• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제13호
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• pp.130-138
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• 1997

This study is to present the visual phenomenon of natural light in the interior space. The continuously changing natural light define the visual phenomenon of the architectural space. First, the objective of this study was finding the importance of the visual phenomena which were generated from correlating natural right with the interior space. And the second was to categorize the factors of the visual phenomenon which can be useful factors for modern interior design practice. As a result of this study, two visual phenomena were classified. First; territorial phenomenon: dividing, partitioning, and sectioning by natural light, Second; phenomena by the inflow methods of natural light; a) by direct inflow; transparency, expansion, and floating, b) by filtering fixtures; the architectural structure, color, and the transluscent material, c) by dramatic spacial present of natural light, d) by the sense of direction of naturel light; continuity, and transformatiov. Found and classified each factor is not presented by itself, rather compounded forms. Because of the limited analysis of modern buildings, these found visual factors can not represent all phenomena. But if we practice these finding factors to design present interior space, it is sure of being very valuable factors to re-introduce the overlooked natural light into interior space.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.83-91
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• 2020

Language Models such as BERT has been an important factor of deep learning-based natural language processing. Pre-training the transformer-based language models would be computationally expensive since they are consist of deep and broad architecture and layers using an attention mechanism and also require huge amount of data to train. Hence, it became mandatory to do fine-tuning large pre-trained language models which are trained by Google or some companies can afford the resources and cost. There are various techniques for fine tuning the language models and this paper examines three techniques, which are data augmentation, tuning the hyper paramters and partly re-constructing the neural networks. For data augmentation, we use no-answer augmentation and back-translation method. Also, some useful combinations of hyper parameters are observed by conducting a number of experiments. Finally, we have GRU, LSTM networks to boost our model performance with adding those networks to BERT pre-trained model. We do fine-tuning the pre-trained korean-based language model through the methods mentioned above and push the F1 score from baseline up to 89.66. Moreover, some failure attempts give us important lessons and tell us the further direction in a good way.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.171-177
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• 2016

Plate heat exchangers have been widely used in various fields because of their high heat transfer coefficients, small area of installation, and ease of maintenance compared to other heat exchangers. However, when plate heat exchanger is used for a long time, leak can occur due to inner crack. Therefore, it is important to understand the inner flow characteristics in plate heat exchangers. In this study, the inner flow characteristics and flow rate of plate heat exchanger were evaluated using various flow directions, pin-hole sizes, and Reynolds numbers. In downflow, initially most water flowed to the opposite of the inlet due to distribution region. Then it gradually had a uniform distribution due to chevron configuration. In upflow, it had a uniform flow consistently due to the dominant gravity effect. As the Reynolds number increased, the leak rate was decreased due to the inertia effect regardless of the flow direction.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2020

For form stability of membrane structures, membrane material is required to be in tension. Therefore, in planning and maintenance management, the engineer should consider enough about introduction of stress during construction and re-introduction of stress after completion. Clamping part is an important portion with the function for introducing tension into membrane materials, and the function to transmit stress to boundary structures, such as steel frames. Then, the purpose of this research is to clarify stress condition and stress transfer mechanism including clamping part of membrane structures, and to grasp the changing tendency of membrane structures with the passage of time. In this research, following previous one, we perform well-balanced evaluation by conducting tensile fractured tests of clamping part's specimens, and by measuring individually the amount of displacement of not only overall specimen's length but membrane material and clamping part. Thereby, we consider the influence the difference in the hardness of edge rope and the difference in the direction of thread affect modification and fracture load.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2008

The rapid industrialization since the 1960s has caused considerable changes in the appearance of Korean cities. The huge demand and cityward tendency derived from the increase of population with such the expansion from 9 millions in 1960 to 43 millions in 2003, have resulted in number of problems such as the falling-off in the quality of life, amenity, and safety. And above all, the urban identities is not to be found obviously in the cities. With regard to these problems, the re-creation of cities should be emphasized to make environmental, economical, and social improvements and to restore human-oriented activities. In the course of making new improvements cities need to preserve the characteristics and maintain the concordance with their environments. In other words, the restoration of cities ought to be made in the aspect of continuity, which means the accession of genetic factors inherent in cities. In this background, concerning about the system on apartment house especially relating to environmentally sound restoration and comparing with that of Japan, this study proposes the direction needed in the development of urban space.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제37권8C호
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• pp.741-749
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• 2012

스마트폰 도입 이후 국내 무선인터넷 시장은 획기적으로 변화하여 왔다. 이에 따라 무선인터넷시장의 성장은 물론 무선데이터 트래픽 또한 기하급수적으로 증가하고 있다. 이러한 무선인터넷 시장 및 트래픽 증가 현상에 대해 다양한 찬반양론은 있으나, 무선인터넷 서비스 시장의 활성화는 그간 성장이 다소 정체되어 왔던 통신시장의 재도약의 발판을 마련하고 있는 것은 부정할 수 없는 사실이다. 이에 본 연구는 사건연구(Event Study) 방법론을 이용하여 망 전송 속도 및 네트워크 용량 확대에 따라 발생가능한 수요 패턴 중 하나인 유도된 수요(Induced Demand)가 LTE 도입에 따라 실제 통신시장에서도 발생하고 있는 지를 실증적으로 분석하고, 유도된 수요 발생에 따른 문제점 및 정책적 해결 방안을 제시하고자 한다.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 유체기계공업학회 2006년 제4회 한국유체공학학술대회 논문집
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• pp.445-448
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• 2006

The effects of surface roughness on a spatially-developing turbulent boundary layer (TBL) were investigated by performing direct numerical simulations of TBLs over rough and smooth walls. The Reynolds number based on the momentum thickness was varied in the range $Re_{\theta}=300{\sim}1400$. The roughness elements used were periodically arranged two-dimensional spanwise rods, and the roughness height was $k=1.5{\theta}_{in}$, which corresponds to $k/{\delta}=0.045{\sim}0.125$. To avoid generating a rough wall inflow, which is prohibitively difficult, a step change from smooth to rough was placed $80{\theta}_{in}$ downstream from the inlet. The spatially-developing characteristics of the rough-wall TBL were examined. Along the streamwise direction, the friction velocity approached a constant value and a self-preserving form of the turbulent stress was obtained. Introduction of the roughness elements affected the turbulent stress not only in the roughness sublayer but also in the outer layer. Despite the roughness-induced increase of the turbulent stress in the outer layer, the roughness had only a relatively small effect on the anisotropic Reynolds stress tensor in the outer layer. Inspection of the triple products of the velocity fluctuations revealed that introducing the roughness elements onto the smooth wall had a marked effect on vertical turbulent transport across the whole TBL. By contrast, good surface similarity in the outer layer was obtained for the third-order moments of the velocity fluctuations.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2002년도 학술대회지
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• pp.255-258
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• 2002

Liquid rocket engines using liquefied natural gas (LNG) or methane as a fuel is known to have several good characteristics, such as high specific impulse compared to other hydrocarbon fuels, environment-friendly exhaust gas, low production cost, and re-usability with low soot generation in the cooling channel. In this study, experimental combustion chambers capable of using LNC and $CH_{4}$ are being researched through experimental firing tests, and within easy range of eyes' inspection, there are the periodical existence of soot or discoloration in the chamber wall surface. This result means that mixture ratio of oxidizer and fuel fluctuates periodically between outer-row injectors in the mixing head in the circumferential direction. Therefore, based on this phenomenon, the variation of mixture ratio near the chamber wall caused by the spill pattern of a shear coaxial injector was analyzed quantitatively and the thermal heat flux Into the cooling channel is modified. Then, the calculated and modified results are compared with the measured ones.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2003

This study aims to review the present condition of human resources development in environment technology area and to explore the direction of human resources development plans, based on the results of a survey targeting experts in this area. Related papers & literatures are referred and a survey for experts' opinions are carried out. The survey was oriented to the importance and effectiveness of policies designed by Korea Ministry of environment. The main findings of this study are as follows; firstly, an emphasis should be put on generating professionals in charge of creating domestic demand for environmental purposes for promotion to make excellent environmental techniques being of practical use and help them go into businesses was turned out crucial; secondly, it is advised to upgrade the level of qualifications of environmental technicians by reforming into a graduate schoolcentered educational system on a human resource-rearing phase; thirdly, retraining should be provided by law to ensure the enhancement of re-educating the existing environmental technicians; fourth, efforts should be made to promptly develope new techniques and unify declining traditional items, deterring national technical qualification system oriented toward cultivating superintendents in the environment field.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.29-47
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• 2004

본고는 도서관 정보 서비스 및 이용자교육의 중요한 연구 영역인 도서관 불안에 관한 연구를 디지털 도서관 환경 측면에서 새로이 검토하였다. 특히 본 논문은 디지털 도서관이 활성화되기 전에 개발되어 현재까지 대부분의 도서관 불안 연구에서 측정도구로 사용된 Bostick(1992)의 도서관불안척도(Library Anxiety Scale: LAS)를 분석하면서 디지털 도서관 환경에서의 변화(예: 디지털 참고 정보봉사, 원격 이용의 증가, 서지교육에서 정보이용교육으로의 질적 전환 등)를 충분히 수용하지 못하고 있는 그 도구의 한계점을 파악한 후, 이 논의를 토대로 정보이용과 관련된 불안을 측정할 수 있는 새로운 도구개발의 필요성과 방향을 제시하고자 하였다.