• 정보관리학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.213-232
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• 2005

본 고의 목적은 초등학생용 독서자료의 텍스트수준에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 규명하여 텍스트수준 측정 공식을 구성함으로써 텍스트의 수준 평가를 자동화하는 데에 있다. 컴퓨터로 계량화할 수 있는 언어적 요인들을 대상으로 표본집단에 부여된 텍스트수준 점수와의 상관관계를 검토한 결과 글자수, 어절수, 이형어절수, 문장수, 단락수 요인이 텍스트수준을 결정하는 요인으로 드러났다. 단순회귀분석을 통해 도출된 회귀방정식들 중에서 이형어절수 모형이 최적의 공식으로 드러났으나, 중회귀분석을 한 결과 이형어절수요인과 새 어절출현비율요인을 결합한 모형은 설명력이 더욱 향상된 공식으로 밝혀졌다. 공식에 따라 측정된 텍스트수준 점수는 학년 내에서 매우 세분된 단계까지 나타내고 있으므로 각 학생별로 그들의 독서능력에 적합한 자료를 추천할 수 있다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to examine whether key audit matters (KAMs) readability influences investor reaction. Research design, data, and methodology: The signaling theory was applied to explain the behavior of investors when they receive useful information for their decisions. Data were collected from 1,866 firm-year observations from Thai listed companies in both the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET) and the Market for Alternative Investment (MAI) for the fiscal years of 2016-2019. The study was based on secondary data, which were collected from the SET Market Analysis and Reporting Tool (SETSMART) database and the Stock Exchange of Thailand's website (www.set.or.th). A statistical regression method was used with panel data analysis to evaluate possible associations between KAMs readability and investor reaction. The study relied on popular readability measures (Fog Index). Moreover, investor reaction was measured by absolute cumulative abnormal return and abnormal trading volume. Results: It was found that the KAMs readability has positive significance on both absolute cumulative abnormal return and abnormal trading volume. Conclusion: This study showed a significant contribution to the implication of KAMs in an emerging economy. The results reveal that more readable KAMs disclosure distributed new insights and useful information to investors and led to reducing the information gap between auditors and investors.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제18권36호
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• pp.71-82
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• 1995

The readability and the visuability are very significant when the letters or figures are displayed as static visual information. Not only is the beauty of the body type character(small letters) important but the display type character(large letters) should also be read easily, quickly and precisely. The issue regarding the readability in terms of perception of information has been raised continuously for all kinds of small signage and billboard, etc., which are written in display type within our everyday life. Among the various kinds of small signage and billboards the car licence plate is well known. Among all the possible factors that would have made an impact on the readability of licence plate, this paper focused on the effects of arrangement of character(letters and figures) and contrast of colors for the readability of licence plate using the within-subject analysis. The statistical analysis results in error reading rate, the character arrangement were significant but the color contrast(green/white, white/green, blue/white, white/blue, black/yellow) was not, No interaction was found.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.51-61
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• 2007

This paper concerns about the requirement analysis for night vision imaging system(NVIS), whose purpose is to intensify the available nighttime near infrared(IR) radiation sufficiently to be caught by the human eyes on a miniature green phosphor screen. The requirements for NVIS are NVIS radiance(NR), chromaticity, daylight legibility/readability, etc. The NR is a quantitative measure of night vision goggle (NVG) compatibility of a light source as viewed through goggles. The chromaticity is the quality of a color as determined by its purity and dominant wavelength. The daylight legibility/readability is the degree at which words are readable based on appearance and a measure of an instrument's ability to display incremental changes in its output value. In this paper, the requirements of NR, chromaticity, and daylight legibility/readability for Type I and Class B/C NVIS are analyzed. Also the rationale is shown with respect to those requirements.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.543-552
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• 2022

This study compared and analyzed with the United States(USA) to evaluated the level of readability of radiotherapy information (English text) provide to foreign patients with cancer by medical institutions in South Korea (KOR). A total of 20 the KOR and USA medical hospitals in 10 each provide information for radiation therapy technology were selected. The readability was comparatively analyzed a total of three aspects (lexical, syntactic, cohesion and readability) by using a Coh-Metrix on-line web program. In readability respect, the mean of the Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) was lower in the KOR (8.3) than in the USA (23.2), Flesch-Kincaid grade level (FKGL) was higher in the KOR than in the USA (14.2) indicating that KOR was less readable than the US (p<.05). In both KOR and USA, the reading level (literacy) of the English text for the radiation therapy was found to be higher than high school (FRE level 50 or lower). Therefore, text information in English for the radiation therapy to foreign patients with cancer should be lowered to elementary school level and read to improve the quality of medical services.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.5237-5242
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• 2016

Background: Cancer screening rates are lower in Japan than those in western countries. Health professionals publish procancer screening messages on the internet to encourage audiences to undergo cancer screening. However, the information provided is often difficult to read for lay persons. Further, anti-cancer screening activists warn against cancer screening with messages on the Internet. We aimed to assess and compare the readability of pro- and anti-cancer screening online messages in Japan using a measure of readability. Methods: We conducted web searches at the beginning of September 2016 using two major Japanese search engines (Google.jp and Yahoo!.jp). The included websites were classified as "anti", "pro", or "neutral" depending on the claims, and "health professional" or "non-health professional" depending on the writers. Readability was determined using a validated measure of Japanese readability. Statistical analysis was conducted using two-way ANOVA. Results: In the total 159 websites analyzed, anti-cancer screening online messages were generally easier to read than pro-cancer screening online messages, Messages written by health professionals were more difficult to read than those written by non-health professionals. Claim ${\times}$ writer interaction was not significant. Conclusion: When health professionals prepare pro-cancer screening materials for publication online, we recommend they check for readability using readability assessment tools and improve text for easy comprehension when necessary.

• 과학교육연구지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.317-325
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• 2021

본 연구는 2015 개정 초등과학 교과서의 이독성을 분석하여 어휘 및 문장의 수준을 확인하고, 추후 교과서를 집필하는 과정에서 학년별로 적절한 수준의 이독성을 갖는 어휘와 문장을 사용할 수 있는 계기를 마련하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 2015 개정 초등과학 교과서의 이독성을 측정하고, 과학 용어를 정의하는 문장 및 이해를 돕는 문장의 이독성을 어휘와 문장 수준에서 분석한 후, 학년별 수준 분석과 함께 이전 교과서의 이독성과 비교하였다. 연구 대상의 선정은 연구자를 포함한 교직 경력 10년 이상의 교사 3인의 협의를 거쳐 실시하였다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 어휘의 등급 평균은 1.5~2.1 수준으로 초등학생 수준에 적합한 어휘가 사용되고 있었으나 4학년의 경우 4~5등급 어휘가 비교적 높은 비율로 분포되어 있었다. 2015 개정 과학 교과서 3, 6학년 용어 정의 부분의 이독성은 이전 교육과정 과학 교과서의 어휘 이독성보다 낮았지만, 타 교과와는 비슷하거나 낮은 수준을 유지하고 있었다. 둘째, 3, 5학년의 문장 수준은 4, 6학년과 달리 문장 길이가 비교적 길고 단문의 비율이 낮아 문장 수준 이독성이 낮았다. 특히 2015 개정 교육과정 3학년 교과서의 용어 정의 부분의 평균 어휘 수와 단문 비율은 매우 낮은 문장 수준 이독성을 보이고 있어 개선이 필요하다. 셋째, 타 교육과정 교과서의 이독성과 비교할 때, 어휘 수준의 이독성은 적절하지만 3학년 과학 교과서의 경우 문장 당 어휘 수와 복문의 비율이 높아 이독성이 낮았다. 또한 쉬운 어휘의 사용과 함께 문장의 길이를 짧게 하여 이독성을 높이기 위한 노력은 계속되어야 할 것이다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.103-112
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• 2022

This study aims to obtain empirical evidence regarding the link between tax avoidance (TA) and the readability of financial statements. This is a quantitative research using Ordinary Least Squares regression analysis which is then processed using STATA 14.0. A total of 278 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2017-2019 is the data of this study. In detecting TA in a company, this study uses the ETR and CashETR and for the measurement of financial statement readability, this study uses gunning fog index and length of the document. The findings of this study suggest that tax avoidance and clear financial statements are mutually exclusive in the sense that when tax avoidance is practiced, companies will tend to conceal the information conveyed by financial statements. In other words, it is concluded that the more a company engages in tax avoidance, the lower the readability of the company's financial statements. This study provides in-depth evidence that tax avoidance is indirectly related to the disclosure of information by the company. Users of financial statements will realize that the company seeks to make disclosures that are in their best interests to avoid their tax avoidance strategy being detected.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.251-259
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• 2014

Outdoor cultural properties have been damaged by natural weathering and air pollution for a long time. For this reason, there are many characteristics it is hard to decipher some carved inscription on the surface of damaged outdoor cultural properties. Until now, Rubbed copy has been widely used to decode engraved inscription. A investigation for epigraph has been made by the rubbing that has resulted in a lower resolution from the viewpoints of extraction process and used materials. Rubbing's results are not satisfied in the damaged inscriptions which are weathered by natural environment and pollution for a long time and in the narrowed one. The main analysis presented in this paper is a cross section analysis method using 3d scanning technique for epigraph not read. Cross section analysis is a study on readability improvement method for ancient inscription of irregularity monument surface. Cross section analysis confirms information that separated the inscription information of monument and the ground information to read a ancient inscription and decode the inscription information. The proposed character identification method contributed to decoding an ancient inscription on Silla Monument in Jungseong-ri of Pohang.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.116-124
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• 2022

본 연구의 목적은 초등학교 5, 6학년 영어 교과서에 수록된 읽기 지문의 이독성을 분석하여 학년 간 수직적 연계성과 출판사 간 수평적 연계성을 살펴보는 것이다. 이를 위해 10종의 교과서에 수록된 읽기 지문을 코퍼스로 구축한 후, Coh-Metrix를 통해 각 교과서에 수록된 읽기 지문의 이독성을 분석하였다. 또한 일원배치 분산분석을 통해 산출된 이독성에 학년 간, 출판사 간에 통계적으로 유의한 수준의 차이가 있는지 살펴보았다. 이를 통해 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 동일 학년 내 읽기 지문의 출판사간 난이도 차이를 분석하여 수평적 연계성을 살펴본 결과 RDL2 지수에서 5학년 교과서간에 유의한 차이가 있었다. 둘째, 출판사 내에서의 학년 간 수직적 연계성을 분석한 결과 FRE와 FKGL 기준으로 교과서 A의 난이도가 5학년에 비해 6학년에서 높았으며, 이는 통계적으로 유의한 수준의 차이였다. 반면 RDL2를 기준으로 했을 경우 교과서 B의 난이도가 5학년에 비해 6학년에서 더 낮아지는 결과를 보았다. 이러한 결과는 FRE와 FKGL은 문장 길이와 단어 길이 중심으로 이독성을 산출하는 반면, RDL2는 내용어 중복, 단어 빈도 수, 문장의 통사적 유사성 등을 기초로 하고 있기 때문으로 보인다.