• Title/Summary/Keyword: Rat Brain

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Difference in NOS between 2 Hz and 100 Hz EA in cerebral cortex, brain stem and cerebellum of spontaneously hypertensive rats (전침자극이 Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat의 대뇌겉질, 뇌줄기, 소뇌 부위의 Nitric Oxide Synthase 신경세포에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Jong-In;kim, Yong-Suk;Kim, Chang-Hwan
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.116-124
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    • 2001
  • Background and Objetive : The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of various electroacupuncture stimulation on NADPH-diaphorase in cerebral cortex, brain stem, cerebellum of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Materials and Methods : We evaluated the changes of NADPH-d-positive neurons using a histochemical method. The staining intensity of NADPH-d-positive neurons was assessed in a quantitative fashion using a microdensitometrical method based on optical density by means of an image analyzer. Results and Conculsion : The average optical density of NADPH-d-positive neurons of 100 Hz (bipolar square wave 0.2 ms duration and 100 Hz frequency) electroacupuncture treatment group significantly increased in most cortical areas comparison between the manual acupuncture and 2 Hz (bipolar square wave 0.2 ms duration and 2 Hz frequency) electroacupuncture groups. In the brain stem, the optical density of NADPH-d-positive neuron at only superficial gray layer of the superior colliculus area was same as cerebral cortex. We conclude that the morphological evidence for NADPH-d-positive neurons may be have regional change in cerebral cortex brain stem and cerebellum according to various electroacupuncture stimulations.

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Role of $17{\beta}$- Estradiol on Brain Atrophy Following Cerebral Infarction (뇌졸중후 뇌위축에 대한 조경론적 접근)

  • 윤상협;이종수
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.9-15
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    • 2000
  • Objective : The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotection effect of estrogen on brain atrophy following cerebral infarction. Method : All animals in this study were classified into 4 groups; ovariectomy group (OVXgroup), cerebral infarction group (INF group), combination ovariectomy and cerebral infarction group (OVX + INF group), and naturally intact group for control data (NOR group). Cerebral infarction was made by Chen's method with some modification. Ovariectomy was performed by Wayforth's method. Experimental data for each group was collected at 15 days, month, 3 months, and 6 months after starting observation. Serum $17{\beta}-estradiol(E2)$ was determined by radioimmunoassay. Brain volume was measured and calculated with image analysis. Each brain was sliced at intervals of 2mm in chamber after 30 min of freezing in refregerater. Cerebral volume was obtained by sum of volume of each slice level, which was mean $area{\;}{\times}{\;}2mm$. Results : Cerebral ischemia was found to decrease the serum concentration of $17{\beta}-{\;}estradiol(E2)$ and to inhibit the physiologically conpensatary function of the ovariectomized rats. Also we found that deprivation of estrogen have resulted in more severe cerebral atrophy followed by cerebral infarction. Conclusion : It is suggested that estrogen has a neuroprotection effect on cerebral atrophy following cerebral infarction.

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Ameliorative Effect of a Selective Endothelin $ET_A$ Receptor Antagonist in Rat Model of L-Methionine-induced Vascular Dementia

  • Mangat, Gautamjeet S.;Jaggi, Amteshwar S.;Singh, Nirmal
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.201-209
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    • 2014
  • The present study was designed to investigate the efficacy of selective $ET_A$ receptor antagonist, ambrisentan on hyperhomocysteinemia-induced experimental vascular dementia. L-methionine was administered for 8 weeks to induce hyperhomocysteinemia and associated vascular dementia in male rats. Ambrisentan was administered to L-methionine-treated effect rats for 4 weeks (starting from $5^{th}$ to $8^{th}$ week of L-methionine treatment). On $52^{nd}$ day onward, the animals were exposed to the Morris water maze (MWM) for testing their learning and memory abilities. Vascular endothelial function, serum nitrite/nitrate levels, brain thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), brain reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, and brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were also measured. L-methionine-treated animals showed significant learning and memory impairment, endothelial dysfunction, decrease in/serum nitrite/nitrate and brain GSH levels along with an increase in brain TBARS levels and AChE activity. Ambrisentan significantly improved hyperhomocysteinemia-induced impairment of learning, memory, endothelial dysfunction, and changes in various biochemical parameters. These effects were comparable to that of donepezil serving as positive control. It is concluded that ambrisentan, a selective $ET_A$ receptor antagonist may be considered as a potential pharmacological agent for the management of hyperhomocysteinemia-induced vascular dementia.

Production and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies to Bovine Brain Succinic Semialdehyde Reductase

  • Park, E.Y.;Park, S.Y.;Jang, S.H.;Song, M.S.;Cho, S.W.;Park, S.Y.
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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    • 1995.04a
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    • pp.72-72
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    • 1995
  • Monoclonal antibodies against bovine brain succinic semialdehyde reductase were produced and characterized. A total of nine monoclonal antibodies recognizing different epitopes of the enzyme were obtained, of which two inhibited the enzyme activity and three stained cytosol of rat spinal cord neurons as observed by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. When unfractionated total proteins of bovine brain homogenate were seperated by gel electrophoresis and immunoblotted, the antibodies specifically recognized a single protein band of 34 kDa, which comigrates with purified bovine succinic semialdehyde reducatase Using the antisuccinic semialdehyde reductase antibodies as probes, we investigated the cross-reactivites of brain succinic semialdehyde reductases from some mammalian and an avian species. The immunoreactive bands on Western blots appeared to be the same in molecular mass-34 kDa-in all animal species tested, including humans. The result indicated that brain succinic semialdehyde reductase is distinct from other aldehyde reductases and that mammalian brains contain only one succinic semialdehyde reductase. Moreover, the enzymes among the species are imunologically very similar, although some properties of the enzymes reported previously were different from one another.

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Study for comparison with male & female rat locus coeruleus using confocal laser scanning microscopy (공초점현미경을 이용한 암수 흰쥐 청색반점의 비교연구)

  • Park, Il-kwon;Song, Chi-won;Lee, Kyung-youl;Kwon, Hyo-jung;Kim, Moo-kang;Lee, Kang-iee;Jeong, Young-gil;Lee, Nam-seob;Ha, Kwon-soo
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.40 no.3
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    • pp.451-461
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    • 2000
  • The locus coeruleus(LG) is known to be observed a sexual dimorphism in rat CNS. LC is the largest collections of norepinephrine(NE)-containing neurons in the mammalian brain. Especially in rat, all LC neurons contained NE unlike other mammalians, so that specific reactions were found in the tyrosine-hydroxylase(TH) immunoreactive neurons. Sexual dimorphism of rat LC has affected by genes before sex hormone appeared, thereafter affected by sex hormones. In these day, many scientists founded morphological differences between male and female LC morphology, but differences of entire structure was not founded. Thus we investigated sex differences of the LC neuron's morphology in rat by three-dimensional(3-D) reconstruction using Confocal laser scanning microscopy(CLSM). We reported that neuron's shape was relatively-large multipolar neurons and neuron's processes in dorsal LC proceeded to ventral direction in the male and female rat. Male had a longer anterior-posterior length than female had in dorsal LC. In addition to middle-LC, male rat's LC had a more thicker posterior region but had not viewed in a previous study. In reverse, female rat's LC had a thicker anterior region like a previous study. This results using 3-D reconstruction by CLSM showed that the male's LC was more wide-ranging than female's relatively.

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Localization of Motor and Sensory Neurons Innervating Kidney, Shinsu(BL23) and Kyongmun(GB25) in the Rat (흰쥐의 신장(腎臟) 신유(腎兪) 경문(京門)을 지배하는 운동(運動)과 감각신경세포체(感覺神經細胞體)에 대한 연구(硏究))

  • Ryu, Suk-Hyun;Lee, Chang-Hyeon;Lee, Sang-Ryong
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.385-398
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    • 1997
  • The location and local arrangement of motor, sensory neurons within brain stem, nodose ganglia, spinal ganglia and sympathetic ganglia projecting to rat's kidney and meridian point BL 23, GB 25 were investigated by HRP immunohistochemical methods following injection of 5% WGA-HRP into left kidney and meridian point BL 23, GB 25. Following injection of WGA-HRP into left kidney, anterogradely labelled sensory neurons were founded within either nodose ganglia and spinal ganglia. The sensory neurons innervating rat's left kidney were observed within spinal ganglia $T_{7}{\sim}L_3$. Sympathetic motor neurons innervating rat's left kidney were labelled within left suprarenal ganglia, either celiac ganglia, superior mesenteric ganglia, and sympathetic chain ganglia $T_{1}{\sim}L_3$. Sympathetic chain ganglia were concentrated in $T_{12}{\sim}L_1$. The sensory neurons innervating rat's meridian point BL 23 were founded within spinal ganglia $T_{2}{\sim}L_2$. They were numerous in spinal in ganglia $T_{10}{\sim}T_{12}$. Sympathetic motor neurons innervating rat's meridian point BL 23 were observed in suprarenal ganglia and greater splanchnic trunk, sympathetic chain ganglia from $T_1$ to $L_3$. They were concentrated in $T_{12}{\sim}L_3$. The sensory neurons innervating rat's meridian point GB 25 were labelled within spinal ganglia $T_{6}{\sim}T_{13}$. They were numerous in from T10 to $T_{12}$. Sympathetic motor neurons innervating rat's meridian point GB 25 were labelled within greater splanchnic trunk and sympathetic chain ganglia $T_{12}{\sim}L_3$. They were concentrated in $T_{13}{\sim}L_1$. This results neuroanatomically imply that the location of rat's motor and sensory neurons innervating meridian point BL 23 and GB 25 were closely related that of innervating kidney.

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ET-1 RIA and Immunocytochemistry on EAE-induced lewis rat

  • Bongsu Kang;Park, Youngshim;Inhoi Huh;Taekyun Shin
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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    • 1996.04a
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    • pp.193-193
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    • 1996
  • Endothelin-1, which is a peptide originally isolated from cultured porcine aortic cell, has been found to play a crucial role in potentiating the vasoconstriction mitogenesis, and chemotaxis. In the present study, we examined the level of endothelin-1 in the brain, spinal cord and blood from rat with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis(EAE). At the peak stage of EAE(grade 3), endothelin-1 level in the spinal cord of rat with EAE increased two folds as compared with that of sham-treated rats, and subsequently decreased to the level of control at the recovery stage. In the endothelin-1 immunocytochemistry, endothelin-1 immunopositive cells and ED-1, macrophage marker immunopositive cells observed in the spinal cord of peak stage(grade 3). These Findings suggest that endothelin-1 play the important role in progression of EAE.

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The Effect of Butane gas on Rat Cholinesterase and Lactatedehydrogenase (Butane gas가 흰쥐 혈청과 조직의 Lactatedehydrogenase 및 Cholinesterase에 미치는 영향)

  • 윤수홍;박은주;조수열;최현태
    • Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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    • v.6 no.3_4
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    • pp.123-132
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    • 1991
  • Acute poisoning with organic solvents and other volatile compounds now usually follows deliberate inhalation (volatile substance abuse) or ingestion of these compounds. The effect of butane gas inhalation was analyzed for serum, liver, brain, lung and muscle. And the observations are revealed on rat cholinesterase activity, lactatedehydrogenase activity and electrophoretic pattern of lactatedehydrogenase isozyme. The results are as follows: 1. The rat cholinesterase activity on serum, liver and muscle show the decreased by increasing of inhalation time of butane gas in particular the lung cholinesterase activity was greatly affected. 2. Butane gas inhalation brought out the lactatedehydrogenase activity increased of the serum and the tissues and had an important effect especially in both the liver and muscle 1actatedehydrogenase activities. 3. Each tissue was found to have a characteristic distribution of lactatedehy-drogenase isozymes on celluloseacetate electrophoresis and the development of inhalation time is shown the disappearance and diffusion of band. The toxicity of butane gas inhalation was most prominence in the liver and lung toxicity was occurred also.

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The Effect of Ginseng Saponin on Morphine Action of $Qo_2$ and Na, K content in Cerebral Cortex Slices of Rat (인삼(人蔘) Saponin 이 Morphine 에 의(依)한 Rat 대뇌피질절편(大腦皮質切片) 산소소비양(酸素消費量) 및 $Na^+$, $K^+$ 소장(消長)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Park, Chan-Woong
    • The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.29-33
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    • 1969
  • The effects of Ginseng saponin on respiration and $Na^+$, $K^+$ content of rat cerebral cortex slices were investigated to determine the action of Ginseng saponin on brain cortex at cellular level. There are many reports for the study of Ginseng on central stimulatory action in experimental animals. The electrical stimulation of slices of cortex causes a loss of potassium. And the respiration is needed to maintain a supply of energy for active cation transport. The reduction in $Qo_2$ is a consequence of primary cessation of active cation transport. Ginseng saponin stimulated respiration which was depressed by Morphine. But there was no significant change of electrolyte. It is suggested that the Ginseng saponin act rather on metabolic process than neural excitatory mechanism in vitro.

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Functional Effects of $\beta4$-Subunit on Rat $BK_{Ca}$ Channel $\alpha$-Subunit, rSlo

  • Ha, Tal-Soo;Heo, Moon-Sun;Park, Chul-Seung
    • Proceedings of the Korean Biophysical Society Conference
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    • 2002.06b
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    • pp.32-32
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    • 2002
  • To understand the functional roles of the neuron-specific $\beta$-subunit of large-conductance calcium-activated potassium ($BK_{Ca}$) channel, we isolate the full-length complementary DNA of $\beta$4-subunit from rat brain library and investigated its effects on the function of $\alpha$-subunit (Slo). The deduced amino acid sequence of rat $\beta$4 (r$\beta$4), 210 amino acids in length, was closely related to those of $\beta$4 subunits in other mammalian species but showed only a limited sequence homology to the other $\beta$-subunits, $\beta$1 to $\beta$3.(omitted)d)

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