• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.1193-1203
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the current status of utilization and costs of home health nursing care by the levels of medical institutes in Korea. Method: A secondary analysis of existing data was used from the national electronic data information(EDI) of 148 home health agencies for 6 months from May to Oct 2005 in total. Result: The 148 agencies had multiple services in cerebral infaction, essential hypertension, sequoia of cerebrovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, etc.. The highest 10 rankings of 76 categories of home health nursing services were composed of 96.4% of the total services, such as simple treatment, inflammatory treatment, urethra & bladder irrigation, inserting indwelling catheter etc., in that order. The highest 20 rankings of 226 categories of home examination services were composed of 77.0% of the total home examination services. In addition, the average cost of home health care per visit was 46,088 Won (${\fallingdotseq}$ 48 $, 1 $=960 Won). The costs ranged from 74,523 Won (${\fallingdotseq}$78 $, loss of chronic kidney function, N18) to 32,270 Won (${\fallingdotseq}$34 $, other cerebrovascular diseases, 167). Conclusion: Results suggest that client characteristics of hospital based HHNC are not different from community based HHNC or visiting nursing services for elderly. The national results will contribute to baseline data used to establish a policy for the home health nursing care system and education.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.129-140
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• 2009

The purpose of the present study is to investigate frequency related information and syllable structure constraints on Sino-Korean. Previous studies on Sino-Korean have mostly investigated the historical change of sounds and reviewed archaic features of Chinese language in Sino-Korean. Unfortunately, there is little study on the sounds of contemporary Sino-Korean in terms of syllable structure constraints. For the purpose of the present study, sounds of 7,742 Chinese characters used in Sino-Korean (7,795 syllables) were investigated and syllable matrices made based on the results of frequency related information. As a result, 483 syllable types were observed and the most frequently observed syllables were as follows: /ku/ (103) > /ki/ (100) > /ju/ (87) > /pi/ (86). Only 16 out of 19 consonants are used for Sino-Korean. /$t^{\ast}$/ and /$p^{\ast}$/ are never used in Sino-Korean and /kh, $s^{\ast}$, $k^{\ast}$/ occur only a few times (3, 2, 1 respectively). /k/ (17.5%) shows the highest frequency and /n, ${\eta}$, 1, tc, m/ occupied the next rankings. Among 20 vowel types, /a/ showed the highest frequency and /o, u, i, $j{\Lambda}$, ${\Lambda}$/ occupied the next rankings. Based on the syllable matrices, gaps were observed and classified into accidental or systematic ones. Onset and nucleus, nucleus and coda, onset and coda, and other syllable structure constraints of Sino-Korean were listed.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2008

The Korean life insurance industry has undergone profound changes, such as the beginning of the variable insurance in July 2001 and the bancassurance enforcement in August 2003. However, little empirical research has analyzed data that includes the bancassurance of life insurance companies operating in Korea. In response to this lack of research, this paper applies DEA (data envelopment analysis) models to measure and decompose their efficiency. We discovered that life insurance companies operating in Korea are a little different in their composition ratio of inputs and outputs, due to the increased variety of distribution channels and new products. We provided efficiency scores, return to scale, and reference frequencies. We also decomposed CCR, BCC, and SBM efficiency into scale efficiency and MIX efficiency. So, we try to investigate whether the sources of inefficiency were caused by the inefficient operation of DMU, disadvantageous conditions, the difference of the composition ratio in inputs and outputs with reference sets, or any combination of the above. Most companies in the sample display had either constant or decreasing returns to scale. The efficiency rankings were less consistent among models and efficient DMUs. In response to this problem, we used the super-efficiency model to rank them and then compared the rankings of the DMUs among the various models. It was also concluded that the availability of panel data, rather than cross-sectional data, would greatly improve the validity of the efficiency estimates.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.498-511
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• 2015

This paper examines advertising images of fashion brands in vertical social network site (SNS) from the viewpoints of message strategies. Vertical social network sites are types of social curation systems applied to social networking, where information is selected, organized, and maintained. Fashion brands communicate with consumers by presenting images on vertical SNSs, anticipating improvements in brand image, popularity, and loyalty. Those images portray content for particular brands and seasonal concepts, thus creating paths for product sales information. Marketing via SNSs corresponds to relationship marketing, which refers to long-term interrelationship and value augmentation between the company and consumer, and viral advertising, which relies on word of mouth distribution via social network platforms. Taylor's six-segment message strategy wheel, often used for analyzing viral ads, was applied to conduct a content analysis of the images. A total of 2,656 images of fashion brands advertised on Instagram were selected and analyzed. Results indicated that brand values were somewhat related to the number of followers. Follower rankings and comment rankings were also correlated. In general, fashion brands projected sensory messages most often. Acute need and rational messages were less common than other messages. Sports brands and luxury brands presented sensory messages, whereas fast fashion brands projected routine images most often. Fashion brands promoted on vertical SNSs should portray advertising images that combine message strategies

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 2019

Background: Promoting healthy lifestyles at work should complement workplace safety programs. This study systematically investigates current states of occupational health and safety (OHS) policy as well as practice in the European Union (EU). Methods: OHS policies of EU member states were categorized as either prevention or health promotion provisions using a manifest content analysis. Policy rankings were then created for each prevention and promotion. Rankings compared eight indicators from the European Survey of Enterprises on New and Emerging Risks-2 data on prevention and promotion practices for each member state using Chi-square and probit regression analyses. Results: Overall, 73.1% of EU establishments take preventive measures against direct physical harm, and about 35.4% take measures to prevent psychosocial risks. Merely 29.5% have measures to promote health. Weak and inconsistent links between OHS policy and practice indicators were identified. Conclusion: National OHS policies evidently concentrate on prevention while compliance with health and safety practices is relatively low. Psychosocial risks are often addressed in national policy but not implemented by institutions. Current risk assessment methods are outdated and often lack psychosocial indicators. Health promotion at work is rare in policy and practice, and its interpretation remains preventive. Member states need to adopt policies that actively improve health and well-being at the workplace.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.218-229
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to assess and compare the effectiveness of various fall prevention interventions in hospitals through a network meta-analysis. Methods: A network meta-analysis was conducted using the "netmeta" package in R software (v4.1), employing a frequency method. Odds ratios of fall rates and injurious fall rates were utilized to confirm the effects of interventions for fall prevention. Comparative rankings of these interventions were determined using cumulative probability (P-score). Results: Comparative rankings via cumulative probability (P-scores) revealed individualized education as the most effective intervention for fall incidence (P-Score 87.8%). Followed by fall-preventing sensors (60.9%), multicomponent interventions (47.4%), usual care (33.2%), and environmental modification (20.7%). For fall-related injuries, individualized education ranked highest (P-Score 97.1%), followed by multicomponent interventions (76.0%), usual care (47.6%), environmental modification (24.2%), and fall-preventing sensors (5.1%). Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights into the relative effectiveness of diverse interventions in preventing fall incidence through network meta-analysis. The findings aim to support nurses in making informed decisions when implementing fall prevention strategies in clinical practice.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.216-228
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• 2002

This study analyzes the decision-making processes for university students to choose the location of their future houses in metropolitan area. Based on their intuitive judgment, the university students prefer the general criteria, transportation, facility, education and society, and economy in order. The Kendall coefficient of concordance W which determines the association among the rankings of the students' judgement on the importance of the general criteria is so low. It means that the students highly disagree their rankings of the importance of the general criteria. The rankings of the importance of the criteria like as transportation and education society are concentrated on a mean value, but those of the criteria like natural environment and economy are relatively dispersed. The students prefer the area between the center of Taegu-si center and its outskirts, the outskirts of Taegu-si, and the center of Taegu'si in order as an alternative location of their future house. From the specific criteria like the price of land and house, the student's preferences on the alternative locations of future house are varied as compared with those of the general criteria. According to a sensitivity analysis, the student's preference on the center of Taegu-si is increased, but that on the the outskirts of Taegu-si is decreased as the importance of facility and transportation factor is increased. On the contrary, the student's preference on the outskirts of Taegu-si is increased, but that on the center of Taegu-si is decreased as the importance of natural environments is increased.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.183-194
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• 2014

Discussions for water resources vulnerability and index development with sustainable concept are actively being made in recent years. Based on such index, water resources vulnerability of present and future is determined and diagnosed. This study calculated the water resources vulnerability rankings by 152 nations, using indicator related to water resources assessment that can be obtained from World Bank, VRI (Vulnerability Resilience Indicator), ESI (Environmental Sustainability Index). In order to quantitatively assess of water resources vulnerability based on this indicator, TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) technique was applied to index water vulnerability and to determine the rankings by nations. As a results, South Korea was ranked as the 88th among the 152 nations including Korea. Among the continents, Oceania was the least vulnerable and Afirica was the most vulnerable in continents. WUnited State, Japan, Korea and China were vulnerable in order among the major countries. Therefore, water resources vulnerability rankings by nations in this study helps us to better understand the situation of South Korea and provide the data for water resources planning and measure.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.23-41
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• 2012

Citation analysis studies have reported many problems associated with data coverage problems common to popular citation databases such as Web of Science(WoS). In addition, the studies that analyzed citation patterns of Korean publications found that up to 75% of references in Korean publications were to international publications. As a first step in investigating the international coverage of WoS database, the study investigated the effect of adding citation data from Korea Science Citation Database(KSCD) to the impact factors and journal rankings of the journals listed in Journal Citation Reports. Specifically, the study mined the reference data from top 5 Korean Library and Information Science(KLIS) journals to recompute the impact factors reported in JCR 2009. Since the resulting journal rankings did not significantly differ from JCR 2009 rankings except for minor ranking changes, we analyzed additional citation data from 45 computer science and electrical engineering journals. Although the overall ranking difference was not statistically significant, one of the ranking partitions showed significant change. Such study findings despite its limited data sample suggest the potential impact of non-Western citation databases such as KSCD to bibliometric indicators provided by popular citation databases like WoS.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.695-706
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• 1998

In this paper we consider the setting where a group of n judges are to independently rank a series of κ objects, but the intended complete rankings are not realized and we are faced with analyzing randomly incomplete rank vectors. We discuss some tests based on Friedman statistics on the designs completed through rank imputation schemes suggested by Lordo and Wolfe (1994) and evaluate them on the basis of simulated power studies, constructing their appropriate null distributions.