• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.386-391
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• 2013

The dynamic characteristics of both raw-water source and air source heat pump utilized in water treatment facilities were investigated by using TRNSYS simulator. The modeling of the raw water source heat pump was verified by the measured data at the Cheongju water treatment facility, and the modeling at the air source heat pump was verified by the data from the Siheung water treatment facility. The average heating and cooling COPs from the raw-water source heat pump were higher than those of the air source heat pump by 19% and 18%, respectively. The power consumptions of the air source heat pump for the cooling and the heating were higher than those of the raw water source heat pump by 28% and 26%, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.1306-1313
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• 2020

The aims of this study were to determine the effects of Sapindus mukorossi fruit extracts (SME) on the anti-oxidant activity in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. The results showed that SME significantly reduced the production of ROS in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The expression of pro-inflammatory proteins including COX-2 and iNOS were also obviously inhibited by SME in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Further studies revealed that SME up-regulated HO-1 and Nrf2 expression. Additionally, SME increased phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3β. These results suggest that SME could attenuate oxidative stress by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.547-554
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• 2011

In small-scale water systems, the measurement of quality of raw water in running water is generally implemented when the quality of water is stable and frequency of measurement is low. However, units such as water temperature and pH, which are easily monitored, are frequently measured. In establishing an improvement plan for a water treatment system, the range of concentration of the target material present in the raw water of the running water provides relevant information. If the concentration of target material can be specified by the quality of water of data items that are measured daily, inverse estimation of the range of concentration is possible as well. In this paper, we took note of manganese in the raw water from Ogasawara-mura, Tokyo, and estimated the manganese concentration in the raw water of the running water for the past five years. Based on the results obtained, we have proposed a manganese removal system, considering the current situation and geographical conditions of Ogasawara-mura.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.83-97
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• 2012

In this paper, we consider a single-manufacturer single-buyer supply chain problem where a single manufacturer purchases and processes raw materials into a family of items in order to deliver a family of items to a single buyer at a fixed interval of time for effective implementation of Just-In-Time Purchasing. An integrated multi-item lot-splitting model of facilitating multiple shipments in small lots between buyer and manufacturer is developed in a JIT Purchasing environment. Previous research on the integrated model assumed that the manufacturer orders raw materials m (integer) times for every production run (lot multiplier policy for the raw material). In this paper, we consider a generalized policy in the replenishment of raw materials, allowing lot multiplier policy and lot splitting policy. An iterative solution procedure is developed to find the order interval for finished goods and raw materials, and number of shipments between buyer and manufacturer. We show by numerical example that when the integrated policy is adopted by both buyer and manufacturer in a cooperative manner, both parties can benefit.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.78-90
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the effect of Clematidis Radix extract(CB) on osteoclast differentiation and gene expression. The osteocastogenesis and gene expression were determined in RANKL-induced RAW 264.7 cell. Methods: RANKL-induced RAW 264.7 cell with Clematidis Radix extract was stained by TRAP which is expressive marker of osteoclast. The gene expression of RANK, $TNF{\alpha}$, IL-6, iNOS and Cathepsin, those are factors related to bone resorption, was estimated by using Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Results: Clematidis Radix extract decreased the number of TRAP-positive multi nuclei cell, and decreased the gene expression of RANK, $TNF{\alpha}$, IL-6, iNOS and Cathepsin K in RANKL-induced RAW 264.7 cell. Conclusion: It is concluded that Clematidis Radix extract might decrease the bone resorption resulted from decrease of osteoclast differentiation and it's related gene expression.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.61-69
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate effects of White Ginseng-Ejung-tang acupuncture solution (EJ) on nitric oxide (NO) and of hydrogen peroxide production in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods : Cell viability was measured by modified MTT assay. NO production was measured by Griess reagent assay. Hydrogen peroxide production was measured by dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR) assay. Significant differences were examined by using a Student's t-test. Results : The results of the experiment are as follows. 1. EJ did not show cell toxicity against RAW 264.7 cells for 24 hr incubation at the concentrations of up to $200\;{\mu}g$/mL in RAW 264.7 cells. 2. EJ significantly inhibited NO production for 24 hr incubation in RAW 264.7 cells (p <0.05). 3. EJ significantly inhibited the LPS-induced production of NO for 24 hr incubation in RAW 264.7 cells (p <0.05). 4. EJ significantly inhibited the LPS-induced production of hydrogen peroxide for 16, 24, 40, 48, 64, and 72 hr incubation in RAW 264.7 cells (p <0.05). Conclusions : These results suggest that EJ has an anti-inflammtory property related with its inhibition of NO and hydrogen peroxide production in LPS-induced macrophages.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.56-65
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• 1992

The complete nucleotide sequence of the Bacillus circulans F-2 RSDA gene, coding for raw starch digesting a-amylase (RSDA), has been determined. The RSDA structure gene consists of an open reading frame of 2508 bp. Six bp upstream of the translational start codon of the RSDA is a typical gram-positive Shine-Dalgarno sequence and the RSDA encodes a preprotein of 836 amino acids with an Mr of 96, 727. The gene was expressed from its own regulatory region in E. coli and two putative consensus promoter sequences were identified upstream of a ribosome binding site and an ATG start codon. Confirmation of the nucleotide sequence was obtained and the signal peptide cleavage site was identified by comparing the predicted amino acid sequence with that derived by N-terminal analysis of the purified RSDA. The deduced N-terminal region of the RSDA conforms to the general pattern for the signal peptides of secreted prokaryotic proteins. The complete amino acid sequence was deduced and homology with other enzymes was compared. The results suggested that the Thr-Ser-rich hinge region and the non-catalytic domain are necessary for efficient adsorption onto raw substrates, and the catalytic domain (60 kDa) is necessary for the hydrolysis of substrates, as suggested in previous studies (8, 9).

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.51-58
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• 2016

Objectives This study was designed to investigate whether the Cheongajihwang-Tang (CT) has an inhibitory effect association with oxidation or inflammation in RAW264.7 cells. Methods Cytotoxic activity of CT extract on RAW264.7 cells was evaluated by using 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) solution. Nitric oxide production was measured using Griess reagent system. The total phenolic contents and 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity was measured to evaluate the anti-oxidative effects of CT. Dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) has been used as a substrate for measuring intracellular oxidant production. Results Cheongajihwang-Tang does not impair the cell viability in tested concentration. CT showed anti-oxidative effects in vitro by decreasing electron donating ability, and also showed anti-inflammatory effects suppressing NO and ROS expression in LPS induced RAW264.7 activation. CT inhibited the generation of intracellular ROS production as dose dependant manner. Conclusions CT has anti-oxidative effects and anti-inflammatory activities. These results indicate that CT extract has an anti-inflammatory activities via anti-oxidative effects.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 1987

Corrosion fatigue fracture of dual phase steel(SS41) and raw material steel(SS41) were investigated in 3.5% NaCl aqueous solution at PH 4,6,9 and 11. The fatigue limit of dual phase steel is increased approximately 1.8 times larger than that of raw material in air. The corrosion fatigue life of dual phase steel is about 5-10 times larger than that of raw material in 3.5% NaCl aqueous solution. The reduction of fatigue life is larger for the acidsalt solution than for the alkali salt solution. The reduction of stress level on the reduction ratio of corrosion fatigue life is large as pH 6-11. The reduction ratio of corrosion fatigue life of dual phase steel and raw material is nearly coincided at pH 2. While at pH4-2 the reduction ratio of corrosion fatigue life only depends on the corrosion effect. It has been found that the corrosion resistance effect of dual phase steel is smaller than that of raw material in corrosion fatigue crack propagation rate. As pH below 6 is changed, it can be clearly observed from raw material that the brittle intergranular fracture is characterized, and from the above result, the influence of corrosion of dual phase steel is small.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.118-120
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• 2003

As an alternative promising way of producing high coercivity Sr-ferrite for a permanent magnet application, intensive mechanical milling process was applied to the raw materials of the Sr-ferrite with different composition. Synthesising reactivity for the Sr-ferrite of the mechanically milled raw material containing $SrCO_3$, $La_2O_3$, $Fe_2O_3$, $Co_3O_4$, and $SiO_2$ was inferior to that of the raw material containing $SrCO_3$ and $Fe_2O_3$, The Sr-ferrite prepared from mechanically milled raw materials had profoundly improved magnetic properties compared to the Sr-ferrite prepared by conventional method. Beneficial effect of the substituting ($La_2O_3$, $Co_3O_4$) and additive ($SiO_2$) oxides for improving the magnetic properties was not exploited in the Sr-ferrite prepared from the mechanically milled raw material. The Sr-ferrite powder prepared from the mechanically milled raw materials was magnetically isotropic in nature.