• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.295-301
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• 2012

This paper deals with the design of robust DSMC (Discrete-Time Sliding Mode Control) scheme in order to overcome system uncertainty in steering system with mechanically joined structure. The proposed control scheme is one of robust control schemes based on system dynamics. Therefore, system dynamics required is not obtained from physical law but SCM (Signal Compression Method) through experiment in order to avoid complicate mathematical development and save time. However, SCM has a shortcoming that is the limitation of with $2^{nd}$ order linear model which does not include the dynamic of high-frequency band. Thus, considering system uncertainty, DSMC is designed. In addition, to reduce the chattering problem of DSMC, DSMC is derived from the reaching law and the Lyapunov stability condition. It is found that the proposed control scheme has robustness in spite of the perturbation of system uncertainty through computer simulation.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.79-101
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• 2012

In 2010, the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) initiated work on the settlement of disputes in international e-commerce through online dispute resolution (ODR). The basic goal is to use ODR to resolve disputes with low value but high volume in international e-commerce. The background is that consumers have no way to solve their legal problems in this area. An ODR system is intended to create a new way to enforce their rights. However, the legal situations of the countries in the e-commerce sector, particularly in consumer protection, are very diverse. Thus, no reasonable model for conflict resolution is available. Some countries consider this as public policy and want absolute protection of their consumers. Other countries want to encourage freer e-commerce trading. This diversity of consumer protection policy is an obstacle to ODR. However, sooner or later, reaching an agreement is feasible because each representative is making a reasonable effort to reach the goal.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.139-163
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• 2008

The Collective Dispute Mediation was introduced to Korea with complement the Verbandsklage which was said to be poor at monetary compensation for consumers' damages. and The Collective Dispute Mediation also seems very likely to the class action, but one can resolve the dispute before filing a law suit under the Collective Dispute Mediation. The validity of the Collective Dispute Mediation is the same as the "settlement in court". After reaching the Collective Dispute Mediation, one may have a right to ask the compulsory execution. Under the Collective Dispute Mediation the damaged party must take part directly in the dispute, because the Collective Dispute Mediation is also included in the dispute resolution. Therefore a problem that how can the damaged consumer, who do not directly take part in the dispute process, get the remedy alternatively may arise. However, this problem is solved by Compensation Plan Letter which is described in the "Framework Act on Consumer". By the Compensation Plan Letter, the person who do not directly take part in the dispute process can be remedied ex post facto(Article 68). This thesis is study on The Function and Task of Collective Dispute Mediation in the Framework Act on Consumer in our state.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제13권
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• pp.257-281
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• 2000

The world economy is becoming increasingly globalized. The globalization has resulted in far reaching agreements to deepen trade liberalization and enlarge its scope to cover new areas in addition to strengthening its supporting institutional base. Economic growth has developed international trade which has accelerated the development of international carriage of goods in 21st century. The international trade is basically founded on the contract of international sale of goods and backed up by the contract of international carriage of goods and the insurance on the goods carried. It is essential to incorporate each other sections for the efficient development of international trade. As a result of rapid expansion of international carriage of goods, rationalization of transport was required, which has brought about the International Multimodal Transport System through containerization. The approach to liability system will be a right way to solve the insurance problems for the development and enlargement of world trade volume. International multimodal transport system has affected international trade a lot, especially the field of insurance a grate deal. This paper is to analyze contents of liability system on Multimodal Transport with in the UN Convention on International Multimodal Transport of goods.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.357-369
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• 2020

Different from the conventional planar fracture and simplified Newton model, for power-law slurries with a lower water-cement ratio commonly used in grouting engineering, flow model in geological rough fractures is built based on ten standard profiles from Barton (1977) in this study. The numerical algorithm is validated by experimental results. The flow mechanism, grout superiority, and water plugging of pseudo plastic slurry are revealed. The representations of hydraulic grouting properties for JRCs are obtained. The results show that effective plugging is based on the mechanical mechanisms of the fluctuant structural surface and higher viscosity at the middle of the fissure. The formulas of grouting parameters are always variable with the roughness and shear movement, which play a key role in grouting. The roughness can only be neglected after reaching a threshold. Grouting pressure increases with increasing roughness and has variable responses for different apertures within standard profiles. The whole process can be divided into three stationary zones and three transition zones, and there is a mutation region (10 < JRCs < 14) in smaller geological fractures. The fitting equations of different JRCs are obtained of power-law models satisfying the condition of -2 < coefficient < 0. The effects of small apertures and moderate to larger roughness (JRCs > 10.8) on the permeability of surfaces cannot be underestimated. The determination of grouting parameters depends on the slurry groutability in terms of its weakest link with discontinuous streamlines. For grouting water plugging, the water-cement ratio, grouting pressure and grouting additives should be determined by combining the flow conditions and the apparent widths of the main fracture and rough surface. This study provides a calculation method of grouting parameters for variable cement-based slurries. And the findings can help for better understanding of fluid flow and diffusion in geological fractures.

• 철학연구
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• 제144권
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• pp.1-15
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• 2017

이미 삼천 년 전, 춘추(春秋)시대에 중국 철학자들은 형이상학에 관해 논의했다. 고대 중국 철학자들은 '형이상'의 문제를 '도(道)'라고 하였고, 이와 구분하여 구체적인 사물을 '기(器)'라고 하였다. 그리고 '도'의 의미로서 '길', '법칙', '진리' 등의 의미가 파생되어 나왔다. 이에 중국의 전통문화는 무형적인 이른바 '도' 문화의 특색을 지니게 되었다. 그 중에서 선진(先秦)시대의 유가와 도가의 '도'는 동한(東漢)시대에 고인도(古印度)로부터 전래된 불가의 '도'와 함께 가장 많은 영향을 끼쳤으며, 2천년 동안 절대 다수의 중국인들의 가치관, 도덕표준, 사유형식에 있어서 3가지 무형의 역량을 이루게 되었다. 이 글은 중국 '도' 문화의 형성 과정을 개괄적으로 설명하고, 그 주요 정신이 유가는 자득(自得), 도가는 자연(自然), 불가는 자재(自在)에 있음을 해명하였다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1997년도 하계학술대회 논문집 F
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• pp.2174-2176
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• 1997

The purpose of this paper is to improve tracking performance for an EMS system using variable structure control. To improve current control of characteristics and to reduce chattering, a reaching law is applied. A disturbance observer using sliding observer is designed to compensate the influence of disturbances. This observer compensates modelling uncertainty and steady state error as well as external disturbance. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is demonstrated by experiments

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.38-46
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• 2002

A new semi-continuous sliding mode control is proposed for electromagnetic suspension systems. The control input is derived from the reaching law and the Lyapunov stability criteria, which is composed of continuous terms and low switching term. It has a low switching gain and chattering fee characteristics. It is shown by the computer simulation that the proposed control has good tracking performance and robustness compared with the classical sliding mode control.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.569-587
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• 2013

This paper evaluates the closed loop performance of the reaching law based discrete sliding mode controller with multisensor data fusion (MSDF) in real time, by controlling the first two vibrating modes of a piezo actuated structure. The vibration is measured using two homogeneous piezo sensors. The states estimated from sensors output are fused. Four fusion algorithms are considered, whose output is used to control the structural vibration. The controller is designed using a model identified through linear Recursive Least Square (RLS) method, based on ARX model. Improved vibration suppression is achieved with fused data as compared to single sensor. The experimental evaluation of the closed loop performance of sliding mode controller with data fusion applied to piezo actuated structure is the contribution in this work.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1987년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집; 한국과학기술대학, 충남; 16-17 Oct. 1987
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• pp.41-46
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• 1987

A new control scheme is developed to achieve fast and accurate decoupled tracking for an n-Joint robotic manipulator In the Presence of disturbances and unknown Parameter variations. The control system is designed so that a new type of state trajectories called sliding mode may exist in a phase plane. In order to remove the reaching Phase and high frequency chattering phenomenon which ate the common shortcomings of variable structure control(VSC) scheme, this paper presents the new switching line which is composed of three segments and the continuous control law which is derived from the existence condition of a sliding mode. The Proposed methods in this Paper are applied to a 3-Joint robotic manipulator as a numerical example-The digital simulation results which are compared with those of typical VSC scheme show the validity of accurate tracking capability and robust Performance of the system.