• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.3111-3116
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• 2015

Background: This study was designed to investigate the value of CEA and CA199 in predicting the treatment response to palliative chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: We studied 189 patients with advanced gastric cancer who received first-line chemotherapy, measured the serum CEA and CA199 levels, used RECIST1.1 as the gold standard and analyzed the value of CEA and CA199 levels changes in predicting the treatment efficacy of chemotherapy. Results: Among the 189 patients, 80 and 94 cases had increases of baseline CEA (${\geq}5ng/ml$) and CA199 levels (${\geq}27U/ml$), respectively. After two cycles of chemotherapy, 42.9% patients showed partial remission, 33.3% stable disease, and 23.8% progressive disease. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for CEA and CA199 reduction in predicting effective chemotherapy were 0.828 (95%CI 0.740-0.916) and 0.897 (95%CI 0.832-0.961). The AUCs for CEA and CA199 increase in predicting progression after chemotherapy were 0.923 (95%CI 0.865-0.980) and 0.896 (95%CI 0.834-0.959), respectively. Patients who exhibited a CEA decline ${\geq}24%$ and a CA199 decline ${\geq}29%$ had significantly longer PFS (log rank p=0.001, p<0.001). With the exception of patients who presented with abnormal levels after chemotherapy, changes of CEA and CA199 levels had limited value for evaluating the chemotherapy efficacy in patients with normal baseline tumor markers. Conclusions: Changes in serum CEA and CA199 levels can accurately predict the efficacy of first-line chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer. Patients with levels decreasing beyond the optimal critical values after chemotherapy have longer PFS.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.41-51
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• 2004

The cost-effective reduction of occupational radiation dose (ORD) at a nuclear power plant could not be achieved without going through an extensive analysis of accumulated ORD data of existing plants. Through the data analysis, it is required to identify what are the jobs of repetitive high ORD at the nuclear power plant. In this study, Percentile Rank Sum Method (PRSM) is proposed to identify repetitive high ORD jobs, which is based on non-parametric statistical theory. As a case study, the method is applied to ORD data of maintenance and repair jobs at Kori units 3 and 4 that are pressurized water reactors with 950 MWe capacity and have been operated since 1986 and 1987, respectively in Korea. The results was verified and validated, and PRSM has been demonstrated to be an efficient method of analyzing the data.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.29-44
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• 2007

Objectives: The administrative employees of government were analyzed on their levels of fatigue symptoms to reveal the various factors related to them. Methods: The self-administered questionnaires were performed, during the period between Dec. 5th, 2005 and Jan. 31st, 2006, to 1,005 individuals in the service of general administration located in Daejeon Metropolitan City. The survey items included subjects' socio-demographic and job-related characteristics, health-related behavior, degree of job demand, job autonomy, social support in work, type A behavior pattern, locus of control, sense of self-esteem, and degree of fatigue. The study results were analyzed and the authors came to the following major findings, by univariate and multiple regression analysis with degree of fatigue dependent variables and other variables independent. Results and Conclusions: The study results indicated that the level of fatigue symptoms is so complicatedly influenced by variable factors as well as job-related characteristics such as socio-demographic characteristics, rank in work, or job career, to a greater extent, by job specifications and personality traits(type A) like whether performing health-related behavior or not, job demand, job autonomy, social support in work, or sense of self-esteem. Thus the effective strategy for stress reduction among governmental employees requires additional programs focusing on innovated job specifications and managed personality trait.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.546-550
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• 2014

To investigate the minimum near-infrared ray intensity required (quantifiable threshold value) for consistent measurements of axial length (AL) using partial coherence interferometry (PCI), we attached two polarizing lenses (PL) to two types of PCI (IOLmaster, ALscan). The near-infrared ray intensity of PCI was modified by rotating the axis of one PL at intervals of 5 degrees. The right eye of each volunteer was measured three times and the AL and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was recorded five times for each measurement. Reduction of light intensity was theoretically estimated using Malus' Law. AL was measured consistently with both IOLmaster and ALscan until they reached 55 degrees (1.33 % of intensity) and 60 degrees (0.77%), respectively (P = 0.343, Log-rank test). In contrast, SNR decreased as light intensity decreased. In addition, to analyze media opacities that precluded measurement of AL, we retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients unmeasurable by PCI (ALscan) from May to November 2013. Thirty-eight of 473 eyes (8.0%) could not be measured using ALscan due to media opacities, such as severe posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC, 11 eyes), hypermature cataract (9 eyes), and vitreous hemorrhage (18 eyes). The mean grades of vitreous haze and PSC were $7.72{\pm}0.96$ and $4.45{\pm}1.04$, respectively. In conclusion, up to 0.77-1.33% of near-infrared rays decreased, and AL could be measured consistently.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.174-182
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• 2020

Objectives: Joint injuries frequently lead to progressive joint degeneration that causes articular disc derangement, joint inflammation, and osteoarthritis. Such arthropathies that arise after trauma are defined as post-traumatic arthritis (PTA). Although PTA is well recognized in knee and elbow joints, PTA in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) has not been clearly defined. Interestingly, patients experiencing head and neck trauma without direct jaw fracture have displayed TMJ disease symptoms; however, definitive diagnosis and treatment options are not available. This study will analyze clinical aspects of PTA in TMJ and their treatment outcomes after joint arthrocentesis and lavage. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients with history of trauma to the head and neck especially without jaw fracture were retrospectively studied. Those patients developed TMJ disease symptoms and were diagnosed by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. To decrease TMJ discomfort, arthrocentesis and lavage with or without conservative therapy were applied, and efficacy was evaluated by amount of mouth opening and pain scale. Statistical differences between pre- and post-treatment values were evaluated by Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: Patient age varied widely between 20 and 80 years, and causes of trauma were diverse. Duration of disease onset was measured as 508 post-trauma days, and 85% of the patients sought clinic visit within 2 years after trauma. In addition, 85% of the patients showed TMJ disc derangement without reduction, and osteoarthritis was accompanied at the traumatized side or at both sides in 40% of the patients. After arthrocentesis or lavage, maximal mouth opening was significantly increased (28-44 mm on average, P<0.001) and pain scale was dramatically decreased (7.8-3.5 of 10, P<0.001); however, concomitant conservative therapy showed no difference in treatment outcome. Conclusion: The results of this study clarify the disease identity of PTA in TMJ and suggest early diagnosis and treatment options to manage PTA in TMJ.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.47-56
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• 2005

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the change of bone mineral density(BMD) after 1 month Kirindiet therapy including very low calory diet(VLCD) in middle-aged obese women$(65>age{\geqq}40,\;BMI{\geqq}25)$ under normal $BMD(T-score{\leqq}0)$. Methods : We examined body weight, body fat, protein mass and BMD of 13 middle-aged obese women who visited to Kirin Oriental Hospital from Sep. 7. 2004 to Oct. 12. 2005 before and after 1 month Kirindiet therapy. Body weight, body fat and protein mass was checked by Inbody 4.0 and BMD was checked by quantitated computed tomography. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for analyzing changes of body weight, body fat, protein mass and BMD before and after treatment. Results : Alter 1 month treatment body weight(-4.89Kg, -6.74%, p=0.001), body fat(-3.47Kg, p=0.001) and protein mass(-0.97Kg, p=0.006) was significantly reduced. BMD was significantly increased in all cases(+4.87mg/cc, +4.16%, p=0.001). Though body weight, body fat and protein mass were significantly reduced, BMD was significantly increased(p<0.01). Conclusions : In this study, we can conclude that after 1 month Kirindiet therapy including VLCD, BMD in middle-aged obese women under normal BMD was significantly increased inspite of reduction of body weight, body fat and protein mass.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2007.04b
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• pp.10-15
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• 2007

For the introduction of the electricity of the special design and supervision system to Protect the faulty-workmanship of the electricity equipment and to reserve the electricity safety, last 1995 "Electricity Technology Management Act" were carried out enactment. March 2002, we introduced the pre-Qualification system that is selected the competent company about the electricity design and supervision service over so much capacity which is ordered by the Public institution such as the nation, local autonomous entity, government investment institute and so on. December 2005, the electricity equipment over so much capacity was taken the housing construction plan's approval by the housing act in case, the municipal or district governor with the authority to approve who selected the electricity supervision company according to the pre-Qualification system. Due to the introduction of the system, we could expect the rights and interests increase of the consumer by eradicating dumping of the close relationship between supervision company and the builder, reduction and concurrent position of the supervisor, according to confirm the quality of the electricity equipment and electricity safety. In spite of introducing of the system, the problems occured as reducing the electricity designer's task range compared with different field, modifing the supervisor's rank system rationally, because of researching about the electricity design and supervision technique lacks. Also, KEEA(Korea Electric Engineers Association) manage the caller of the electricity design and supervisor(company or people), but the problems occured as opening to the public about the curler management, introducing automatic bidding system and We need the solution plan about this. Consequently, we consider the present situation of the domestic and outside and problem about the electricity design and supervision system in this paper, try to present rational operation plan through this.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.121-130
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• 2003

The goal of this study is construction and efficacy evaluation of MPC-25 (Magnetic Pain Control-25), a medical device using magnetic stimulation. MPC-25 consists of a main body containing power supply and control module and a bed containing magnetic core and coil. In distinction from electric pain control medical devices, magnetic pain control system is non-contact, so the patients need not take off their clothes to be treated. High amplitude current pulses are applied to a magnetic coil and induce time varying magnetic field generating eddy current in a conductor like human body. Clinical efficacy test was performed in patients suffering from musculoskeletal pain of lumbar, shoulder and joint. Degree of pain before and after treatment for 30 minutes was compared using Visual Analogous Scale. As a result, 14 cases out of 20 showed decreased pain perception, so the rate of efficacy is 70%. Reduction of pain perception was statistically significant (P=0.001 by Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test).

• Review of Culture and Economy
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.3-18
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze changes in work autonomy of content industry workers using Korea Working Conditions Survey(2010, 2014) and difference-differences estimation method. The results find that there was no significant change in the work autonomy (work order, work method, work speed) of the content industry worker in In the overall sample. On the other hand, analyzing the sample of 30 or more employee establishment size shows that work autonomy of the content industry worker is greatly reduced. Also, work autonomy is high when the rank or capability is high, whereas work autonomy decreases when the establishment size is large. This study implies that the content industry workers have shown quantitatively the reduction of work autonomy. It also suggests that compensation and management systems are needed to enhance the competitiveness of the content industry.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.136-143
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• 2018

In this study, we conducted a pilot study on the multiple spurious operations (MSO) analysis in the fire probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) of domestic nuclear power plant (NPP) to identify the degree of influence of the operator actions used in the MSO mitigation strategies. The MSO scenario of the domestic reference NPP selected for this study is refueling water tank (RWT) drain down event. It could be caused by spurious operations of the containment spray system (CSS) of the reference NPP. The RWT drain down event can be stopped by the main control room (MCR) operator actions for stopping the operation of CSS pump or closing the CSS motor operated valve if the containment spray actuation signal (CSAS) is spuriously actuated. Outside the MCR, it can be stopped by operator actions for closing the CSS manual valves or motor operated valve or stopping the operation of CSS pump. The quantification result of a fire PSA model that takes into account all recovery actions for the RWT drain down event lead to risk reduction by about 95%, compared with quantification result of fire PSA model without considering them. Among the various operator actions, the recovery action for the spurious CSAS operations and the operator action for the manual valve are identified as the most important operator actions. This study quantitatively showed the extent to which the operator actions used as MSO countermeasures have affected the fire PSA quantification results. In addition, we can see the rank of importance among the operator recovery actions in quantitative terms.