• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.421-435
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• 1998

An empirical formula for estimating duration magnitude(MD)is determined by analyzing 619 epicentral distance-duration data set, obtained from earthquakes of 1989-1998 recorded at the KMA network. Based on two assumptions: 1) observed signal duration decreases with increasing epicentral distance, and 2) seismographs of KMA are set at low-gain and therefore inclusion of sensitivity correction term in the equation is not necessary, scaling predicted duration at epicenter to Tsuboi's local magnitude yielded the duration magnitude equation: MD =2.0292$\times$log$\tau$＋0.00123Δ-1.4017 for 1/0$\leq$ML$\leq$5.0, where $\tau$is total signal duration(sec)and Δis epicentral distance(km). Event by event comparison of ML values against MD estimates for t152 events shows that for events having a same ML the difference in MD estimates reaches as high as 1.1 magnitude units. So, to test the usefulness of the duration magnitude equation, we have calculated ML-MD relations by which duration magnitude estimates are converted to local magnitudes ("predicted" ML, say) which are then compared with the directly determined local magnitude values. Except for events with stations where duration is anomalously reestimates(predicted ML) which are in an agreement within a 0.2 magnitude units with the corresponding ML values. Although this study could gain some insights into magnitudes of the past events, we still need to re-examine all the observables in order to obtain more reliable and precise information about magnitude and hypocenter location. So we will pursue a new local-magnitude scaling, as well as refinement of the duration magnitude equation, starting soon with re-reading the amplitudes-arrival time records of (and hence relocating) 250+earthquakes of 1979-present recorded at the KMA network. Thus, with more reliable and precise earthquake parameters determined we would better understand the recent seismicity and related tectonic process within and adjacent region to the Korean peninsula.peninsula.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.105-114
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• 2013

The purpose of this paper is to explain the operation and meaning of the narrative, which is one of the main principles for the contents construction, especially focusing on the concepts 'difference' and 'desire'. The classical aesthetic taught us that the differences between diverse characters and reality models are the effective strategy for the reading the story. But this paper focuses on the structural difference of the event (story) and performance (discourse) of narrative, which are regarded as the basic condition of narrative. This difference is to describe in terms of the media theory and psychoanalysis. This paper also seeks to interpret the recent korean film to exemplify that the creation of difference for the fulfillment of desire is the basic element of the narrative constitution.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.245-251
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• 2011

Quantities of data in the DMS (Distribution management system) or SCADA (Supervisory control and data acquisition) system is enormously large as illustrated by the usage of term flooding of data. This enormous quantity of data is transmitted to the status data or event data of the on-site apparatus in real-time. In addition, if GIS (Geographic information system) and AMR (Automatic meter reading), etc are integrated, the quantity of data to be processed in real-time increases unimaginably. Increase in the quantity of data due to addition of system or increase in the on-site facilities cannot be handled through the currently used Single Thread format of data processing technology. However, if Multi Thread technology that utilizes LF-POOL (Leader Follower -POOL) is applied in processing large quantity of data, large quantity of data can be processed in short period of time and the load on the server can be minimized. In this Study, the actual materialization and functions of LF POOL technology are examined.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.30
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• pp.191-225
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• 2010

This paper is the outcome of attempting to approach for reading the Analects of Confucius through the polysemy of Chinese character and indecidability of articles. For this purpose at first, I explained which this Chinese character can be applied for 'philosophy language'. In the 16th century Matteo Ricci had tried to find out the possibility of ideographic script as standing for a universal language. On the other hand, Hegel and Heidegger strictly insisted on the Chinese character is inappropriate for expressing the logic thought of the human being. The reason was as next; firstly, this character had not the preposition and articles, and secondly the only one word could not indicates the bisemy including the meaning of opposition, lastly this language system expresses and communicates only with the change of word order without inflection. But With some scholar like Cassirer, Saussure and Derrida we can confirm the possibility which will discover the Chinese character for using the logic and reasoning language of from different view. Because in the language system of this Chinese character the connection of words in contexts is more important other than meaning as the individual word, in comparison to the language of the West. The Chinese character hides the original meaning until being what kind of event and thing relationship watch inside with different letters. So to speak, the Chinese character is called as 'language of indecidability'. For these points, even though The Chinese character lacks of preposition, articles, and inflection speech etc. the letter systematic, this language system can play a role for expressing as the philosophic language which manages with the complicated problems of the human being.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.57
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• pp.359-382
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• 2014

This paper is an essay on Chaekmun(Answer papers of official examination in Pre-modern period). Especially I tried to point out the possibility of practical use in the field of politics. For this purpose, I analyzed an examination paper written by Lee Ga-hwan, and the title is "a debate about construction of the Miang palace". Exquisite writing skill is also important in Chaekmun, but it is not everything. The subject of Chaekmun concerns various fields such like politics, economy, society, culture, and history. So that writers should have sufficient knowledge and opinion. The King, as an examiner, wants to test retainers' ability both in writing and politics. In this paper, I focused on using in field of politics between the King and the retainers. And as an good example, I analyzed a paper which dealt the event of building huge palace named Miang palace. That is because the King reflects his concerns by setting exam questions. And his concerns also could not be free of contemporary political conditions. Therefore we should be careful of reading those articles. Regarding this, Lee Ga-hwan's article had a distinctive characteristic. Unlike any other articles dealing with same event, he tried to access through creative point of view. And his thought were much close to the King's heart.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.604-613
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• 1998

The last enzyme of the sesquiterpen phytoalexin capsidiol synthesis in tobacco cell, 5-epi-aristolochene hydro-xylase which convert 5-epi-aristolochene (EAS) to capsidiol, was cloned by a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction strategy and cDNA library screening. Cloned CYP-B3 contained high probability amino acid matches to known plant cytochrome P450 sequences and open reading frame with the conserved FxxGxRxCxG heme-binding region. Transcripts of CYP-B3 were not detected in control cells, but induced in elicitor-treated cells. Furthermore, CYP-B3 transcripts were induced by fungal extracts and cellulase but not by other stimuli(chilling, heat shock and 2,4-D). Induction of CYP-B3 transcripts by elicitor treatment was not affected by ancymidol and ketoconazole treat-ments suggesting that an inhibition of hydroxylase activity by Cyt P450 inhibitors resulting from post translational processing event.

• Korean Educational Research Journal
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.39-65
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• 2019

This essay examines the relationship between death and the minor literature and the minor philosophy of education. Deleuze and Guattari conceive death as the source of question and the problem. Death overcomes Freud's death-drive and is conceived as the universal event. Then, death is understood as the essential problem, the condition of thought about life, and the paradox of actuality. On the other hand, their minor literature is able to figure in Kafka's works, Metamorphosis and so on, excellently. Deleuze and Guattari argue that Kafka's works push ahead to the edge of the deterritorization. Their argument on the minor literature has the following three characteristics: first, the territorization of the language; second, the directional connection between the individual and the social; third, the collective arrangement of the statement. Death and the minor literature share the "intensity" as the theoretical tool and thus presuppose each other. From this, we are able to draw the possibility of the minor philosophy of education. It makes a crack on the major philosophy of education, exposing the limitation of the doctrines. In other words, the major philosophy of education enforces the reading of grand philosophers by the defined ways only. Instead, Deleuze and Guattari show the creative way through their research of the history of philosophy and extend the field of thought. In following this way, we can repeat the novel in the philosophy of education also. In this essay, we examine their "affect" for the possibility.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.14B no.5
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• pp.343-350
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• 2007

Virtual environment is an interactive multimedia space that allows users to experience realistic sensory feedbacks and interactions as they do in real world. There have been some work on the development of two-dimensional user interface for supporting interactions in a virtual environment. However, most of them were designed for specific virtual environments and hence could not be easily deployed to other virtual worlds. To address this problem, some frameworks were developed for building two-dimensional user interfaces for virtual environment, but they had limitations in usability or flexibility. In this paper, we present the HIVE framework, which is designed to help ease the development of two-dimensional user interface for the virtual environment while satisfying the requirements of both usability and flexibility. The HIVE framework utilizes XML and scripting capability, dynamic module loading, XML and script language for usability. It provides module reading, configuration, and event processing mechanism for flexibility. This paper first explains the HIVE framework and describes the applications developed for some virtual environments followed by discussing the future research directions.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.45 no.2 s.142
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• pp.87-94
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• 2007

In this study, we describe Korean isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis infected with double-stranded (ds) RNA virus (TVV). One T. vaginalis isolate infected with TVV IH-2 evidenced weak pathogenicity in the mouse assay coupled with the persistent presence of a dsRNA, thereby indicating a hypovirulence effect of dsRNA in T. vaginalis. Cloning and sequence analysis results revealed that the genomic dsRNA of TVV IH-2 was 4,647 bp in length and evidenced a sequence identity of 80% with the previously-described TVV 1-1 and 1-5, but only a 42% identity with TVV 2-1 and 3 isolates. It harbored 2 overlapping open reading frames of the putative capsid protein and dsRNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). As previously observed in the TVV isolates 1-1 and 1-5, a conserved ribosomal slip-page heptamer (CCUUUUU) and its surrounding sequence context within the consensus 14-nt overlap implied the gene expression of a capsid protein-RdRp fusion protein, occurring as the result of a potential ribosomal frameshift event. The phylogenetic analysis of RdRp showed that the Korean TVV If-2 isolate formed a compact group with TVV 1-1 and 1-5 isolates, which was divergent from TVV 2-1, 3 and other viral isolates classified as members of the Giardiavirus genus.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.667-690
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• 2010

This essay attempts to read Percy Bysshe Shelley s The Mask of Anarchy by attending to a political agenda that Shelley seeks to propose and embody in the poem. This poem was written as a response to an exceptional political event, the Peterloo Massacre, and thus it is evident that Shelley intended to engage in contemporary politics by writing this poem. As many critics have pointed out, however, the way in which this poem addresses social, plitical issues is ambivalent and even confusing, since it contains many elements that contradict each other, and sometimes its political visions are based on incoherent conceptions. For this reason, this poem has been considered to be a failure as an occasional poem which should provide the reader with a clear direction for political actions. Faced with this critical problem, this essay proposes that the ambivalence this poem reveals-e.g., the confrontation between moderate artistic fantasy and radical tenets-is not a retreat from political activism, as some critics suggested, but a result of its creation and embodiment of a public sphere which invites various social classes and their positions. The mode in which Shelley conceives this unified public sphere in the course of writing The Mask of Anarchy can be interpreted in terms of the following three features. First, this poem underscores the significance of thoughts in constituting a communal space between people, thus asking the reader to participate in this process of thinking on given issues. Second, this poem suggests that people should enlighten each other by engaging in communicative reciprocations. Lastly, the public sphere formulated by the previous two features should incorporate various socio-political agents beyond class boundaries (even oppressors themselves) into its own working field. After explaining how these three features are manifested in the poem, this essay argues that the unified public sphere thus formed in the poem is the very agenda that Shelley aims to propose for the contemporaneous politics and culture. As a conclusion, this essay highlights how Shelley s project of creating a unified public sphere finally failed in contemporary history through observing two contrasting receptions of Shelley s works.