• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.951-958
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• 2022

The aim of this study was to determine the optimum level of carbon dioxide to maximize the quality and yields of strawberries cultivated in a greenhouse. Specifically, two strawberry cultivars, namely, 'Seolhyang' and 'Maehyang', were subjected to varying concentrations of carbon dioxide and patterns linked to their productivity were noted. Both cultivars showed improvements across various physical variables (i.e., leaf area, crown diameter, plant height, fresh weight, and dry weight) when carbon dioxide concentrations were at 1,500 ppm. The optimum carbon dioxide concentration for increased fruit yields and quality was 1,000 ppm. When carbon dioxide was at 1,000 ppm the yields of 'Seolhyang' and 'Maehyang' increased by 1.99 and 1.78 times, respectively, compared to control plants. The influence of carbon dioxide on fruit color was negligible. However, the carbon dioxide increased the sugar content and sugar-acid ratio of the experimental fruits compared to control plants. Specifically, the sugar-acid ratio, which is directly related to taste, was at its highest when the concentration of carbon dioxide was at 1,000 ppm (i.e., for both 'Seolhyang' and 'Maehyang'). Overall, the application of carbon dioxide culminated in improved yields and fruit quality for both cultivars of interest.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.257-265
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• 2012

This study was carried out to evaluate growth, morphological characteristics, and sugar content among fifty six blackberry (Rubus fructicosus) genotypes derived from gamma-ray treatment (fifty two lines), MNU treatments (three lines), and cross breed R. fructicosus${\times}$R. parvifolius(one line). While 56 genotypes had similar stem diameter with origin variety, the most of mutants showed reduced leaf size. Also, they showed a wide range of variation in fruit size and one hundred fruit weight compared with origin variety. In fruit size and sugar content, two mutant lines showed large fruit sizes and ten mutant lines showed 20% higher sugar content than the original variety. In the correlation analysis, positive relationships were determined between sugar content and stem diameter, fruit length, leaf wide and fruit length/fruit wide ratio. However, leaf length/leaf wide ratio showed a negative correlation with sugar content. The results will be used as fundamental data for Rubus fructicosus breeding program.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.497-501
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• 2011

The object of this study was to evaluate the effect of gibberellins (GA) pasting on the bourse shoot, and not just on the fruit characteristics but also on the quality, of Niitaka pear (Pyrus pyryfolia L). The fruit stalk was treated with GA (control, 25mg/fruit stalk) 35 days after reaching full bloom. In the GA-treated tree, the occurrence of abnormal bourse shoot (52.5%) increased, and the spur bud and flower number decreased. The diameter of the GA-paste-treated fruit increased during the pear growth period with GA treatment. The diameter, length, and weight of the GA-paste-treated fruit increased at harvest time, but the hardness was lower than that of the control. The differences in soluble solid, acidity, and fruit color between the control and the GA-paste-treated fruit were not significant. Post-harvest, during the storage period, the hardness of the GA-paste-treated fruit was lower than that of the control, and its weight loss ratio was higher than that of the control on the $60^{th}$ days of storage.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.709-717
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• 2021

This study evaluated the growth, physiological responses and productivity based on the intercropping ratio of cherry tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) with basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). on the rooftops to determine out the efficient ratio in urban agriculture. From April to September 2019, an experiment was conducted on the rooftop of Konkuk University Glocal Campus. Cherry tomato and basil were selected as companion plants for eco-friendly urban agriculture on the rooftops. Each plot was created with a width of 100 cm, length of 100 cm, and height of 25 cm. After installing drainage and waterproof layers from bottom to top, substrate was laid out with a height of 20 cm. Intercropping ratio was consisted of a single tomato plant (TC), 2:1 tomato to basil (T₂B₁), 1:1 tomato to basil (T₁B₁), 1:2 tomato to basil 2 (T₁B₂), and a single basil plant (BC), were conducted using a randomized complete plot design with five treatments and three replication (a total 15 plots). Measurements were divided into growth, physiological responses, and productivity parameters, and detailed items were investigated and analyzed by classifying them into plant height, leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves, root length, root collar caliper, chlorophyll contents, fresh weight, dry weight, number of fruit, fruit caliper, fruit weight, and sugar content. Comparative analyses of cherry tomato with basil plants by intercropping ratio, growth, physiological, and productivity responses are determined to be efficient when the ratio of cherry tomato to basil ratio is 2:1 or 1:1.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.701-706
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• 2014

Three highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum cvs. Bluecrop, Coville, and Northland) grown in an open field and in a rain shelter were compared to evaluate the potential benefits of rain-sheltering systems on growth and fruit quality. Shrubs grown in rain shelter flowered 5-14 days earlier and were in full bloom earlier than those in the open field. All three cultivars set fruit by nearly 90% of flowers when they were grown in the open field, but was markedly reduced when they were grown in the rain shelter, to approximately 50% for 'Bluecrop' and 'Coville'. Fruit sets ratio of 'Northland' grown in the in the rain shelter was 14.5. Fruit from greenhouse-grown 'Northland' were larger, heavier, and had more seeds per berry. Soluble sugar content (SSC) of fruits varied both with the cultivars and growing conditions. SSC of fruits grown in the greenhouse was higher in 'Bluecrop' compared to that grown in the field, but this pattern was reversed in 'Northland'. Titratable acid was significantly higher in fruits from rain shelter-grown shrubs of both 'Bluecrop' and 'Northland' than in fruits from open field-grown shrubs (P < 0.05), although there was no difference in TA with respect to growing conditions for 'Coville'. The number of seed per fruit, fruit length and diameter, weight, SSC, and TA were similar in 'Coville' shrubs grown in the open field and the rain shelter. Fruit firmness of 'Bluecrop', 'Coville', and 'Northland' was higher in the rain shelter than in the open field. 'Coville' and 'Northland' fruits harvested in the open field had higher blue chroma than those harvested in the rain shelter. However, this pattern was reversed for 'Bluecrop'. On the whole, sheltering from rain affected most fruit characteristics of the three cultivars differently. Therefore, suitable blueberry cultivars for the rain shelter should be chosen by purpose.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.581-585
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• 2010

The effects of plastic container vent ratio on fruit quality during strawberry precooling and storage were analyzed. Plastic containers ($520mm{\times}355mm{\times}182mm$) were manufactured with bottom and side vents at areal ratios of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. Fruit was loaded at a volume ratio of 80% prior to pressure cooling and storage at $5^{\circ}C$. The internal fruit temperature was $18^{\circ}C$ and the times taken to attain $2^{\circ}C$ after precooling were 1 hour 9 minutes, 1 hour 13 minutes, 2 hours 2 minutes, and 2 hours 51 minutes at vent ratios of 20%, 15%, 10%, and 5%, respectively. To mimic the current distribution system, precooled strawberries were packaged in tray wrapping and stored at $5^{\circ}C$. Changes in weight, bruising, extent of decay, and firmness, were measured. Weight loss, bruising, and decay were highest at a vent ratio of 20%, lowest at a vent ratio of 15%, and moderate at vent ratios of 5% and 10%. No significant among-treatment difference in fruit firmness was evident.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 2017

Using the relatively low-cost, far-infrared dryer inhibiting the destruction of a variety of physiologically active components of the mulberry fruit, we have studied to make semidry mulberry fruit that can be kept at room temperature for a long time. By adjusting the temperature of the far-infrared dryer step-by-step, we developed a semi-dry method of maintaining the shape of the mulberry fruit. In addition, by drying the coating of honey after removing the juice generated by the mulberry fruit thawing process improved the acceptability of the taste of fruit. We conducted heat treatment mulberry fruit into a $95^{\circ}C$ infrared dryer 5 hours to thaw the frozen mulberry fruit. After 10 to 20% of honey coating, the primary drying ($95^{\circ}C$, 5 hours) was implemented. then, the secondary drying was conducted after controlling the temperature of the far infrared dryer $60^{\circ}C$, for 10 hours. These manufacture process was able to obtain semi-dried mulberry fruit. Dry weight ratio and moisture content were around 25%, and around 16% level respectively. It was to enable long-term storage at room temperature. Therefore, it is suggested that the method of using the far-infrared drying machine to manufacture semi-dried mulberry fruit can be a way to improve the farm income if applied to the farm.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.29-32
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• 2000

Storage life of grape cultivars including Kyoho(Inzuka), which were imported from Japan and are cultivated after adoption as farming application, were examined. The stu요 was accomplished with grapes packed by PE film under storage temperature $0^{\circ}C$ and humidity 90%RH loss of weight, Weight loss and occurrence of abnormal fruit increased in proportion to storage days. Abnormal fruits of Kyoho(izuka), North Black , and Seto giants increased rapidly after 60 days of storage, resulting in slight deterioration of commercial value. Similarly, this phenomenon of Campbell early , Takasumi , and Aki Queen occurred after 70 days of storage. External appearance decreased rapidly after 60 days of storage, resulting in 7.0 index of Takatsuma and Aki Queen , 3.0-3.6 of North Black and Seto Giants, and 5.0 of Campbell Early, kyoho (izuka0, and takasumi after 80 days of storage. Soluble solide content and titratable acidity showed a trend to be decreased with lapse of storage. Sugar/acid ratio shwoed much fluctuation between different grapes. Possible storage days, in view of more 70% merchandise berry ratio, were 90 days of Takatsuma and Aki Queen , 70 days of Campbell Early, 60 days of Takasumi , kyoho(Iizuka), and Seto giants, below 60 days of North Black.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.197-199
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• 2000

Clarified fruit and vegetable juices (apple, carrot and tangerine) were produced using ultrafiltration and their color change due to the mixing ratio were evaluated. clarification was carried out by passing he supernatant of extracted juice through a filter and also by using a membrane of molecular weight cut-off 10,000 Daltons to obtain the juice ultrafiltrates. The mixing ratio between apple and carrot juices was kept constant at 1:1 while increasing the amount of tangerine juice according to 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% an stored at 4$^{\circ}C$ prior to the color measurement. Hue angle ({TEX}$h_{ab}${/TEX}) and {TEX}$L^{*}${/TEX}-value increased as the tangerine mixing ratio increased. The color difference indicated by ΔE-value also increased as the amount of tangerine increased indicating that the color of the mixed juice became pale and the changes were slight but distinctive. On the other hand, chroma ({TEX}$C^{*}${/TEX}), {TEX}$La{*}${/TEX}- and {TEX}$b^{*}${/TEX}-values decreased as the tangerine mixing ratio increased indicating that the color of the mixed juice became slightly more grayish and the samples were becoming les yellow. A simple mathematical model to predict each color characteristic is proposed.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.8-12
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• 2015

Characteristic of seed for Sageretia thea fruits collected from the habitat of harvest season in Jeju and their germination ratio in different temperatures were considered. The average weight was 0.2 g, average diameter was 7.2 mm, average length was 6.5 mm, and size distribution range was 5.1 ~ 10.0 mm. The number of seeds per fruit was 1.8, and 1000 grain weight was 7.77 g with diameter of 3.7 mm and thickness of 1.7 mm in size. The fruit maturation was investigated to be from April 27 to June 1, when the best maturation period was about a week, May 11 to May 18. Also, the fruits grown on May 4 to May 11 were seen to have the bigger in transverse size and weight with a tendency of the earlier maturation date has the greater the number of seeds. S. thea seeds pretreated for 24 hours at $50^{\circ}C$ were not germinated, while most of those pretreated for 24 hours at $4^{\circ}C$ were successfully germinated at any degree of temperature (except at a temperature of $10^{\circ}C$). Particularly, the highest germination rate of 55% was made at $15^{\circ}C$, and plumule and radicle were best grown within the temperature range of $25^{\circ}C$.