• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.53 no.11
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• pp.795-803
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• 2015

A questionnaire-based survey was done to evaluate the patients' perception on the use of Rubber Dam (RD) for the tooth isolation during dental treatment. Total 106 questionnaire were gathered and the data were analyzed according to the patients' gender, age, previous experience of RD. The 96% of total patients reported no experience of RD in their previous treatment. The first advantage of RD was selected as the protection of irrigant and medication into the oral cavity and the disadvantage was selected as saliva gathering during treatment. 98% of patients want to use RD for the next treatment and 99% remarked that the RD is essential for the dental treatment. Based on the surveyed data, majority of the patients highly satisfied with the RD use and they want to use RD and may consider the use of RD for the selection of dental clinic.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.201-209
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• 2013

Ginsenoside, one of the active ingredients of Panax ginseng, has a variety of physiologic and pharmacologic effects. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of ginsenoside Rd (G-Rd) on melastatin type transient receptor potential 7 (TRPM7) channels with respect to the proliferation and survival of AGS and MCF-7 cells (a gastric and a breast cancer cell line, respectively). AGS and MCF-7 cells were treated with different concentrations of G-Rd, and caspase-3 activities, mitochondrial depolarizations, and sub-G1 fractions were analyzed to determine if cell death occurred by apoptosis. In addition, human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells overexpressing TRPM7 channels were used to confirm the role of TRPM7 channels. G-Rd inhibited the proliferation and survival of AGS and MCF-7 cells and enhanced caspase-3 activity, mitochondrial depolarization, and sub-G1 populations. In addition, G-Rd inhibited TRPM7-like currents in AGS and MCF-7 cells and in TRPM7 channel overexpressing HEK 293 cells, as determined by whole cell voltage-clamp recordings. Furthermore, TRPM7 overexpression in HEK 293 cells promoted G-Rd induced cell death. These findings suggest that G-Rd inhibits the proliferation and survival of gastric and breast cancer cells by inhibiting TRPM7 channel activity.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.50-54
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• 2011

In this article, the linearity of single power amplifier is improved by suppress $2^{nd}$ and $3^{rd}$ harmonics at output port of high power amplifier and by cancelling of $3^{rd}$ IMD. The matching network in order to suppress harmonics consists of metamaterial like the CRLH. The $2^{nd}$ and $3^{rd}$ harmonics are suppressed over 27 dBc, respectively. A phase of generated $3^{rd}$ IMD at output of DPA (drive power amplifier) has changed in order to offset the $3^{rd}$ IMD of HPA (high power amplifier). The harmonics of the proposed PAM suppress over 6 dB than single HPA. The PAM has a 36.98 dBm of the output power, 21.6 dB of the power gain and 29.4 % of the PAE. The harmonics is a -53 dBc about PAM. This result indicate that a harmonic level is lower 20 dB than reference power amplifier.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.887-896
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• 1995

In order to determine the efficacy of $Bayvarol^{(R)}$ strips(Bayer AG) against the mite Varroa jacobsoni and the safety of $Bayvarol^{(R)}$ strips in honey bees, a series of trials was carried out under field condition in autumn and spring. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The average varroacidal rate of $Bayvarol^{(R)}$ strips was 92.7% in autumn and 93.7% in spring. However the average varroacidal rats of treated control group was 73.8 % in autumn and 75.1 % in spring, and that of untreated control group was 12.1 % in autumn and 16.1 % in spring. 3. The average number of dead bees in $Bayvarol^{(R)}$ group was 13.0 in recommended dosage(RD), 12.3 in 2 times of RD and 14.0 in 4 times of 70 in autumn, and 19.7 in RD,17.0 in 2 times of RD and 19.0 in 4 times of RD in spring. However the average number of dead bees in treated control groups was 38.3 in RD, 62.7 in 2 times of RD and 60.3 in 4 times of RD in autumn and 18.0 in RD, 43.3 in 2 times of RD and 102 in 4 times of RD in spring and that of untreated control of group was 12.7 in autumn and 19.3 in spring. 3. The varroacidal effects and the number of dead bees of all groups were higher in spring than in autumn. 4. It was revealed that $Bayvarol^{(R)}$ were highly saft and effective varroacides for honey bees.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2013

In this present study, we determined the immunoregulatory activity of ginsenoside Rd extract from Panax ginseng. To determine the activity, we tested Rd against $CD4^+$ Th cells in a murine model of type 1 diabetes, which involves Th1-dominant immunity. The type 1 diabetes was caused by streptozotocin (STZ) and the severity of the diabetes was evaluated by measuring the degree of hyperglycemia, a major symptom of diabetes. The data resulting from experiments showed that ginsenoside Rd induced a greater level of Th1 type cytokines [IFN-${\gamma}$ & IL-2] than Th2 type [IL-4 & IL-10] (P<0.05), which was determined by cytokine profile analysis. In the animal model of diabetes, the depletion of $CD4^+$ Th cells by a treatment of anti-CD4 mAb resulted in considerably lower values of blood-glucose levels than those of the mAb-untreated mice, which indicates that the Th1 immune response from $CD4^+$ Th cells are responsible for diabetes. Based on these observations, the effect of Rd on diabetes was examined in the same animal model. Results showed that Rd-treated mice groups had increased levels of blood glucose compared to Rd-untreated mice groups that were used as a negative control (P<0.05). In other words, Rd aggravated the diabetes via the Th1 immune response. In conclusion, ginsenoside Rd had an immunoregulatory activity of Th1-dominant immunity.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.237-237
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• 2004

Parthenogenesis and culture condition are essential to intracytoplasmic sperm injection and cloning by nuclear transfer. This study investigated apoptosis and in vitro development of parthenogenetic preimplantation porcine embryos. 42∼44 h in vitro matured oocytes derived from a local abattoir were used. Apoptotic cell death was analyzed by using a terminal deoxynucleatidyl transferase mediated deoxyuridine 5-triphoshate nick-end labling (TUNEL) assay. (omitted)

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.220-220
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to development of transgenic cow using the nuclear transfer. To secrete hFSH in urea, the vector was constructed with UPII promoter. The fetal fibroblast cells (KbFF) were constructed from pregnant day 45 male fetus. The hFSH genes were cotransfected with pcDNA3 (neo) vector to KbFF cells by electroporation. (omitted)

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.291-291
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• 2004

Micromanipulation and fusion are essential to generate nuclear transfer embryos. In this process cytoplasmic damage is unavoidable. This study investigated the hypothesis that higher osmolarity than normal culture medium could help oocytes recover from cytoplasmic damage from micromanipulation and electric pulse. Oocytes derived from a local slaughter house were matured for 42 ∼ 44 h and enucleated. (omitted)

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.272-277
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• 1994

The damage of a thin film of Rd6G dye was probed by Surface Second-Harmonic Generation(SSHG) method. A portion of the Rd6G thin film on glass substrate was damaged by 532 nm laser beam, and the damage was probed by detecting intensity variation of SSHG. The result was confirmed through direct observation with optical microscope.oscope.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 2006

Unlike other viral polymerases, HCV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) has not been successfully inhibited by nucleoside analogues presumably due to its strong substrate specificity for RNA. Thus, in order to understand the RNA-specificity of HCV RdRp, the structural characteristics of the active site was investigated. The hereto unknown 2-OH binding pocket at the active site of RdRp provides invaluable implication for the development of novel anti-HCV nucleoside analogues.