소외계층을 위한 포용 도서관 전략을 제안하였다. 이주민은 쉬운 글 자료, 독서활동 프로그램, 여가문화 프로그램, 리터러시 프로그램에 대한 요구가 많았다. 특히 다양한 지역내 유관기관과의 협력을 통해 서비스가 제공되어야 할 것으로 분석되었다. 연구 결과로 현재 도서관에 깊이 참여하는 경험을 제공하는 것과 다양한 정보원(리소스가이드)를 제공하고 자녀를 통한 홍보 등을 제안하였다.

• 교육시설
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2005

The Educational Cultural Center for Students is a new mixed-cultural space which made around 1997 for students' education of humanism and talent with the 7th revision of educational course. This Educational Cultural Center for Students is different to the existing one because the subject of the culture is students who make creation and performance by themselves while the former ones were for seeing, hearing and feeling things. There are seven Educational Cultural Center for Students all over the country and will be built more in the future. Comparing to the former Educational Cultural Centers for Students, functional rooms in the Educational Cultural Centers for Students are an outdoor performance room, a large performance room, a small performance room of performance facility, a gallery of display facility, a gymnasium, a swimming pool, a fitness room, a table-tennis room of physical facility, a library and a reading room of a book facility, and a group room, a computer room, a singing room, a billiard room, an art room, a musical room, a dancing room, a manner room, a playing room, a cultural lecture room and a seminar room of a interest-activity facility. The result of analyzing the usage frequency is that a performance room has the highest frequency and a display room, a musical room, a music appreciation room and a physical room follow the frequency order. But this frequency does not fit for all area. By place and social situations, the frequency and space organization may be changed.