• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.107-114
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• 2012

In this paper, the concerned existing blind equalizer convergence rate and residual inter-symbol interference using constellation reduced and cost function by separation the real part and an imaginary part, the dual structure CR-CMA(constellation Reduction CMA). The CMA methed compensates amplitude but does no compensate phase, On the other hand, The CMA method compensates both the amplitude and the phase but it has the convergence rate problem, and the MCMA method is a way to solve the phase problem of CMA method compensates both the amplitude and the phase after respectively calculating the real part and imaginary part components. Proposal a new method that the dual structure of CR-CMA, the cost function and error function and respectively calculating the real part and imaginary part components can advantages by improving the CMA and the MCMA algorithms so that the amplitude and phase retrieval and constellation reduce the residual ISI and faster convergence rate and performance is good SER (Symbol Error Ratio) was confirmed by computer simulations.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.1618-1626
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• 2013

Virtualization service processes all operation including the data creation, storing, and disposal in a server and transmits processed data as the streaming media form. Therefore, client can use the same environment as the traditional desktop environment without considering the type of device. Virtualization service should consider not only the video quality but also the delay bounds and continuity of video playback for improving the user perceived Quality of Service(QoS) of streaming service. In this paper, we propose a network-adaptive transmission architecture that focuses on guaranteeing QoS requirements for virtualization service. In order to provide those, the proposed architecture have the transmission rate adaptation function based on available bandwidth and the content bit-rate control function based on sender buffer state. Through each function, proposed architecture guarantee the delay bounds and continuity of virtualization contents playback. The simulation results show that proposed network-adaptive transmission architecture provides a improve performance of throughput and transmission delay.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.227-247
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences in the meanings of two $7^{th}$ grade students over 'a' in expressing and interpreting a function of the form of 'y=ax+b(a, b is a constant, $a{\neq}0$)', and to identify causes of the differences. We collected data from a teaching experiment with four $7^{th}$ grade students who participated in 23 teaching episodes. Analysis of the collected data revealed marked differences between student A and student B in expressing and interpreting given situations with linear functions. The differences between the two students and the causes of differences were also analyzed. The results show that the students expressed and interpreted 'a' in the linear function 'y=ax+b', on the basis of their construction of quantities and their quantitative relationships in a given situation involving a constant rate of change.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.159-167
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• 2018

Objectives: Myocardial reperfusion is the only logical cure for ischemic heart disease. However, ischemic-reperfusion (I/R) injury is one of the underlying factors facilitating and accelerating the apoptosis in the myocardium. This study set to investigate the impact of Teucrium polium (TP) hydro-alcoholic extract on I/R induced apoptosis in the isolated rat heart. Methods: Isolated rat hearts were classified into six groups. The control samples were subjected to 80 min of perfusion with Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate (KHB) buffer; in control-ischemia group, after primary perfusion (20 min) the hearts were exposed to global ischemia (20 min) and reperfusion (40 min). Pretreated groups were perfused with $500{\mu}M$ of vitamin C and various TP concentrations (0.5, 1, 2 mg/ml) for 20 min, and then the hearts were exposed to ischemia and reperfusion for 20 min and 40 min, respectively. Cardiodynamic parameters including rate pressure product (RPP), heart rate (HR), the maximum up/down rate of left ventricular pressure (${\pm}dp/dt$), left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), and coronary artery flow (CF) were achieved from Lab Chart software data. The Bax and BCl-2 gene expressions were measured in heart samples. Results: Hearts treated with TP extract and vit C represented a meaningful improvement in cardiac contractile function and CF. The overexpression of Bcl-2, downregulation of Bax, and improvement of apoptotic index (Bax/Bcl-2) were observed in pretreated TP extract and vit C hearts. Conclusion: The TP extract was found to ameliorate the cardiac function in the reperfused myocardium. Also, it can hinder apoptotic pathways causing cardioprotection.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.76-84
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• 2004

1. Objectives This paper is intended to find out Sasang Constitutional difference on Autonomous Function after Acupuncture stimulation in healthy subjects. 2. Methods of Research Nineteen healthy volunteers(Soyangin 6, Taeumin 7, Soeumin 6) had acupunctured perpendicularly into the Hapkok point(LI4) and the Taechung point(Liv3). Heart Rate Variability, Mean Heart Rate and Blood Pressure were checked 4 times(before and after Acupuncture stimulation) to evaluate Autonomous Function. 3. Results & Conclusions The conclusions were as follows 1. There was no statistically significant Sasang Constitutional difference on sympathetic activity and parasympathetic activity before Acupuncture stimulation. 2. Acupuncture stimulation caused a statistically significant increase in the parasympathetic activity in the whole subject. 3. After Acupuncture stimulation, there was a statistically significant increase in the parasympathetic activity in Soeumin and a tendency of increase in the parasympathetic activity in Soyangin. But there was a tendency of increase in the Sympathetic activity in Taeumin.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.1
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• pp.237-259
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• 1997

Cleft Palate speech appears to have hyper/hyponasality with velopharyngeal insufficiency and articulation disorders. Previous studies on Cleft Palate speech have shown that speech tends to have lower airflow and air pressure. To examine the aerodynamic characteristics of Cleft Palate speech, Aerophone II Voice function Analyzer was used. We measured sound pressure level, airflow, air pressure and glottal power. Three Cleft Palate adults and five normal adults participated in this experiment. The test words are composed of: (1) the sustained vowel /o/ (2) /CiCi/, where C is one of three different stop consonants in Korean (3) /bimi/. Subjects were asked to produce /bimi/ five times without opening their lips. All the data was statistically tested by t-test for Cleft Palate patients before operation groups and control groups and paired t-test for Cleft Palate patients before and after operation groups. The results were as follow: (1) Cleft Palate patients generally speak with incomplete oral closure and lower oral air pressure. As a result, the SPL of Cleft Palate before operation is 3 dB lower than control groups. (2) Airflow of Cleft Palate in phonation and articulation is lower than that of control groups. However, it increased after operation. Lung volume and mean airflow in phonation are significantly increased (p<0.05). (3) Although velopharyngeal function (velar opening rate) of Cleft Palate is poor in comparison with control groups, it was recovered after operation. In this event maximum flow rate and mean airflow rate are significantly increased (p<0.05). (4) Air pressure of Cleft Palate in speech is lower than that of control groups. In general, the air pressure of Cleft Palate increased after operation. In this event air pressure of glottalized consonant is significantly increased (p<0.04). (5) Glottal Power(mean power, mean efficient and mean resistant) of Cleft Palate patients is lower than that of control groups. But mean efficient and mean resistant of Cleft Palate patients increased significantly (p<0.05) after operation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.61-69
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• 2017

The commercial development of unconventional gas is pursued in North America because it is more feasible owing to the technology required to improve productivity. Shale reservoir have low permeability and gas production can be carried out through cracks generated by hydraulic fracturing. The decline rate during the initial production period is high, but very low latter on, there are significant variations from the initial production behavior. Therefore, in the prediction of the production rate using deterministic decline curve analysis(DCA), it is not possible to consider the uncertainty in the production behavior. In this study, production rate of the Eagle Ford shale is predicted by Arps Hyperbolic and Modified SEPD. To minimize the uncertainty in predicting the Estimated Ultimate Recovery(EUR), Monte Carlo simulation is used to multi-wells analysis. Also, kernel density function is applied to determine probability distribution of decline curve factors without any assumption.

• International Neurourology Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.287-294
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• 2018

Purpose: Augmentation cystoplasty (AC) is a surgical procedure used in adults and children with refractory bladder dysfunction, including a small bladder capacity and inadequate bladder compliance, and in whom conservative and medical treatment has failed. This study was aimed to determine the long-term outcomes of AC in children. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of 42 patients (31 males; mean age, $14.2{\pm}6.2years$) who underwent AC for neurogenic and nonneurogenic bladder dysfunction, with a median $12.0{\pm}1.5years$ of follow-up. All patients underwent AC using the ileum with or without continent reconstruction. Pre-AC, concurrent, and post-AC procedures and complications were analyzed. Patients who underwent ureterocystoplasty, were lost to follow-up, or had less than 10 years of follow-up were excluded. The primary outcomes were the complication and continence rates, the post-AC linear rate of height and weight gain, and renal function. The Student t-test was used to evaluate between-group differences and the paired t-test was used to evaluate longitudinal changes in measured variables. Results: Renal function was stable or improved in 32 of 42 patients (76.2%), with a post-AC continence rate of 88.1%. Thirty patients (71.4%) required 72 procedures post-AC. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean percentile of height (P=0. 212) or weight (P=0.142) of patients in the pre- and post-AC periods. No cases of bladder perforation or malignancy were detected. Conclusions: We consider AC to be a safe and effective procedure that does not negatively affect future physical growth, while achieving a good rate of stable renal function. Patients need long-term follow-up to address long-term complications.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.28-37
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• 2022

The burning rate estimation method of solid propellants, based on closed bomb tests, has been introduced. The composition of the combustion gas is determined by using CEA and the Noble-Abel equation of state for high pressure operation conditions. Covolume taking into account the collision among molecules due to the actual volume of the molecule is modeled by LJ potential. A cubic form function is applied to calculate the volume change of propellant grains during combustion. The estimated burning rates of five different grain configuation at high pressure are fairly compared with BRLCB results within the maximum error of 6%.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.93-99
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• 2024

In this paper, we derive the Partial Differential Bond Price Equation (PDBPE) by using Ito's Lemma to determine the pricing of bond on term-structure of interest rate (TSIR) model with jump. From PDBPE, the Maclaurin series (MS) and the moment-generating function (MGF) for the exponential function are used to obtain a numerical solution (NS) of the bond prices. And an algorithm for determining bond prices using Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) techniques is proposed, and the pricing of bond is determined through the simulation process. Comparing the results of the implementation of the above two pricing methods, the relative error (RE) is obtained, which means the ratio of NS and MCS. From the results, we can confirm that the RE is less than around 2.2%, which means that the pricing of bond can be predicted very accurately using the proposed algorithms as well as numerical analysis. Moreover, it was confirmed that the bond price obtained using the MS has a relatively smaller error than the pricing of bond obtained by using the MGF.