• Title/Summary/Keyword: Rapid Heating

Search Result 391, Processing Time 0.032 seconds

Complete $^1H$-NMR and $^{13}C$-NMR spectral analysis of the pairs of 20(S) and 20(R) ginsenosides

  • Yang, Heejung;Kim, Jeom Yong;Kim, Sun Ok;Yoo, Young Hyo;Sung, Sang Hyun
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
    • /
    • v.38 no.3
    • /
    • pp.194-202
    • /
    • 2014
  • Background: Ginsenosides, the major ingredients of Panax ginseng, have been studied for many decades in Asian countries as a result of their wide range of pharmacological properties. The less polar ginsenosides, with one or two sugar residues, are not present in nature and are produced during manufacturing processes by methods such as heating, steaming, acid hydrolysis, and enzyme reactions. $^1H$-NMR and $^{13}C$-NMR spectroscopic data for the identification of the less polar ginsenosides are often unavailable or incomplete. Methods: We isolated 21 compounds, including 10 pairs of 20(S) and 20(R) less polar ginsenosides (1-20), and an oleanane-type triterpene (21) from a processed ginseng preparation and obtained complete $^1H$-NMR and $^{13}C$-NMR spectroscopic data for the following compounds, referred to as compounds 1-21 for rapid identification: 20(S)-ginsenosides Rh2 (1), 20(R)-Rh2 (2), 20(S)-Rg3 (3), 20(R)-Rg3 (4), 6'-O-acetyl-20(S)-Rh2 [20(S)-AcetylRh2] (5), 20(R)-AcetylRh2 (6), 25-hydroxy-20(S)-Rh2 (7), 25-hydroxy-20(S)-Rh2 (8), 20(S)-Rh1 (9), 20(R)-Rh1 (10), 20(S)-Rg2 (11), 20(R)-Rg2 (12), 25-hydroxy-20(S)-Rh1 (13), 25-hydroxy-20(R)-Rh1 (14), 20(S)-AcetylRg2 (15), 20(R)-AcetylRg2 (16), Rh4 (17), Rg5 (18), Rk1 (19), 25-hydroxy-Rh4 (20), and oleanolic acid 28-O-b-D-glucopyranoside (21).

Effect of Peak Temperature on the Grain Growth in Simulated HAZ of Cr-Mo-V Steel(T24) (Cr-Mo-V강(T24)의 재현 HAZ의 결정립 성장에 미치는 피크온도의 영향)

  • Lee, Kyong-woon;Lee, Seong-hyeong;Na, Hye-sung;Kang, Chung-Yun
    • Journal of Welding and Joining
    • /
    • v.34 no.6
    • /
    • pp.55-61
    • /
    • 2016
  • Recently developed ferritic heat resistance steel, T24 was used to evaluate microstructure characteristics of simulated heat affected zone. Also, correlation between the prior austenite grain size and amount of $M_{23}C_6$ carbide dissolution was discussed. With the increasing of peak temperature, Grain size steadily increased up to $1050^{\circ}C$ and then rapidly increased at $1150^{\circ}C$. Of the peak temperature $950{\sim}1050^{\circ}C$, amounts of $M_{23}C_6$carbide dissolution are low. But Most of $M_{23}C_6$ carbide that is inhibited grain growth were dissolved above $1050^{\circ}C$ and decreased volume fraction of carbide. This indicates that grain growth may be achieved through dissolution of carbide in the base material. As of welding, due to very rapid heating rate, $M_{23}C_6$ carbide exists above equilibrium solution temperature that is $800^{\circ}C$, even at $1050^{\circ}C$. So, It was confirmed that close correlation between carbide dissolution in the base material and grain growth. Calculated grain size has a linear relationship with peak temperature, on the other hand, measured grain size discontinuously increased between $950{\sim}1050^{\circ}C$ and above $1050^{\circ}C$. Grain size of heat affected zone at $1350^{\circ}C$ peak temperature showed maximum 67um and minimum 4um. Also, The number of side showed 3 to 10.

The effect of smoking on the quality boiled sausage (훈제 처리가 가열소지에 미치는 영향)

  • 정청송;유상훈
    • Journal of Applied Tourism Food and Beverage Management and Research
    • /
    • v.12 no.2
    • /
    • pp.1-41
    • /
    • 2001
  • The effect of smoking on the quality sausage Sausages were prepared from beef, port, chickens, games, fish and shellfish with polyphosphate salt and spices. Sausage history goes back to 3,000 years of age. The procedure of sausage 1) Meat Curing 2) Meat Control 3) Add Spices 4) Permissible Ingredients 5) Grinding 6) Mixing Emulsion 7) Stuffing 8) Showing 9) Smoking 10) Cooking 11) Drying 12) Packaging Sausage Product to get information on the effect of smoking onto the quality of meat produces. Sausage was smoked under a given conditions. Smoking was conducted as 35f$^{\circ}C$to 6$0^{\circ}C$ the related humidity of smokehouse was still at 60 to 70 percent. Results are as follows: 1. The Penetrated smoke in sausage was prolonged < p.<0.02 when sausage was smoked 2hours at 60~$65^{\circ}C$ the penetrated amount of free acetone in sausage was 0.5mg%. 2. Peroxide value of sausage as heating treatment both at 3$0^{\circ}C$ and at 5$0^{\circ}C$ was prolonged. 3. When sausage was heated at 3$0^{\circ}C$, bacteria of sausage increased In number while at 60~$65^{\circ}C$ bacteria of sausage increased In number fourteen hours. 4. When sausage was treated with smoking the distribution of free amino acids in sausage was changed markedly. 5. The longer smoking time of the products was the higher the content. 6. In case of oak wood smoke flavoring all of test samples. 7. Rapid decrease of does-response mutagenic curve of the smoke flavoring of oak wood and apple wood by in the peak of curve and phenol in the smoke flavoring. Continuous efforts are required to make sausages easily in the butcher shops and in the restaurants. 8. Sausage texture evaluation has 13 rules. It is Elasticity, Surface Moisture, Surface Smoothness, Center Hardness, Skin Toughness, Cohesiveness, Denseness, Moisture Release, Cohesiveness of Mass, Lumpiness, Graininess (of Contents), Skin separation, Oiliness and sensory 11 rules evaluation is color, texture, mold, flavor, sweet test, salty, sourness, bitter, and savory taste. 9. Smoked, component, peroxide value, bacteria, color, free amino acid, tenderness, flavor, shrinkage are important values.

  • PDF

An Experimental Study on the Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Hydrogen Enriched LPG Fuel in a Constant Volume Chamber (정적연소기내 H2-LPG 연료의 혼합 비율에 따른 연소 및 배출가스 특성에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • Lee, Seang-Wock;Kim, Ki-Jong;Ko, Dong-Kyun;Yoon, Yu-Bin;Cho, Yong-Seok
    • Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
    • /
    • v.23 no.3
    • /
    • pp.227-235
    • /
    • 2012
  • Finding an alternative fuel and reducing environmental pollution are the main goals for future internal combustion engines. The purpose of this study is to obtain low-emission and high-efficiency by hydrogen enriched LPG fuel in constant volume chamber. An experimental study was carried out to obtain fundamental data for the combustion and emission characteristics of pre-mixed hydrogen and LPG in a constant volume chamber (CVC) with various fractions of hydrogen-LPG blends. To maintain equal heating value of fuel blend, the amount of LPG was decreased as hydrogen was gradually added. Exhaust emissions were measured using a HORIBA exhaust gas analyzer for various fractions of hydrogen-LPG blends. The results showed that the rapid combustion duration was shortened, and the rate of heat release elevated as the hydrogen fraction in the fuel blend was increased. Moreover, the maximum rate of pressure rise also increased. These phenomena were attributed to the burning velocity which increased exponentially with the increased hydrogen fraction in the $H_2$-LPG fuel blend. Exhaust HC and $CO_2$ concentrations decreased, while NOX emission increased with an increase in the hydrogen fraction in the fuel blend. Our results could facilitate the application of hydrogen and LPG as a fuel in the current fossil hydrocarbon-based economy and the strict emission regulations in internal combustion engines.

Dynamic response of middle slab in double-deck tunnel due to vehicle load (차량하중에 의한 복층터널 중간슬래브의 동적 응답)

  • Kim, Hyo-Beom;Kwak, Chang-Won;Park, Inn-Joon
    • Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
    • /
    • v.19 no.5
    • /
    • pp.717-732
    • /
    • 2017
  • Recently, the construction of underground structure such as a double-deck tunnel is increasing to manage rapid growth of roadway traffic volume. Double-deck tunnel includes middle slab to separate upper and lower road inside, and various sources affect the dynamic behaviour of middle slab due to dynamic loading of vehicle. Therefore, it is important to investigate the dynamic response of middle slab precisely to apply it to design and analysis of double-deck tunnel. In this study, dynamic analysis model of middle slab considering structural type, design velocity, vehicle load, and surface roughness, etc. is built. 3-dimensional dynamic analysis is performed to assess dynamic response of middle slab. Consequently, Dynamic Magnification Factor which represents dynamic response of middle slab shows maximum in case of elastomeric bearings (EB) and average roughness (Grade C). It is also expected that dynamic response can be reduced under the condition of good roughness (Grade B) and fixed bearings (FB).

The Development of Infrared Thermal Imaging Safety Diagnosis System Using Pearson's Correlation Coefficient (피어슨 상관계수를 이용한 적외선 열화상 안전 진단 시스템 개발)

  • Jung, Jong-Moon;Park, Sung-Hun;Lee, Yong-Sik;Gim, Jae-Hyeon
    • Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
    • /
    • v.39 no.6
    • /
    • pp.55-65
    • /
    • 2019
  • With the rapid development of the national industry, the importance of electrical safety was recognized because of a lot of new electrical equipment are installing and the electrical accidents have been occurring annually. Today, the electrical equipments is inspect by using the portable Infrared thermal imaging camera. but the most negative element of using the camera is inspected for only state of heating, the reliable diagnosis is depended with inspector's knowledge, and real-time monitoring is impossible. This paper present the infrared thermal imaging safety diagnosis system. This system is able to monitor in real time, predict the state of fault, and diagnose the state with analysis of thermal and power data. The system consists of a main processor, an infrared camera module, the power data acquisition board, and a server. The diagnostic algorithm is based on a mathematical model designed by analyzing the Pearson's Correlation Coefficient between temperature and power data. To test the prediction algorithm, the simulations were performed by damaging the terminals or cables on the switchboard to generate a large amount of heat. Utilizing these simulations, the developed prediction algorithm was verified.

Electrical/Mechanical Diagnosis of Local Deterioration in 600V Shielded Twist Pair Cable in a Nuclear Power Plant (원전용 600V 차폐 꼬임쌍선 케이블의 국부열화에 대한 전기적/기계적 진단)

  • Park, Myeongkoo;Kim, Kwangho;Lim, Chanwoo;Kim, TaeYoon;Kim, Hyunsu;Chai, Jangbom;Kim, Byungsung;Nah, Wansoo
    • The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
    • /
    • v.66 no.1
    • /
    • pp.203-210
    • /
    • 2017
  • In this paper, we propose a electrical/mechanical method to effectively diagnose the local deterioration of a 10m long power shielded twist pair cable defined by the American Wire Gauge (AWG) 14 specification using electrical/mechanical methods. The rapid deterioration of the cable proceeded by using the heating furnace, which is based on the Arrhenius equations proceeds from 0 to 35 years with the deteriorated equivalent model. In this paper, we introduce a method to diagnose the characteristics of locally deteriorated cable by using $S_{21}$ phase and frequency change rate measured by vector network analyzer which is the electrical diagnostic method. The measured $S_{21}$ phase and rate of change of frequency show a constant correlation with the number of years of locally deteriorated cable, thus it can be useful for diagnosing deteriorated cables. The change of modulus due to deterioration was measured by a modulus measuring device, which is defined by the ratio of deformation from the force externally applied to the cable, and the rate of modulus change also shows a constant correlation with the number of years of locally deteriorated cable. Finally, By combining the advantages of electrical/mechanical diagnostic methods, we can efficiently diagnose the local deterioration in the power shielded cable.

Heat Dissipation Design for KW Class Power Control Unit Mounted on Aircraft Store (항공기 장착물에 탑재되는 KW급 전력변환장치의 방열설계)

  • Choi, Seok-min;Kim, Hyung-jae;Jung, Jae-won;Lee, Chul
    • Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
    • /
    • v.24 no.4
    • /
    • pp.261-266
    • /
    • 2020
  • When a KW-class power control unit is installed in an aircraft installation, a heat dissipation design for a large amount of heat generated during power conversion should be considered. Failure to provide adequate heat dissipation can lead to equipment malfunction and fire, which can be a fatal factor in aviation operations. This paper describes the heat dissipation design of a KW-class power control unit installed in aircraft installation. The design and manufacturing test were conducted through computerized analysis, and the analysis model was corrected by confirming the rapid heat generation phenomenon of the heating element due to high power control. After the model revision, the design was improved, and the high-temperature operation test of the US military standard MIL-STD-810G was performed to confirm the feasibility of the improved design.

Synthesis of Metal Doped ZnO Nanoclusters by Microwave Assisted Polyol Process (마이크로웨이브 폴리올 공정에서 금속 도핑 산화아연 나노클러스터의 합성)

  • Kwon, Oh-San;Kang, Kuk-Hyoun;Lee, Dong-Kyu
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
    • /
    • v.31 no.3
    • /
    • pp.525-533
    • /
    • 2014
  • ZnO has attracted much attention such as photocatalysts, sensors, piezoelectricity and etc. At present, an economical and rapid synthesis route based on the efficient microwave polyol process is used to synthesized metal-doped ZnO nanoclusters. Diethylene glycol has a property of high polarizability, and is an excellent microwave absorbing agent, thus leading to a high heating rate and a significantly shorter reaction time. In this study, metal-doped ZnO nanoclusters are obtained with different seed volumes, when zinc acetate dihydrate is used as a precursor, and metal acetate hydrate is used as a doped-metal and diethylene glycol is used as a solvent. The obtained metal-doped ZnO nanoclusters were characterized by FE-SEM, XRD, Raman and PSA.

Tensile Properties of Energy Saving Wire (ESW) with respect to Temperatures of High Frequency Induction Heat Treatment (고주파 열처리 온도에 따른 선조질강의 인장특성)

  • Lee, Jin Beom;Kang, Namhyun;Park, Ji Tae;Ahn, Soon-Tae;Park, Yeong-Do;Choi, Il-Dong;Nam, Dae-Geun;Cho, Kyung-mox
    • Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
    • /
    • v.48 no.11
    • /
    • pp.974-980
    • /
    • 2010
  • Various types of steel, namely, 0.35C, 0.2C-Cr, and 0.2C-Cr-Mo steels, were quenched and tempered by high-frequency induction heat treatment. The type, size, and spheroidization of the carbides varied depending on the tempering temperatures ($450{\sim}720^{\circ}C$). During the tempering process, the carbide was precipitated in the martensite matrix. The 0.35C, 0.2C-Cr, and 0.2C-Cr-Mo steels contained carbides that were smaller than 120 nm. The carbide was spheroidized as the tempering temperature increased. Owing to the fine microstructure and spheroidization of the carbides, all three steels had a high tensile strength as well as yield ratio and reduction of area. In the case of the 0.2C-Cr steel, the use of Cr as an alloying element facilitated the precipitation of alloyed carbides with an extremely small particle and resulted in an increase in the spheroidization rate of the carbides. As a result, a large reduction of area was achieved (>70%). The 0.2C-Cr-Mo steel had the highest tensile strength because of the high hardenability that can be attributed to the presence of alloying elements (Cr and Mo). Quenching and tempering steels by induction heat treatment resulted in a high strength of over 1 GPa and a large reduction of area (>70%) because of the rapid heating and cooling rates.