• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.250-257
• /
• 2016

Abiotic stresses such as drought and low temperature critically restrict plant growth, reproduction, and productivity. Higher plants have developed various defense strategies against these unfavorable conditions. CaPUB1 (Capsicum annuum Putative U-box protein 1) is a hot pepper U-box E3 Ub ligase. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants that constitutively expressed CaPUB1 exhibited drought-sensitive phenotypes, suggesting that it functions as a negative regulator of the drought stress response. In this study, CaPUB1 was over-expressed in rice (Oryza sativa L.), and the phenotypic properties of transgenic rice plants were examined in terms of their drought and cold stress tolerance. Ubi:CaPUB1 T3 transgenic rice plants displayed phenotypes hypersensitive to dehydration, suggesting that its role in the negative regulation of drought stress response is conserved in dicot Arabidopsis and monocot rice plants. In contrast, Ubi:CaPUB1 progeny exhibited phenotypes markedly tolerant to prolonged low temperature ($4^{\circ}C$) treatment, compared to those of wild-type plants, as determined by survival rates, electrolyte leakage, and total chlorophyll content. Cold stress-induced marker genes, including DREB1A, DREB1B, DREB1C, and Cytochrome P450, were more up-regulated by cold treatment in Ubi:CaPUB1 plants than in wild-type plants. These results suggest that CaPUB1 serves as both a negative regulator of the drought stress response and a positive regulator of the cold stress response in transgenic rice plants. This raises the possibility that CaPUB1 participates in the cross-talk between drought and low-temperature signaling pathways.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.29 no.10 s.241
• /
• pp.1298-1306
• /
• 2005

In this paper, Part II, we realized the Serpentine Laminating Micromirer (SLM) which was proposed in the accompanying paper, Part I, by means of the injection molding process in mass production. In the SLM, the higher level of chaotic mixing can be achieved by combining two general chaotic mixing mechanisms of splitting/recombination and chaotic advection by the successive arrangement of 'F'-shape mixing units in two layers. Mold inserts for the injection molding process of the SLM were fabricated by SU-8 photolithography and nickel electroplating. The SLM was realized by injection molding of COC (cyclic olefin copolymer) with the fabricated mold inserts and thermal bonding of two injection molded COC substrates. To compare the mixing performance, a T-type micromixer was also fabricated. Mixing performances of micromixers were experimentally characterized in terms of an average mixing color intensity of a pH indicator, phenolphthalein. Experimental results show that the SLM has much better mixing performance than the I-type micromixer and chaotic mixing was successfully achieved from the SLM over the wide range of Reynolds number (Re). The chaotic micromixer, SLM proposed in this study, could be easily integrated in Micro-Total-Analysis- System , Lab-on-a-Chip and so on.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.14 no.9
• /
• pp.503-512
• /
• 2014

The study is based on the serious environmental problems occurring these days to acknowledge the consumers awareness and preference according with the coordination using recycled materials in the dining space. As the result, considered the consumers had lack in recognition of using recycled materials when they tried to use them in their normal daily life. Also the females were far more interested than the males with the usage of the recycled materials inside the restaurant and its interior image along with married persons had more positive attitude towards it than the unmarried ones. With education back ground, highly educated peoples really quite didn't prefer the usage of the recycled materials. According with the income, the high earnings and with the occupation, the professionals with specialized jobs considered the practical use of aspects more important than above. Therefore the needs to educate and promote the consumers to use recycled materials in their every day lives, it is required to build social responsibility and finding the essential meanings to save resources so that they can utilize them with converted recognitions.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.251-261
• /
• 2017

Initially, we screened 18 Aspergillus sojae-like strains from Aspergillus spp. isolated from meju (Korean traditional fermented soybean brick) according to their morphological characteristics. Because members of Aspergillus section Flavi are often incorrectly identified because of their phylogenetic similarity, we re-identified these strains at the morphological and molecular genetic levels. Fourteen strains were finally identified as A. sojae. The isolates produced protease and ${\alpha}-amylase$ with ranges of 2.66-10.64 and 21.53-106.73 unit/g-initial dry substrate (U/g-IDS), respectively, which were equivalent to those of the koji (starter mold) strains employed to produce Japanese soy sauce. Among the isolates and Japanese koji strains, strains SMF 127 and SMF 131 had the highest leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) activities at 6.00 and 6.06 U/g-IDS, respectively. LAP plays an important role in flavor development because of the production of low-molecular-weight peptides that affect the taste and decrease bitterness. SMF 127 and SMF 131 appeared to be non-aflatoxigenic because of a termination point mutation in aflR and the lack of the polyketide synthase gene found in other A. sojae strains. In addition, SMF 127 and SMF 131 were not cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) producers because of the deletion of maoA, dmaT, and pks/nrps, which are involved in CPA biosynthesis. Therefore, A. sojae strains such as SMF 127 and SMF 131, which have high protease and LAP activities and are free of safety issues, can be considered good starters for soybean fermentations, such as in the production of the Korean fermented soybean products meju, doenjang, and ganjang.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.269-287
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this study is discussing the applicability of a logic model as a mean measuring library outcomes. For a case study, this paper suggested a full framework for Reading Academy, a reading program for children and adolescents. Among the outcomes composing of the framework, medium-term outcomes were analyzed by manipulating the data the library have in its database. The findings say what the output evaluation could not show. In terms of book circulation, this program positively influenced to 52 percent of participants. Additionally, some participants joined reading book clubs after the program and some were likely to read books in various topics. This program, however, didn't make a positive impact on its re-attendance and other cultural programs' attendance. These findings indicate that the logic model contributes in the field of library outcomes and values.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.216-228
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study was to clarify the level of knowledge and the attitude about AIDS. according to high school students demographics. and the AIDS education effects in a week or 6 months. The data were surveyed from 74 bounding for university high school students and 98 vocational high school students from two counties in Chonnam. The data were collected from November 5. 1999 to May 24. 2000. using a 50-item Questionnaire. and analyzed by SPSS PC+ program for t-test. ANOVA, Repeated measure ANOVA, Duncan test. $x^2-test$ and pearson correlation coefficients. The result of study summarized as follows : 1. The knowledge score for AIDS was significantly higher in the group bounding for university. in the second grade group and the group who have drunken experience. The positive attitude score for AIDS was significantly higher in the group who have smoked experience. 2. After 1 week of AIDS education. the knowledge score for AIDS(15.02 points) was significantly higher than the one before the education(10.85 points) but after 6 months of AIDS education. the knowledge score for AIDS(12.30 points) was significantly lower than in a week(F=55.49. p=.000). 3. After 1 week of AIDS education. the positive attitude score for AIDS(3.54 points) was significantly higher than the one before the education(3.35 points) and after 6 months of AIDS education. the positive attitude score for AIDS was same the one in a week(F=7.85. p=.000). 4. We could find the significant correlation between the knowledge and the attitude for AIDS just only in a week(r=.249. p=.001). In conclusion. the knowledge score for AIDS had increased in a week of education on AIDS but it had decreased as time goes by since education. The increased positive attitude for AIDS in a week has maintained the same as time goes by since education. Therefore. It should be needed re-education on AIDS to students at proper time in order to get the aim of AIDS education. We have to develop variety education methods for educational effects. It should be included comprehensive social aspect such as a question of personal rights to increase the positive attitude for AIDS.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.25-33
• /
• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate accuracy of glass fiber mesh complete denture of before and after curing. Methods: Edentulous model was selected as the master model. Ten study models were made by Type IV stone. Wax complete dentures were produced by the denture base and artificial teeth. CD and GD groups were measured six measurement distance before curing. The wax complete denture was investment after measurement is completed. Using a heat polymerization resin was injected resin. After injecting the resin it was curing. A complete denture was re-measured after curing. The measured data was verified by paired t-test. Results: Overall CD group was larger the value of the measured length. In the CD group, A-D point was larger. The smallest point was the B-D point. However, there was no statistically significant difference only C-D point(p>0.05). In the GD group, A-B point was larger. but B-D point was the smallest. A-D and B-C statistically points showed significant differences(p<0.05). Conclusion: Glass fiber mesh resin complete denture can be clinically applied to the edentulous patient.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.137-149
• /
• 1994

This study was performed to investigate the relationship between Forward Head Posture(FHP) and Craniomandlbular Disorders(CMDs). Many studies reported that there was some relationship between them, however, there is still controversy. So It Is necessary to observe and compare many more patients with CMDs wirh normal controls. For the study 85 patients with CMDs and 37 dental students were selected as experimentals and controls, respectively. And the experimentals were classified Into two groups, that is, TMJ internal derangement group and muscle disorders group according to clinical diagnosis. For measuring the FHP, CROM(Cervical-Range-of-Notion)was used. This goniometer is composed of three part. First, gravity goniometer for flexion and extension. Second, magnetic compass and yoke for rotational movement. And last, forward head arm and vertebra locator for forward head posture. Next T-Scan, electronic occlusal analyzer, was used for recording of occlusal contact state. Other items such as maximum opening, lateral excursion, Helkimo's anamnestic index, and muscle palpation point from Friction's craniomandibular index were checked clinically by one examiner. The result of this study were as follows : 1. In male, control group showed much more measurement in resting forward head posture than did experimental group. But there were not significant differences between groups in female subject. From this results, the author contended that CROM is new measuring system and differ from other goniometers in some aspect, so that results should be re-evaluated 2. Mean value of maximum mouth opening in nearly all groups were greater than 40mm. and mouth opening had a significant correlation with occlusal force and with anamnestic index both sex. 3. Mean value of palpation point had not any correlationship with forward head posture in both sex, but there was significant difference between upper and lower group by rounded shouldes. 4. In summary, there was no significant relationship between forward head posture and sign and symptom of Craniomandibular Disorders.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.55-68
• /
• 1987

This study was conducted to assess the knowledge and attitudes toward nutrition and behavior of mothers by using 30-item nutrition knowledge test and questionnaire. Results were summarized as follows; 1. Nutrition knowledge 1) The average score of nutrition knowledge and perceived knowledge were respectively 18.0, 26.0(the highest marks 30) and the accuracy of the knowledge was 68.4%. Knowledge about energy and nutrients scored lower marks than food composition and disease. 2) Nutrition knowledge had significant correlation with age, education level and total income. With increasing education level, total income and decreasing age, nutrition knowledge score were getting higher. 2. Attitudes about nutrition 1) Most important sources of nutrition information were by order of radio, T.V., newspapers, megazines and neighbors. 2) 56.2 percent of mothers said that they do meal planning and the greatest mian concern which had influence on meal planning was their hauband.(62.1%) 3) Among the mothers who responded 43.8 percent reported that they bring shopping list with them. 4) 72.6 percent of them wanted to participate re-education. 3. Food behavior 1) Most of mothers(93.1%) used instant food, regarding the reason for using instant food, 67.3 percent of them responded that is is convinient for cooking and 27.8 percent responded that it is for their familys' perference. 2) Mothers who had higher education level, tend to regard nutrition as the most important thing to cook, and with lower education level, they care more about taste. 3) Supper was the most main meal among three males of day.(75.9%) 4) 53.4 percent of mothers said they eat bread as a meal. This study provided baseline data for planning nutrition education programming for mothers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.65 no.2
• /
• pp.105-124
• /
• 2015

This research was started to study how the design identity of an overseas fashion house was formed, changed and connected. For the purpose of the study, Saint Laurent House was selected as the subject of the study, because it began as a couture house and launched the $pr\hat{e}t-\grave{a}-porter$ for the first time among the designer brands, and also contributed to the development of modern women's fashion. Literature survey on related books and papers was performed to study the Saint Laurent House. Then, fashion collection photos of the house from 1962 SS to 2014 SS were collected to analyze and compare the features of the designs. The photos were collected from related books, fashion magazines and internet sites. The results are as follows: The features of Yves Saint Laurent's early designs were contemporarily sensational with their couture tradition. His representative designs including Le Smoking, Pea Coat, Loose Fit Blouse, Safari Look, Jumpsuit, Ethnic Look and Art Look became the signature looks of the Saint Laurent House. His designs expressed the liberation of sex, multi-cultural sensitivity and the fusion of art and fashion. His successor, chief designer Tom Ford designed with strong sensitivity of his own. He dealt with Yves Saint Laurent's design themes and signature looks in sensual as well as trendy and sophisticated way. Stefano Pilati showed the Parisienne chic and elegance. He re-made the legacies of Yves Saint Laurent with his own design style using new materials or cutting technique. Hedi Slimane reinterpreted the signature looks of the house with his rock' n roll mood for young, modern women while reflecting the spirit of Yves Saint Laurent's early stage. In conclusion, the design identity of Saint Laurent House is not just a fixed one. By the subsequent chief designers, the signature items and design spirit of Yves Saint Laurent have been succeeded, reintroduced or changed to be trendy and to reflect the designers' design sensitivity. All of these make and maintain the design identity of the fashion house.