• Title/Summary/Keyword: Randomized

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Conditional Signed-Rank Test for the Tree Alternatives in the Randomized Block Design

  • Yang, Wan-Youn
    • Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.159-168
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    • 1999
  • We introduce a new conditional signed-rank test for the tree alternatives comparing several treatments with a control in the randomized block design. We demonstrate its performance by comparing with 3 classes of signed-rank tests proposed by Park et al.(1991) in some general situations. In most cases the proposed procedure is simpler to compute and has better power than others.

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Understanding Probabilistic Independence using Randomized Response Technique (확률화 응답 기법을 활용한 확률적 독립의 이해)

  • 최경호;김래선
    • School Mathematics
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.101-108
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    • 2001
  • Classroom exercise using the randomized response technique may be used to summarize a high school unit of instruction on probability. In this paper, we show that the derivation of the formula for this technique illustrates basic concepts in probability, such events being mutually disjoint and independent.

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Analysis of Prostitution Survey Using Randomized Response Model(RRM) (확률화응답모형(RRM)을 활용한 성매매조사 분석)

  • Son, Chang-Kyoon;Joo, Jae-Jin
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.17 no.10
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    • pp.65-71
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    • 2017
  • It is true that there is a possibility of distortion in the statistical surveys or actual surveys depending on which investigator, what purpose, and how research method. Even statistical results are more likely to be 'lying', and statistics on crime or delinquent are sometimes referred to as 'whopper'. There are many reasons for not trusting statistics on crime or delinquent, but one of the main causes is the existence of a hidden crime or an unreported crime. In order to overcome these hidden crime problems, victim surveys or self-report surveys are being used. However, this method also has the problem of underreporting or overreporting depending on the type of crime. Because investigations into crime, delinquency, and deviant behavior are very sensitive, the subjects have a psychological burden. A randomized response model has been developed and used in the field of statistics as a way to induce a true answer to the sensitive content which is burdensome to reveal the experiences of the survey subjects. This technique is a very useful way to solve the problems of victim surveys or self-report surveys. Nevertheless, there are very few cases in the field of criminology in Korea. Therefore, in order to examine the applicability of the randomized response model in the field of criminology, this study used the randomized response model to actually measure the content of prostitution for college students and the effectiveness of the randomized response model was confirmed.

Quantity and Quality Assessment of Randomized Controlled Trials in the Journal of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine (한방재활의학과학회지에 수록된 무작위대조시험 연구의 양적, 질적 평가)

  • Kwon, Dong-Hyun;Nam, Jong-Kyung;Jung, Min-Kyu;Kim, Ho-Jun;Lee, Myeong-Jong
    • Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.91-103
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    • 2010
  • Objectives : The purpose of this study is to perform quantity and quality assessment of randomized controlled trials(RCTs) in the journal of oriental rehabilitation medicine(JORM). Methods : Upon extracting randomized controlled trial from all the articles published in the JORM from 1991 to 2009, assessments were made on the adequacy of the consolidated standards of reporting trials(CONSORT) checklist. The assessment were performed independently by two researchers, and adjustment of the differences were done by discussions. Results : Among the 824 articles from 1981 to 1999, 33 RCTs were selected. 4 RCTs were published from 1991 to 2002, and 29 RCTs were published from 2003 to 2009. Adequacy of the CONSORT checklist was 29.4%(27.3% from 1999 to 2005, 31.6% from 2006 to 2009). Conclusions : RCTs of the JORM consistently increased in quantity and quality. But researchers should make an effort to reporting more accurate.

Nonparametric Method for Ordered Alternative in Randomized Block Design (랜덤화 블록 계획법에서 순서대립가설에 대한 비모수검정법)

  • Kang, Yuhyang;Kim, Dongjae
    • The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.61-70
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    • 2014
  • A randomized block design is a method to apply a treatment into the experimental unit of each block after dividing into several blocks with a binded homogeneous experimental unit. Jonckheere (1964) and Terpstra (1952), Page (1963), Hollander (1967) proposed various methods of ordered alternative in randomized block design. Especially, Page (1963) test is a weighted combination of within block rank sums for ordered alternatives. In this paper, we suggest a new nonparametric method expanding the Page test for an ordered alternative. A Monte Carlo simulation study is also adapted to compare the power of the proposed methods with previous methods.

Effects of Breastfeeding Interventions Program on Breastfeeding for Premature babies: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (미숙아를 위한 모유수유 중재 프로그램의 효과: 체계적 문헌고찰과 메타분석)

  • Lee, Ju Yeon;No, Se Hee
    • Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.50-60
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    • 2018
  • Purpose: This study is a systematic literature review and meta-analysis study conducted to identify the effects of breastfeeding intervention program on premature infants by integrating and analyzing the results of randomized controlled trials and non-randomized trials. Methods: The literature review process was based on the PRISMA (Preference Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes) guideline. Data retrieval and collection were conducted from May 25 to May 30, 2018, and the articles analyzed were all domestic papers retrieved from the database. Two reviewers independently select the studies and assessed methodological risk of bias of studies using the Cochrane criteria. The topics of breastfeeding interventions were analyzed using descriptive analysis and the effects of intervention were meta-analyzed using the R program. Results: Finally, eight papers were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The breastfeeding intervention program for premature infants showed a significant increase in the self-efficacy and the amount of pumping and baby's hight. Conclusion: This study has some limitations due to the few randomized controlled trials and non-randomized trials comparing breastfeeding for premature babies in Korea. Therefore, it needs to be integrated with the research conducted in other countries.

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Nonparametric procedures using aligned method and linear placement statistics in randomized block design (랜덤화 블록 계획법에서 정렬방법과 선형위치통계량을 이용한 비모수 검정법)

  • Han, Jinjoo;Kim, Dongjae
    • The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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    • v.29 no.7
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    • pp.1411-1419
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    • 2016
  • Nonparametric procedures in randomized block design was proposed by Friedman (1937) as a general alternative. This method is used to find out the difference in treatment effect. It can cause a loss of inter block information using the ranking in each block. This paper proposed nonparametric procedures using an aligned method proposed by Hodges and Lehmann (1962) to reduce block information based on joint placement suggest by Jo and Kim (2013) in a randomized block design. We also compared the power of the test of the proposed procedures and established method through a Monte Carlo simulation.

Problems and Countermeasures of Control Group Design in Randomized Controlled Trials of Herbal Medicine (한약제제 무작위 대조군 연구에서 대조군 설계의 문제점과 대안)

  • Yun, Young-Hee;Choi, In-Hwa
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.94-101
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    • 2008
  • Objectives : To discuss the types of control groups in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of herbal medicine, and to provide suggestions for improving the design of control group in future clinical trials. Methods : We reviewed the 8 articles about clinical trial design of Chinese herbal preparation which were published from 2005 through 2008. We selected those articles from CNKI(中國知識基礎施設工程(http://www.cnki.net)). Results : It is necessary to have control group in randomized controlled trials(RCTs) of Korean herbal preparation. But there are problems in the selection of appropriate control group drug. This paper lists several problems about the choice of control drug and puts forward some proposals and countermeasures. There are problems such as ethics and manufacturing matching placebo and positive control herbal drug. Conclusion : To improve the quality of control group design, we introduce standard drug plus placebo drug method and add-on research for placebo control group design, double dummy technique, using negative control drug or composite control drug for active control group design.

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Effects of Psychosocial Interventions on Cortisol and Immune Parameters in Patients with Cancer: A Meta-analysis (암 환자에게 적용한 심리사회적 중재가 코티졸과 면역기능에 미친 효과: 메타분석)

  • Oh, Pok Ja;Jang, Eun-Su
    • Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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    • v.44 no.4
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    • pp.446-457
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    • 2014
  • Purpose: This study was done to evaluate the effects of psychosocial interventions on cortisol and immune response in adult patients with cancer. Methods: MEDLINE via PubMed, Cochrane Library CENTRAL, EMBASE, CINAHL and domestic electronic databases were searched. Twenty controlled trials (11 randomized and 9 non-randomized trials) met the inclusion criteria with a total of 862 participants. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane's Risk of Bias for randomized studies and the Risk of Bias Assessment tool for non randomized studies. Data were analyzed using the RevMan 5.2.11 program of Cochrane library. Results: Overall, study quality was moderate to high. The weighted average effect size across studies was -0.32 (95% CI [-0.56, -0.07], p=.010, $I^2 $=45%) for cortisol concentration, -0.62 (95%CI [-0.96,-0.29], p<.001, $I^2 $=0%) for T lymphocyte (CD3) and -0.45 (95%CI [-0.74, -0.16], p=.003, $I^2 $=0%) for Th lymphocyte (CD4) numbers. Psychosocial interventions were not effective for Tc lymphocyte (CD4), NK cell, monocyte, and cytokine response. Conclusion: Although these results provide only small evidence of successful immune modulation, they support the conclusion that psychosocial interventions can assist cancer patients in reducing emotional distress and improving immune response.