• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.345-350
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• 1993

Fatty acid composition of sesame oil could be distinguished from that of rapeseed oil and soybean oil by the content of linolenic acid. The relative composition of each fatty acid revealed the clear difference between sesame oil and other vegetable oils except corn oil. Ricebran oil was different from sesame oil in the relative composition of palmitic acid with respect to stearic acid and cottonseed oil in oleic acid to linoleic acid. ${\delta}^{13}C$ of corn oil was $19.40%_{\circ}$, in oleic acid and $-17.11%_{\circ}$, in linoleic acid, while that of sesame oil was $-27.60%_{\circ}$ in oleic acid and $-27.70%_{\circ}$ in linoleic acid. Therefore, most adulterant could be detected by comparing the ratio of fatty acids in vegetable oils except corn oil. It could, however, be detected by comparing carbon isotope ratio in the case of corn oil.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.73-80
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• 1980

To facilitate the heterosis breeding which utilizes cytoplasmic-genetic male sterile lines in rape (Brassica napus L.), 511 improved domestic lines were tested for their fertility restoration, maintaining ability and heterosis expression in agronomic characters. About 81 % of 511 lines showed complete fertility restoration and 11 lines could be used as maintainer of male sterility. All yield components except pod length showed greater heterotic effects than that of midparent in $F_1$. These heterotic effects resulted in extraordinary yielding ability as high as 5.6 T/ha in several $F_1$`s.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.351-351
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• 2017

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are particular soil fungi that benefit many crops and require a symbiosis with plant roots to survive. In our previous study, there was a positive correlation between AMF root colonization and soybean grain yield in a four-year consecutive winter cover crop-soybean rotational system without phosphorus fertilizer. It is suggested that higher AMF root colonization can be a better solution for improving soybean growth and grain yield in P-limited soil. Our purpose in this study was to test the hypothesis that a P application is the main factor improving soybean growth, P nutrition and grain yield, and the benefit from AMF to soybean P uptake and growth in a P-limited soil. Impact of a P application on AMF root colonization and communities in soybean roots and their potential contribution to soybean growth and P nutrition under a five-year P-unfertilized crop rotational system were investigated over two-years. In this study, four cover crop treatments included 1) wheat (Triticum aestivum); 2) red clover (Trifolium pratense); 3) rapeseed (Brassica napus); and 4) fallow in the crop rotation. The amount of triple superphosphate as a P fertilizer applied rate after cultivation of cover crops was 120 and $360k\;ha^{-1}$ in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Soybean roots were sampled at full-flowering and analyzed for AMF communities using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) techniques. The AMF root colonization in the soybean roots at full bloom stage was significantly influenced by cover crop and P application throughout the two-year rotation. The two-year rotation of different cover crops or fallow impacted the molecular diversity of AMF communities colonizing roots of soybean. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that AMF communities colonizing roots of soybean were significantly different among cover crop rotations. The AMF communities colonizing roots of soybean were clearly influenced by a P application in the two-year trial. Moreover, a P application may have positively impacts on the AMF communities under P-deficit soil due to the continuous cover crop-soybean rotational system without a P fertilizer.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.137-144
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• 2012

This study was conducted to determine the effect of feed additives including probiotics, moisture and feed ingredients and the effect of fermented feed on digestibility and volatile fatty acid (VFA) level in finishing pigs. Feed was mixed with microbials including Saccharomyces, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus and Pediococcus together with different levels of probiotics, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3%. Addition of probiotics showed improved fermentation rate after 48 h incubation. To determine the optimal moisture level for fermentation, different levels of water, 30, 40, 50 and 60%, were added into the feed. Fermentation rate of feed with 40~50% moisture level was higher than that from 60% level at 60 h post-fermentation. In vitro fermentation rate of feed ingredients was analyzed by comparing VFA levels. Beet pulp and tapioca showed higher fermentation rate compare to other ingredients including canola meal or rapeseed meal. To determine the effect of administration of fermented feed In vivo, feces from finishing pigs were analyzed. Finishing pigs administrated with fermented feed showed improved digestibility and higher volatile fatty acid (VFA) level. In conclusion, results from the current study indicate that 40~50% of moisture with addition of beet pulp and tapioca in feed is optimal condition for fermentation. Furthermore, our data suggest that fermentation of feed can improve the feed quality and digestibility, thereby provide more nutrient in finishing pigs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.1339-1347
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• 2003

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of microbial phytase ($Natuphos^{(R)}$) supplementation in combination with carbohydrases (composed of enzymes targeted to soybean meal (SBM) dietary components such as $\alpha$-galactosides and galactomannans; $Endo-Power^{(R)}$) to corn-soybean meal based diet (CSD) and complex diet (CD) with a partial replacement of SBM with rape seed meal (RSM) and cotton seed meal (CSM) on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of growing pigs. A total of 168 growing pigs averaging $13.18{\pm}1.77kg$ of initial body weight was arranged as a $2{\times}2$ factorial design with main effects of diet types (corn-SBM based diet (CSD) and complex diets (CD; 5% of SBM was replaced with 2.5% of RSM and 2.5% of CSM in diet for phase I (0 to 3 weeks) and 6% of SBM was replaced with 3% of RSM and 3% of CSM in diet for phase II (4 to 7 weeks))) and enzyme supplementation (none and 0.1% of phytase (500 FTU/kg diet) and 0.1% of carbohydrases). The diet with enzyme application were formulated to have a 0.18% unit lower aP than diets without enzyme application. Each treatment had three replicates with 14 pigs per replicate. To determine supplementation effect of phytase and carbohydrases on ileal amino acid digestibility of SBM, RSM and CSM, a total of 18 T-cannulated pigs (initial body weight; $13.52{\pm}1.24kg$) were assigned to six dietary treatments in the present study. Dietary treatments in metabolic trial included 1) SBM diet, 2) SBM diet+with enzymes (phytase (500 FTU/kg) and carbohydrases at 0.1%, respectively), 3) CSM diet, 4) CSM diet+enzymes, 5) RSM diet and 6) RSM diet+enzymes. During whole experimental period (0 to 7 wks), there was no difference in growth performance between diets (CSD and CD). However, dietary phytase and carbohydrases supplementation significantly improved gain/feed ratio (G:F) of growing pigs. During the phase II (4-7 weeks), dietary phytase and carbohydrases supplementation significantly improved all fecal nutrient digestibilities (Dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE), crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P)). Dietary phytase and carbohydrases supplementation improved significantly overall ileal amino acid digestibilities of SBM, RSM and CSM based diets (p<0.05). The simultaneous inclusion of phytase and carbohydrases in both of CSD and CD reduced feed cost per kg body weight gain (FCG). Also, results suggest that 2.5 to 3% of RSM and CSM, respectively, might be used as a protein source in growing pig diets without having an adverse effect on the growth performance and nutrient digestibility and simultaneous phytase and carbohydrases addition improves nutritional value of SBM, RSM and CSM by improving ileal amino acid digestibilities.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.320-328
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• 2014

Biodiesel has very similar physical properties (density, kinematic viscosity) and has even higher cetane number compare with conventional diesel. There are no necessity to change or modify the infra-structure & engine system. It is known that fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) is oxygen-contained components increasing the combustibility, biodegradability and reduced the exhaust harmful gas. These things made the biodiesel more popular as an alternative diesel fuel. But biodiesel's sources are controversial issues about $CO_2$ reduction effect at this time because those mainly come from edible plants such as soy, palm, rapeseed already spent lot of $CO_2$ to cultivate. Whereas micro-algae is focused because they are inedible and has rapid growth rates & high carbon-dioxide adsorption rate per area. In this study, we analyze the each FAME components using $GC{\times}GC$-TOFMS in stead of GC-FID and verify the previous total FAME contents method's applicability through the micro algal biodiesel derived from Dunaliella tertiolecta.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.21.1-21.8
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• 2015

The digestibility of different vegetable protein sources were investigated and the effects of supplementing canola meal (CM) as partial inclusions were studied in growing pigs, to determine the performance parameters and its economic importance. In Exp. 1, four pigs (average initial $BW=15.4{\pm}0.35kg$, 5 weeks of age) fitted with simple T-cannula at terminal ileum, were fed four diets following repeated $4{\times}4$ Latin square design having adoption period of 7 days. Diet 1 was Nitrogen free diet containing corn starch. Diets 2, 3, and 4 were the basal diet supplemented with soybean meal (SBM), rapeseed meal (RSM), and domestic CM respectively. The AID of crude protein was decrease in RSM in comparison to SBM supplementation. The AID of Dietary indispensable amino acids (DIAA) such as Lys, Meth, Pha, and dispensable amino acid Ala, Pro, Asp were decreased (P < 0.05) in RSM supplemented diets. The SID of DIAA does not differ but the SID of Asp was higher (P < 0.05) in RSM and CM diets while SID of Pro was lower (P < 0.05) in RSM in comparison to SBM supplemented diets. In Exp. 2, 192 growing pigs (average initial BW $24.76{\pm}2.55kg$) were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments with increasing levels of CM i.e. 0, 3.75, 7.50, and 11.25 % respectively. Diets were fed in meal form for 35 days. Increasing CM levels in diets had no effects (P > 0.05) on growth performance and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients and energy. Total weight gain, total feed intake, and feed cost per kg weight gain were not affected by increasing levels of CM in diets but total feed cost (TFC) per pigs was linearly reduced (26.463 to 25.674; P < 0.05). Broadly, the AID, and SID of amino acid was reduced in RSM but was not effected in CM in comparison to SBM supplemented pigs. Moreover, increasing levels of CM in pigs diet had no effect on the ATTD and performance but TFC per pig was reduced. Thus CM inclusion of up to 11.25 % in diets can be used for reducing the production cost in growing pigs without any negative effect.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.183-190
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to isolate a herbicidally active compound from curly dock (Rumex crispus), a native weed in Korea and to identify its' chemistry. The $GR_{50}$ value of methanol extracts which is determined by a seed bioassay using rapeseed (Brassica napus) seedlings was $935\;{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$. Activity-directed isolation of ethylacetate extract led to the isolation of ECDA fraction with $GR_{50}$ value $53\;{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$. Based on data of GC-MS, $^1H$-NMR and $^{13}C$-NMR, the chemical structure of ECDA was determined as 2H-furo[2,3-H]-[1]-benzopyran-2-one which is known as angelicin. The $GR_{50}$ values of angelicin to barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli), southern crabgrass (Digitaria ciliaris), and indian jointvetch (Aeschynomene indica) were 426, 66 and $216\;{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$, respectively. Our results suggest that angelicin could be used as a lead compound for the development of new herbicides.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.208-213
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• 2013

The contents of raw materials which are components of mixed substrate for mushroom cultivation were analyzed to optimize the composition. The pure protein(amino acid) level of soybean meal was the highest, 44.02% followed by those of soybean curd residue(31.5%) and cotton seeds meal(30.6%). The non protein nitrogen(NPN) contents in crude protein of main nitrogen materials were 2.4% for soybean meal and 5.6% for dried soybean curd residue, while those of wheat bran and rice bran used as the carbon source were relatively higher, 17.6% compared to that of nitrogen supplying media. Crude protein content per price was 6.0 for rapeseed meal, indicating that it is high crude protein content per price. Nitrogen-free extract(NFE) considering as an ingredient for mycelial growth were high in alphacorn(72.9%) and wheat bran B(57.2%). Acid detergent fiber(ADF) was high in corncob, 51.88%, its use for cultivation of brown rot fungi including Lentinus lepideus should pay attention because the fungi lack complete lignin degradation activity.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.194-199
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• 2002

Eight Korean wheat cultivars were milled and evaluated for the properties of white layer cake-making, compared to a commercial soft wheat flour. Milling yields of the Korean wheat cultivars ranged from 62.5 to 71.8%. The protein and ash contents of flours milled from Korean wheat cultivars ranged from 7.70 to 10.58% and 0.51 to 0.71%, respectively. Woorimil, Alchanmil and Olgeurumil flours, having low protein content, showed very weak mixing characteristics. Even though Eunpamil and Geurumil flours showed longer mixing time and higher peak height, they had week dough stability. Slight differences in pH and specific gravity of cake batter were observed among the Korean wheat flours. Cake volume measured by rapeseed displacement was in the range of $837.5{\sim}952.5\;cc$. Alchanmil flour demonstrated the highest specific volume of 2.40, and the other domestic flours symmetrical and uniform than those with the commercial soft wheat flour. Volume of white layer cakes was negatively affected by flour protein content and somewhat associated with crumb softness. Crumb color of cakes prepared with domestic wheat flours was slightly darker and more yellowish. Hardness of fresh cakes prepared with domestic flours ranged from 307.33 to 416.60 $g_f$.