• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.70-79
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• 1988

The effect of Ginseng on global myocardial ischemia and reperfusion was examined in isolated perfused rat hearts. The Ginseng ethanol extract (100mg/kg/day) was administered orally for 10 days. The rat hearts were removed and perfused at 75cm $H_{2}O$ by the Langendorff method. After 25 min. of global ischemia, the hearts were reperfused. The myocardial contents of adenosine 5'-triphosphate, creatine phosphate, and calcium were assayed. There no differences in ATP levels in all group of normal and Ginseng-treated hearts. Both in non-ischemic and ischemic heart, Ginseng increased significantly tissue creatine phosphate levels compared with control. Whereas, in ischemic-reperfused heart, there was no significant difference. In the control groups, myocardial calcium contents in the ischemic hearts were decreased compared with the non-ischemic hearts. But, in the Ginseng-treated groups, the calcium contents in the ischemic herts were not changed with the nonischemic hearts. Therefore, Ginseng appears to exert its protective effect against ischemic heart condition, not against ischemic-reperfused heart condition, by regulating energy metabolism and maintaing cellular function.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.563-570
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• 1994

Effect of ischemic preconditioning on left ventricular function after cardiac arrest in isolated rat heart.Ischemic preconditioning reduces infarct size caused by sustained ischemia. However, the effects of preconditioning on post ischemic cardiac function are not well-known. The objective of the present study was to determine whether preconditioning would improve the recovery of left ventricular functions after cardiac arrest in isolated rat heart model.Isolated rat hearts were allowed to equilibrate for 20 minutes and were then subjected to either 5 minutes of global, normothermic transient ischemia [Group 2 and 4] or not [Group 3]. A stabilization period of perfusion lasting 5 minutes after the termination of transient ischemia was followed by a standard global, normothermic 20 minute-ischemia and 35-minute reperfusion challenge [Group 3 and 4]. These following results were odtained.1. The recovery of left ventricular developed pressures showed no significant differences between Group 3 and Group 4 at 50 [P>0.3] and 85 minute [P>0.2].2. Heart rates showed no significant differences throughout all the course of experiment and between groups [P>0.5].3. The recovery of left ventricular maximum dP/dt showed no significant differences between Group 3 and Group 4 at 50 [P>0.1] and 85 minute [P>0.2].4. The recovery of pressure-rate products showed no significant differences between Group3 and Group 4 at 50 [P>0.5] and 85 minute [P>0.1].These results suggest that ischemic preconditioning does not provide significant benefit for the postischemic left ventricular functions in isolated rat hearts.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1995.04a
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• pp.88-88
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• 1995

Tetrahydroisoquinoline (THI) compounds have various pharmacological actions in the cardiovascular system. Recently, we have synthesized 1-${\alpha}$-naphthylmethyl-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, YS 49. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of YS-49 on positive inotropic and chronotropic action using isolated rat heart and on blood pressure and heart rate using anesthesized rabbit. Vasodilating action was also assessed in isolated rat thoracic aorta. YS 49, concentration-dependently relaxed rat aorta precontracted with phenylephrine (PE, 0.3 ${\mu}$M) and high potassium (high K$\^$+/, 65.4 mM). The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC$\sub$50/) of YS 49 in PE-induced and high K$\^$+/-induded contraction was 5.36 ${\mu}$M and 2.52 ${\mu}$M, respectively. In isolated rat atria, YS 49 increased both heart rate and force, and in anesthesized rabbit it decreased blood pressure but increased heart rate. In addition, to know the mechanism of action of the compound, propranolol, nonselective ${\beta}$-antagonist, and phentolamine, ${\alpha}$-blocker, were used. Furthermore, a comparison with the effect of higenamine, trimetoquinol on the vasodilating action in rat thoracic aorta was also made. The action of YS 49 was inhibited by the presence of propranolo, not pentolamine. These results indicate that cardiotonic and vasodilatory action of YS 49 is attributable, at least in part, for ${\beta}$-receptor stimulation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.379-388
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• 1992

The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of dietary vitamin A or E. and of combination of vitamins A and E on peroxidative deterioration of heart in adriamycin-treated rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to 5 groups according to the dietary supplementation of vitamin A or E Except control rats a dose of 2mg ADR/kg of B. W was injected to these animals intraperitoneally on the same day every week. Adriamycin treatment significantly decreased the weight gain of experimental rats compared with that of control rats, But this decrement was not modified by dietary supplementation of vitamin A or E. Lipid peroxide values of plasma were elevated by ADR treatment. The combined use of ADR and dietary vitamin A or E significantly reduced these values, The interaction between vitamins A and E seemed to be present in the lipid peroxide value of plasma. Catalase and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities in rat heart were decrased by ADR treatment but glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) activity was elevated. Dietary supplmen-tation of vitamin A or E enhanced the heart catalase and SOD activities. except only vitamin A-supplemented group. GSH-Px activity of rat heart tended to be decreased by dietary supple-mentation of vitamin A or E. With ADR treatment polyunsaturated fatty acids such as archido-nic acid(20:4) and docosahexaenoic acid(22:6) were decreased in rat heart. However dietary supplementation of vitamins A and E reduced this decrease. The retinol and tocopherol contents of rat plasma were decreased by ADR treatment. Dietary vitamin A or E influence vitamin A or E content of plasma. The interaction between dietary vitamins A and E was observed in vitamin A or E level of rat plasma.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1992

Protective effect of urokinase on reperfusion were studied followed by global ischemia in the isolated perfused rat heart. Separately, anti-platelet aggregation effect of urokinase also investigated. Urokinase exhibited positive effect for the protection of rat heart function by increasing the LV dp/dt, coronary flow(CF) and the Tate pressure product(RPP), and by decreasing the LVEDP on reperfusion. Urokinase also decreased arrhythmia by $74.7\%(P<0.05) induced by global ischemia in the rat heart. In the platelet aggregation study, urokinase did not show the inhibitory effect of ADP or collagen induced platelet aggregation inviuo and exvivo.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 1987

New born rat heart cells were dissociated using trypsin and/or collegenase to elucidate the dissociation efficiency of these two enzymes. And the effect of dimethyl sulfoxide during and immediately after cell dissociation was also investigated to clarify the so-called protective activity of dimethyl sulfoxide on cell performance. The results can be summarized as follows. 1. Cold trypsin 18 hours pretreatment followed by warm collagenase treatment resulted best cell viability and cell yield. 2. Single, warm trypsin treatment gave the poorest result. 3. Dimethyl sulfoxide did not seem to play any protective role during or immediately after rat heart cell dissociation. It had very damaging effect on rat heart cells.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.338-345
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• 1980

We have modified an isolated perfusion rat heart model of cardiopulmonary bypass, with which we are able to screen the effects of various cardioplegic solutions and hypothermia upon the ability of the heart to survivie during and recover from period of ischemic arrest. The modified experimental model was differed from the original as follow : a heat coil chamber of atrial and aortic reservoir provided temperature control, and the perfusate was gassed with each pure oxygen and pure carbon dioxide in 95:5 ratio. The Langendorff perfusion was initiated for a 10 minute period by introducing perfusate at $37^{\circ}C.$ into the aorta from the aortic reservoir located 100 cm above the heart. The isolated perfused working rat heart model was a left heart preparation in which oxygenated perfusion medium (at $37^{\circ}C.$) entered the cannulated left atrium at a pressure of 20 cm $H_{2}O$ and was passed to the ventricle, from which it was sponeously elected(no electrical pacing) via an aortic cannula, against a hydrostatic pressure of 100cm $H_{2}O$. during this working period various indices of cardiac functin were measured. The cardiac functions were stable for over 3 hour with perfusion of Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer solution containing only glucose (11.1 mM/L). The percentage of cardiac functins were maintained about 94% on heart rate, 80.6% on peak aortic pressure, 87.7% on coronary flow and 76.3% on aortic flow rate after 3 hour of working heart perfusion at a pressure of 20 cm $H_{2}O$. We believe this preparation to be a good biochemical model for the human heart which offers many advantages including economic, speed of preparation, reproducibility, and the ability to handle large numbers.

• Journal of The Association for Neo Medicine
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.15-30
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• 1996

In the study about the logical basis and interpreting methods of animal experiments using rats in traditional medicine, several conclusions are obtained and summarized as following. 1. The logical basis of the animal experiments in traditional medicine is the essential homogeneity between human and rat defined as various transformation of one Qi(一氣) packed the cosmos. 2. Morphologically, the rat has abundant Yin(陰) and less Yang(陽) in most of anatomical characteristics. 3. Physiologically, the rat has unstable heart and mild temper with good fertility, which shows the features of Yin animal. 4. Pathologically, the rat shows the pathology of injury of viscera by stresses(氣激傷臟) and pathological transformations of internal water(痰飮水濕) mainly. 5. Constitutionally, the rat is alike to water type man(水形人) or Soeumin(小陰人) out of Yin Ren(陰人). 6. So, the rat is the proper experimental animal for diseases of sputum and water, emotional stimulations, endocrine system, heart, kidney, Yin syndrome(陰證) etc..

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.550-553
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• 2017

Esophageal perforation is a rare but potentially fatal complication of robot-assisted thyroidectomy (RAT). Herein, we report the long-term outcome of an esophageal reconstruction with a jejunal free flap for esophageal rupture after RAT. A 33-year-old woman developed subcutaneous emphysema and hoarseness on postoperative day1 following RAT. Esophageal rupture was diagnosed by computed tomography and endoscopy, and immediate surgical exploration confirmed esophageal rupture, as well as recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. We performed a jejunal free flap repair of the 8-cm defect in the esophagus. End-to-side microvascular anastomoses were created between the right external carotid artery and the jejunal branches of the superior mesenteric artery, and end-to-end anastomosis was performed between the external jugular vein and the jejunal vein. The right recurrent laryngeal nerve injury was repaired with a 4-cm nerve graft from the right ansa cervicalis. Esophagography at 1 year after surgery confirmed that there were no leaks or structures, endoscopy at 1 year confirmed the resolution of vocal cord paralysis, and there were no residual problems with swallowing or speech at a 5-year follow-up examination. RAT requires experienced surgeons with a thorough knowledge of anatomy, as well as adequate resources to quickly and competently address potentially severe complications such as esophageal rupture.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.2 no.6
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• pp.753-761
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• 1998

Preconditioning of a heart with small doses of catecholamines induces a tolerance against the subsequent lethal ischemia. The present study was performed to find a specific receptor pathway involved with the catecholamine preconditioning and to test if adenosine plays a role in this cardioprotective effect. Isolated rat hearts, pretreated with small doses of ${\alpha}-\;or\;{\beta}-adrenergic$ agonists/antagonists, were subjected to 20 minutes ischemia and 20 minutes reperfusion by Langendorff perfusion method. Cardiac mechanical functions, lactate dehydrogenase and adenosine release from the hearts were measured before and after the drug treatments and ischemia. In another series of experiments, adenosine $A_1\;or\;A_2$ receptor blockers were treated prior to administration of adrenergic agonists. Pretreatments of a ${\beta}-agonist,\;isoproterenol(10^{-9}{\sim}10^{-7}\;M)$ markedly improved the post-ischemic mechanical function and reduced the lactate dehydrogenase release. Similar cardioprotective effect was observed with an ?-agonist, phenylephrine pretreatment, but much higher $concentration(10^{-4}\;M)$ was needed to achieve the same degree of cardioprotection. The cardioprotective effects of isoproterenol and phenylephrine pretreatments were blocked by a ${\beta}_1-adrenergic$ receptor antagonist, atenolol, but not by an ${\alpha}_1-antagonist,$ prazosin. Adenosine release from the heart was increased by isoproterenol, and the increase was also blocked by atenolol, but not by prazosin. A selective $A_1-adenosine$ receptor antagonist, 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentyl xanthine (DPCPX) blocked the cardioprotection by isoproterenol pretreatment. These results suggest that catecholamine pretreatment protects rat myocardium against ischemia and reperfusion injury by mediation of ${\beta}_1-adrenergic$ receptor pathway, and that adenosine is involved in this cardioprotective effect.