• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.591-593
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• 2007

This paper is to cluster the AMR (Automatic Meter Reading) data. The load survey system has been applied to record the power consumption of sampling the contract assortment in KEPRI AMR. The effect of the contract assortment change to the customer power consumption is determined by executing the clustering on the load survey results. We can supply the power to customer according to usage to the analysis cluster. The Korea a class of the electricity supply type is less than other country. Because of the Korea electricity markets exists one electricity provider. Need to further divide of electricity supply type for more efficient supply. We are found pattern that is different from supplied type to customer. Out experiment use the Clementine which data mining tools.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.33-45
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• 1990

To achieve the aim of science education, it is known that warious teaching, and learning materials should have to be used. As a sub-textbook for primary science education, 'Sil Hum-Kwan Chal (Experiment and Observation), teaching and learing material are developed and using now in science. This material have following characteristics; (a) Soruce-book contains reading materials for additional information, various pictures to enririch the science concepts, and supplementary and enrichment activities. (b) Work-book consists of the detailed procedures of activities of experiments presented in the textbook, student can record the experimental procedures and results. (c) Operational manuals provide operation techniques for experimental equipments which are used in science class. In this study the using status are surveyed for the 3rd grade of primary school, and based on this survey the improvement plan are discussed in view of design, quantity and utility, of sub-textbook.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.99-109
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to analysis the relationship between hours of smartphone use and neck pain in university students. Methods : A survey of 2,353 university students was conducted in Gyeonggi province and Incheon city using a self report questionnaire from April 1 to 11 2013. The questionnaire of questions regarding the hours of using smartphone, mainly used function in participant's smartphone and neck discomfort degree. Neck disability index(NDI) was used to evaluate degree of pain. The collected data were analyzed with the t-test and Kendall's tau test using the SPSS 21.0 program and R 3.1.0, respectively. Results : 1. Almost all of the survey participants(99.07 %) were smartphone users. 66.97 % of them answered that they use their smartphone daily more than 2 hours and 48.18 % of them answered that they use their smartphone 10 to 30 minutes everytime they use it. 2. The overall distribution of NDI scores was 'no disability(0~4 score, 62.92 %)', 'mild disability(5~14 score, 32.85 %)', 'moderate disability(15~24 score, 1.19 %)'. As a result of t-test, we found that the average NDI score for female students was significantly higher than the average NDI score for male students(p<0.05). 3. The Kendall's tau test revealed that total time spent daily using smartphones has a strong positive correlation with 'pain intensity', 'lifting', 'reading' 'headache', 'concentration', and 'driving'(p<0.05) in NDI. Also, time duration of one time smartphone usage has a strong positive correlation with 'pain intensity', 'lifting', 'reading', 'headache', 'concentration', 'work', and 'recreation'(p<0.05). 4. The Kendall's tau test revealed that total NDI scores have a significantly strong positive correlation with both of total time spent daily using smartphones(p<0.05) and time duration for one time smartphone usage(p<0.05). This results imply that long-time use of smartphone has a strong relationship with neck pain. Conclusions : The results of the study would be a good starting point for future studies to reduce the risks of chronic neck pain caused by smartphone usage.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.53-60
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• 2010

Texts and icons are used to deliver the safety and health information on pesticide labels. This study surveyed the standards or guidelines regarding the presentation formats of texts and icons used in pesticides. Also, the text and icon formats being used in the 50 pesticide products in Korea were investigated in the aspects of size, font (texts only), color. From the guideline survey, it was found that while the guidelines for the text fonts and colors in pesticides were suggested, there was no detailed guidelines about the text size. For the icon presentation, it was regulated that the icon size for the pesticides should be larger than $7mm{\times}7mm$, and this size was equivalent to the size when the reading distance of 28 ㎝ was applied to other two guidelines. From the sample survey of the 50 pesticides, it was found that the small text size being used in the 50 pesticides was 1mm (3pt), and this size was considered to be very difficult to be read, particularly by old people. The minimum size of the texts for the toxicity of the pesticide, the very important safety information, was found to be 1.5 mm, which is considered to be very uncomfortable to be read. The size of icons were varied from 2 to 12 mm, and the total average size was 4.6 mm. The 149 icons from a total 187 icons (80%) were smaller than the icon presentation guideline ($7mm{\times}7mm$), and the reason for the small icon size might be the small area of the label of the pesticides. Thus, more detailed guidelines for the text size and more practical guidelines for the size of icons are required.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.221-244
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to provide basic information necessary for establishing library development plan and service direction by comparing and analyzing the perception of librarian and user's public library. For this purpose, a questionnaire survey was conducted with 270 librarians and 820 public users of the Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education Public Libraries regarding the current environment of the library, the role and status of the future library, and the library policy. The results showed librarians viewed the long history and accumulated information resources as strengths, while users had the highest satisfaction with human resources. As for the role of the public library and its future status, both librarians and users perceived reading and education as more important, confirming that the two groups had common expectations for public libraries. Yet the two groups had different perceptions about the policy for enhancing future library roles. Librarians suggested the needs for the improvement of old facilities and continuing education for librarians, users indicated the collections and enlargement of reading room as more important, which suggested the library policy development considering the difference of the perceptions between the two groups.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.197-212
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to develop an automatic software system for bone age evaluation and to evaluate its accuracy in testing and feasibility in clinical practice. 20394 left-hand radiographs of healthy children (2-18 years old) were collected from China Skeletal Development Survey data of 1998 and China Skeletal Development Survey data of 2005. Three experienced radiologists and China-05 standard maker jointly evaluate the stages of bone development and the reference bone age was determined by consensus. 1020 from 20394 radiographs were picked randomly as test set and the remaining 19374 radiographs as training set and validation set. Accuracy of the automatic software system for bone age assessment is evaluated in test set and two clinical test sets. Compared with the reference standard, the automatic software system based on RUS-CHN for bone age assessment has a 0.04 years old mean difference, ±0.40 years old in 95% confidence interval by single reading, a 85.6% percentage agreement of ratings, a 93.7% bone age accuracy rate, 0.17 years old of MAD, 0.29 years old of RMS; Compared with the reference standard, the automatic software system based on TW3-C RUS has a 0.04 years old mean difference, a ±0.38 years old in 95% confidence interval by single reading, a 90.9% percentage agreement of ratings, a 93.2% bone age accuracy rate, a 0.16 years of MAD, and a 0.28 years of RMS. Automatic software system, AI-China-05 showed reliably accuracy in bone age estimation and steady determination in different clinical test sets.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.581-610
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze elementary, middle and high school teachers' perceptions and experiences on school library services, to obtain basic information and to draw implications for setting the contents and direction of school library services. For this purpose, a survey was conducted on 498 teachers working at elementary, middle and high schools in the Incheon Metropolitan Office of Education for reading status, recognition and emotion of the school libraries, school library experience, teaching experiences using school libraries, and the role of teacher-librarians. As a result of the analysis, there was a difference in teachers' perceptions, emotions, and experiences of school library services according to school level and school library personnel. In particular, the school library personnel was found to have a significant influence on teachers' perception, emotion and experience of school library service.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.492-500
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• 2010

This study conducted a questionnaire survey of 482 male and female second graders in middle schools located in Cheongju, Chungcheongbukdo. This study lays its purpose on establishing the nutrition facts labeling system by understanding eating habits and analyzing the actual state of reading nutrition facts labels and degrees of understanding them among middle school students, and helping them to engage in right food purchasing activities and through it result in developing sound eating habits by providing them with basic material to be employed to actively utilize nutrition facts for choosing and buying healthy foods. As a result of surveying regarding the actual state of reading food labels, regarding degrees of recognition of food labels, it was revealed that 91.1% of female students recognized them, while 42.1% of male students did not recognize them, indicating lower levels of recognition among the male group. Regarding reasons for not checking food labels, 49.2% indicated habitual purchasing, followed by poor contents in the label(20.2%), ununderstandable contents(17.7%), and the lower reliability of the contents(6.9%). As a result of surveying regarding the actual state of reading nutrition facts labels, in recognition of nutrition facts labels, female rather than male students showed higher degrees of recognition, and degrees of recognition were found to differ according to parents' total income and mothers' educational attainments.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.99-118
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• 2011

This study evaluated the core project operations of the National Library for Children & Young Adults to provide suggestions for its key functions and project operations plan. For this purpose, we conducted a survey for children's librarians and a focus group interview with the directors of children's libraries. The result showed that the overall functions were considered important and the contributions of the core project operations were rated positively. Among the core projects, 'Reading Promotion Program for Children' appeared to contribute most, while the most needed areas were contents development and continuous support for the reading promotion program for young adults. In addition, the need for diverse contents development, instructors and education tools were suggested for continuing education program, along with strengthening policy development and research functions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.222-229
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• 2018

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate gas concentrations such as oxygen in ginger storage tunnels, which are the causes of asphyxiation in confined spaces and suggest directions for safety and health management at ginger farms. Methods: Five farms in the Seosan and Taean areas which use underground ginger storage tunnels were chosen and examined with a walk-through survey and direct reading device for oxygen, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and carbon monoxide. Results: The oxygen concentration in the storage tunnels with no ventilation was found to be under 18% in summer, which may cause health effects. The concentration in those with ventilation was about 19%. The difference in temperature by measurement day had little effect on the concentration of oxygen. Conclusions: Even though some of farms had used compulsory ventilation systems, none of the farms visited possessed any direct reading device for oxygen. Warning systems using a direct reading device can be more effective, helpful, and required compared to ventilation, considering the difficulty and expense of periodical maintenance of ventilation systems and the fact that a farmer can be placed in danger when unaware of the malfunction of the ventilation system. In addition, a warning system may make farmers more cognitive of agricultural safety and health actions while a ventilation system can cause them to become passive and ignorant of workplace hazards.