• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.46 no.1
• /
• pp.71-78
• /
• 2022

Ginseng is an international herb that has been used for thousands of years. Two species most commonly applied and investigated in the ginseng family are Asian ginseng and American ginseng. The number of randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) has conspicuously increased, driven by the rapid development of ginseng. However, the reporting of RCT items of ginseng is deficient because of different trial designs and reporting formats, which is a challenge for researchers who are looking for the data with high quality and reliability. Thus, this study focused on providing an extensive analysis of these two species and examined the quality of the RCTs, based on the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guideline. Ninety-one RCTs conducted from 1980 to 2019 that were related to Asian ginseng and American ginseng used singly met our inclusion criteria. We found that the reporting quality of the two species has improved during the past 40 years. Publication date and sample size were significantly associated with the reporting quality. Rigorous RCTs designed for the species of ginseng are warranted, which can shed light on product research and development of ginseng in the future.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.13 no.12
• /
• pp.1036-1047
• /
• 2013

In this study, we applied the time series analysis to the randomized controlled trial (RCT) researches related to insomnia for finding international trends. The data used in the analysis of 379 of ClinicalTrials, Web of Science was the of 132 by several keyword related with 'Insomnia' and 'Randomized Clinical Trial'. In ClinicalTials, RCT studies for insomnia, drug, cognitive behavioral therapy, depression were the key words make up the main network. In WOS, 'melatonin' key word was added in the main network. In addition to, we found the characteristic that the elderly and female subjects were steady studied.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.255-257
• /
• 2007

We propose an improved selective randomized load balancing (ISRLB) robust scheme under the hose uncertainty model for a special double-hop routing network architecture. The ISRLB architecture maintains the resilience properties of Valiant's load balancing and reduces the network cost/propagation delay in all other robust routing schemes.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.1674-1692
• /
• 2018

An RFID network is a network in which a reader inquire about the identities of tags and tags respond with their identities to a reader. The diversity of RFID networks has brought about many applications including an inexpensive system where a single reader supports a small number of tags. Such a system needs a tag cognizance scheme that is able to arbitrate among contending tags as well as is simple enough. In this paper, confining our attention to a clan of simple schemes, we propose a randomized scheme with aiming at enhancing the tag cognizance rate than a conventional scheme. Then, we derive an exact expression for the cognizance rate attained by the randomized scheme. Unfortunately, the exact expression is not so tractable as to optimize the randomized scheme. As an alternative way, we develop an upper bound on the tag cognizance rate. In a closed form, we then obtain a nearly optimal value for a key design parameter, which maximizes the upper bound. Numerical examples confirm that the randomized scheme is able to dominate the conventional scheme in cognizance rate by employing a nearly optimal value. Furthermore, they reveal that the randomized scheme is robust to the fallacy that the reader believes or guesses a wrong number of neighboring tags.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
• /
• v.44 no.6
• /
• pp.11-20
• /
• 2007

This paper proposes a new efficient method to detect ellipses using a segment merging based Randomized Hough Transform. The key idea of the proposed method is to separate single line segments from an edge image, to estimate ellipses from any pair of the single line segments using Randomized Hough Transform (RHT), and to merge the ellipses. This algorithm is able to accuracy estimate the number of ellipses and largely improves the computational time by reducing iterations.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.1975-1988
• /
• 2019

Short-term traffic flow prediction plays an important role in intelligent transportation systems (ITS) in areas such as transportation management, traffic control and guidance. For short-term traffic flow regression predictions, the main challenge stems from the non-stationary property of traffic flow data. In this paper, we design an ensemble cascading prediction framework based on extremely randomized trees (extra-trees) using a boosting technique called EET to predict the short-term traffic flow under non-stationary environments. Extra-trees is a tree-based ensemble method. It essentially consists of strongly randomizing both the attribute and cut-point choices while splitting a tree node. This mechanism reduces the variance of the model and is, therefore, more suitable for traffic flow regression prediction in non-stationary environments. Moreover, the extra-trees algorithm uses boosting ensemble technique averaging to improve the predictive accuracy and control overfitting. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that extra-trees have been used as fundamental building blocks in boosting committee machines. The proposed approach involves predicting 5 min in advance using real-time traffic flow data in the context of inherently considering temporal and spatial correlations. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed method achieves higher accuracy and lower variance and computational complexity when compared to the existing methods.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
• /
• v.7 no.6
• /
• pp.1874-1885
• /
• 2000

When a receiver of ciphertext message can not decrypt a message because he has lost his private-key, the private-key of receiver and session-key of the message should be recovered. In this paper, we developed an Encapsulation based Key Recovery System (EKRS). EKRS is a new key encapsulation based key recovery system which is characterized by secretly choice of KRA, randomized target keys. n-way recovery type, and useful for commercial key recovery. EKRS is formally specified by a pictorial model, an Extended Cryptographic Timed Petri Net (ECTPN). Secure information flow and reachability of a session-key are verified by using reachability graph of ECTPN. EKRS, executing over a Public Key Infrastructure, can be used as a security solution in Web based applications such as CALS, EC an EDI.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
• /
• v.28 no.6
• /
• pp.1343-1354
• /
• 2018

OAuth 2.0 bearer token and JWT(JSON web token), current standard technologies for authentication and authorization, use the approach of sending fixed token repeatedly to server for authentication that they are subject to eavesdropping attack, thus they should be used in secure communication environment such as HTTPS. In OAuth 2.0 MAC token which was devised as an authentication scheme that can be used in non-secure communication environment, server issues shared secret key to authenticated client and the client uses it to compute MAC to prove the authenticity of request, but in this case server has to store and use the shared secret key to verify user's request. Therefore, it's hard to provide stateless authentication service. In this paper we present a randomized token authentication scheme which can provide stateless MAC token authentication without storing shared secret key in server side. To remove the use of HTTPS, we utilize secure communication using server certificate and simple signature-based login using client certificate together with the proposed randomized token authentication to achieve the fully stateless authentication service and we provide an implementation example.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.15 no.12
• /
• pp.4508-4530
• /
• 2021

Today distributed data storage service are being widely used. However lack of proper means of security makes the user data vulnerable. In this work, we propose a Randomized Block Size (RBS) model for secure data storage in distributed environments. The model work with multifold block sizes encrypted with the Chinese Remainder Theorem-based RSA (C-RSA) technique for end-to-end security of multimedia data. The proposed RBS model has a key generation phase (KGP) for constructing asymmetric keys, and a rand generation phase (RGP) for applying optimal asymmetric encryption padding (OAEP) to the original message. The experimental results obtained with text and image files show that the post encryption file size is not much affected, and data is efficiently encrypted while storing at the distributed storage server (DSS). The parameters such as ciphertext size, encryption time, and throughput have been considered for performance evaluation, whereas statistical analysis like similarity measurement, correlation coefficient, histogram, and entropy analysis uses to check image pixels deviation. The number of pixels change rate (NPCR) and unified averaged changed intensity (UACI) were used to check the strength of the proposed encryption technique. The proposed model is robust with high resilience against eavesdropping, insider attack, and chosen-plaintext attack.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.201-210
• /
• 2013

Objectives : To review the recent trend of randomized controlled clinical trials on insomnia and to provide information for future clinical trials. Methods : A total of 667 pieces of literature were searched using the key words 'insomnia' and 'randomized controlled trial' and using the title 'insomnia' with the topic 'trial or trials', published from 2008 to 2012 through Web of Science. Studies including randomized controlled clinical trials were sorted from the search result and finally 104 pieces of the literature were selected and examined. Results : Besides 104 clinical trials, 14 trials related to CAM (Complementary and Alternative Medicine) were also reviewed. On average, 20 trials were annually conducted and they showed a growing trend. Participants were between 31 and 90 (34.6%), and were observed for less than 30 days (28.8%) in most trials. As intervention methods for clinical trials, non-pharmaceutical methods were used in 59 studies (56.7%), pharmaceutical drug in 43 studies (41.3%) and combinations in 2 studies (1.9%). In 60 studies, only insomnia without any underlying diseases was examined and other 44 studies involved other diseases. As diagnosis assessment tools, Sleep diary and Polysomnography were used. Conclusions : Randomized controlled trials relevant to insomnia were on the increase, but only a small number of clinical trials on Oriental Medicine have been performed. Larger scientific and well-founded randomized controlled trials are required for developing Oriental Medicine and establishing high-quality guideline going forward.