• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제25권12호
• /
• pp.1829-1832
• /
• 2004

We have developed a new femtosecond probe technique by using stimulated Raman spectroscopy. The cross phase modulation in femtosecond time scale associated with off-resonant interaction was shown to be eliminated by integrating the transient gain/loss signal over the time delay between the Raman pump pulse and the continuum pulse. The stimulated Raman gain of neat cyclohexane was obtained to demonstrate the feasibility of the technique. Spectral and temporal widths of stimulated Raman spectra were controlled by using a narrow band pass filter. Femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy was proposed as a highly useful probe in time-resolved vibrational spectroscopy.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.156-162
• /
• 2004

The spectroscopic model is proposed to analyze the gain bandwidth of a fiber Raman amplifier (FRA) with a multiple wavelength pumping scheme based on Raman gain theory. The oscillatory lineshape, which is the analytic function to analyze Raman gain spectra, allows us to estimate the gain bandwidth of the FRA. Based on the proposed theoretical modeling, we design and analyze the characteristics of the FRA using the combined multiwavelength pumping sources. We achieved the extended gain bandwidth of the FRA over 80 nm with the small gain ripple less than 0.5 dB. Threshold pumping power and effective noise figure for the FRA can be also analyzed by using the proposed model, which is also applicable for versatile fibers with other doping materials. The proposed analysis method can be useful for the design of FRA with the multiwavelength pumping scheme.

• 한국광학회지
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.89-94
• /
• 1999

파장 1.06$\mu\textrm{m}$ Nd:YAG 펌프레이저의 인가에너지와 라만매질 CH4의 압력변화에 따른 전방과 후방 1.54$\mu\textrm{m}$ 유도라만 산란광(stimulated Raman scattering)의 출력 특성을 동시에 측정하여 전후방 유도라만 산란광 발생을 위한 1.06$\mu\textrm{m}$ 인가문턱 에너지, 라만변환의 기울기 효율 및 라만이득계수(Raman gain coefficient)의 측정값과 이론값을 비교 분석하였다. 압력1000 psi에서 후방 기울기 효율은 약 34%이고 전방은 약 18%를 보였다. 라만매질 CH4의 압력이 증가할수록 전방과 후방 라만이득은 비선형적으로 증가할 뿐만아니라, 후방 대 전방 라만이득비도 증가하였다. 압력 1200 psi 이상에서 후방 대 전방 라만이득비는 약 1.4배가 되었고, 압력 1400 psi에서 후방 라만이득계수는 0.32cm/GW이고 전방에서는 0.23cm/GW로 나타났다. 이와 같은 비대칭적 발생은 전방 라만증폭이 펌프광의 국부적 세기와 작용하는 반면 후방은 펌프광의 평균세기와 상호작용하기 때문이다.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
• /
• 제18권5호
• /
• pp.442-448
• /
• 2014

For the first time, a novel analytical model of the net gain for a Raman-EDFA hybrid optical amplifier (HOA) is proposed and its various parameters optimized using a genetic algorithm. Our method has been shown to be robust in the simultaneous analysis of multiple parameters (Raman length, EDFA length, and pump powers) to obtain large gain. The optimized HOA is further investigated at the system level for the scenario of a 50-channel DWDM system with 0.2-nm channel spacing. With an optimized HOA, a flat gain of >17 dB is obtained over the effective ITU-T wavelength grid with a variation of less than 1.5 dB, without using any gain-flattening technique. The obtained noise figure is also the lowest value ever reported for a Raman-EDFA HOA at reduced channel spacing.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.118-123
• /
• 2014

For multi parameter optimization of Raman Fiber Amplifier (RFA), a simple genetic algorithm is presented in the scenario of a 320 channel Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexed (DWDM) system at channel spacing of 25 GHz. The large average gain (> 22 dB) is observed from optimized RFA with the optimized parameters, such as 39.6 km of Raman length with counter-propagating pumps tuned to 205.5 THz and 211.9 THz at pump powers of 234.3 mW, 677.1 mW respectively. The gain flattening filter (GFF) has also been optimized to further reduce the gain ripple across the frequency range from 190 to 197.975 THz for broadband amplification.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.288-297
• /
• 2008

Recent research efforts on study of silicon photonics utilizing stimulated Raman scattering have largely overlooked temperature effects. In this paper, we incorporated the temperature dependences into the key parameters governing wave propagation in silicon waveguides with Raman gain and investigated how the temperature affects the solution of the coupled-mode equations. We then carried out, as one particular application example, a numerical analysis of the performance of wavelength converters based on stimulated Raman scattering at temperatures ranging from 298 K to 500 K. The analysis predicted, among other things, that the wavelength conversion efficiency could decrease by as much as 12 dB at 500 K in comparison to that at the room temperature. These results indicate that it is necessary to take a careful account of temperature effects in designing, fabricating, and operating Raman silicon photonic devices.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.81-96
• /
• 2002

This paper describes our design of a hybrid amplifier composed of a distributed Raman amplifier and erbium-doped fiber amplifiers for C- and L-bands. We characterize the distributed Raman amplifier by numerical simulation based on the experimentally measured Raman gain coefficient of an ordinary single mode fiber transmission line. In single channel amplification, the crosstalk caused by double Rayleigh scattering was independent of signal input power and simply given as a function of the Raman gain. The double Rayleigh scattering induced power penalty was less than 0.1 dB after 1000 km if the on-off Raman gain was below 21 dB. For multiple channel amplification, using commercially available pump laser diodes and fiber components, we determined and optimized the conditions of three-wavelength Raman pumping for an amplification bandwidth of 32 nm for C-band and 34 nm for L-band. After analyzing the conventional erbium-doped fiber amplifier analysis in C-band, we estimated the performance of the hybrid amplifier for long haul optical transmission. Compared with erbium-doped fiber amplifiers, the optical signal-to-noise ratio was calculated to be higher by more than 3 dB in the optical link using the designed hybrid amplifier.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.342-350
• /
• 2010

An optimal wideband gain flattened hybrid erbium-doped fiber amplifier/fiber Raman amplifier (EDFA/FRA) has been introduced. A new and effective optimization method called particle swarm optimization (PSO) is employed to find the optimized parameters of the EDFA/FRA. Numerous parameters which are the parameters of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) and the fiber Raman amplifier (FRA) define the gain spectrum of a hybrid EDFA/FRA. Here, we optimize the length, $Er^{3+}$ concentration, and pump power and wavelength of the EDFA and also pump powers and wavelengths of the FRA to obtain the flattest operating gain spectrum. Hybrid EDFA/FRA with 6-pumped- and 10-pumped-FRAs have been studied. Gain spectrum variations are 1.392 and 1.043 dB for the 6-pumped- and 10-pumped-FRAs, respectively, in the 108.5 km hybrid EDFA/FRAs, with 1 mW of input signal powers. Dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) system with 60 signal channels in the wavelength range of 1529.2-1627.1 nm, i.e. the wide bandwidth of 98 nm, is studied. In this work, we have added FRA's pump wavelengths to the optimization parameters to obtain better results in comparison with the results presented in our previous works.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• 제29권6호
• /
• pp.779-784
• /
• 2007

In this paper, we report the experimental results of a hybrid wideband fiber amplifier. The amplifying medium is a concatenated hybrid fiber consisting of Er-doped fiber (EDF) and dispersion compensating fiber (DCF). The gain mechanisms are based on stimulated emission in the EDF and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in the DCF. Since we simultaneously use optical amplification by the two processes, the gain bandwidth is easily expanded over 105 nm by a two-tone pumping scheme. Using an experimental setup constructed with a hybrid structure of EDF-DCF-EDF, we analyzed the spectral behavior of amplified spontaneous emission for pumping powers. We achieved an optical gain of over 20 dB in the wavelength range from 1,500 to 1,600 nm under optimized pumping conditions to make the spectral gain shape flat.

• 한국광학회지
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.121-128
• /
• 2001

이 논문에서는 광섬유의 구조에 따라 증폭기 이득과 이중 레일레이 교차 잡음의 함수로서의 라만 광섬유 증폭기의 성능을 살펴보았다. 라만 증폭은 높은 펌프 파워를 필요로 하는 비선형 현상이므로 작은 유효면적을 갖는 광섬유를 사용하면 펌프파워의 효율면에서 장점을 가질 수 있다는 것을 쉽게 생각할 수 있다. 여기서 쉽게 간과할 수 있는 사실이 레일레이 후방 산란에 대한 것이다. 레일레이 후방 산란 역시 광섬유의 유효 면적이 작아짐에 따라 증가함으로 증폭기의 이득 증가에 따른 잡음의 증가도 고려해야 한다. 더구나 이중 레일레이 산란은 증폭 매질인 광섬유내에서 두 번 반사하면서 더욱 크게 증폭된다. 그러므로 이와 같은 이중 레일레이 산란에 의한 시스템 성능 저하가 크게 문제가 될 수 있다. 그러므로 라만 광섬유 증폭기에서 광섬유 구조의 변화에 대해서 얻어지는 이익(증가된 이득)과 시스템 페널티(이중 레일레이 교차 잡음)에 대한 분석이 필요하다 이를 바탕으로 적절한 광섬유를 디자인 함으로써 라만 광섬유증폭기에서 시스템 패널티 없이 라만 증폭 효율을 증가시킬 수 있다.