• 상하수도학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2005

One of the major obstacles confronted in promoting the rainwater harvesting is the concerns of acid rain and heavy metals. Although there are many data concerning the quality of rainwater precipitation for the study of acid rain, the study on the quality of stored rainwater has been limited. In this study, we monitored the quality of stored rainwater at Galmoe middle school, where a rainwater harvesting system is installed and in use for more than two years. We measured water quality parameters such as pH, Electro Conductivity(EC), Dissolved Oxygen(DO), and some metals (aluminium (Al), chromium(Cr), manganese(Mn), zinc(Zn), copper(Cu), arsenic(As), cadmium(Cd), lead(Pb)). The monitoring period was during one year from September 9th 2003 to August 5th 2004. It was observed that the average pH of stored rainwater is neutral. DO is similar to tap water and EC is lower than tap water. Metal Concentrations are within the concentration specified in Drinking Water Quality Standard. Overall, the stored rainwater quality is good enough for sundry use and there's no threat of acid rain and air pollution, if the rainwater harvesting system is well designed and maintained.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.230-238
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• 2008

This study evaluated the economic aspect of the rainwater harvesting facilities by hydrologically analyzing the inflow, rainwater consumption, rainfall loss, tank storage, and overflow time series to derive the net rainwater consumption and the number of days of rainwater available. This study considers several rainwater harvesting facilities in Seoul National University, Korea Institute of Construction Technology and Daejon World Cup Stadium and the results derived are as follows. (1) Increasing the water consumption decreases the number of days of rainwater available. (2) Due to the climate in Korea, a larger tank storage does not increase the amount and the number of days of water consumption during wet season (June to September), but a little in October. (3) Economic evaluation of the rainwater harvesting facilities considered in this study shows no net benefit (private benefit). (5) Flood reduction effect of rainwater harvesting facilities was estimated very small to be about 1% even in the case that 10% of all the basin is used as the rainwater collecting area.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2018년도 학술발표회
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• pp.485-485
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• 2018

Rainwater harvesting system (RWH) can provide a relief for the household and farmers especially in areas with intense water scarcity during the long lull of rainy season. However, much attention has not been given to this alternative water source in Nigeria. This paper estimates the per capita water demand for 1,950 inhabitants and rainwater potential in Ojonbodu Estate, Oyo State, Nigeria, using data from detailed questionnaires, water consumption calculator software, and 20-year rainfall data. The potential rainwater estimation was based on amount of precipitation, size of catchment and runoff coefficient. Consequently, using estimated values of $39420m^3$ and $6.5114{\times}10^7m^3$ for per capita consumption and potential rainwater respectively, the rainwater harvesting system was designed for rainwater collection, and storage. The harvested rainwater was $450, 000m^3$ with collection efficiency of 69.16 %, which exceeded the household water consumption requirement. Thus, the harvested rainwater was able to meet the estimated water demand of the Ojonbodu Estate households during the period of water scarcity.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

This study is to suggest a few efficient ways of rainwater utilization, through monitoring and analyzing 143 rainwater storage systems and 110 artificial recharge systems, which are installed in the recommended facilities by law, among the rainwater harvesting systems in Jeju Island. In the case that catchment facilities are damaged, rainwater could be contaminated by leaves and debris so that the rates of rainwater usages come to be lower. It is possible that contaminated rainwater could contaminate artificial recharge wells or rainwater discharging out of the rainwater harvesting system could result in flood and damage for the downgradient area. For maintaining high quality of rainwater and increasing rainwater utilization rate, it is necessary to install screening facilities and purification plant functioning precipitation and filtration. Also, in order to efficiently preclude the overflowing rainwater exceeding storage capacity, it is recommended to associate rainwater storage tanks with artificial recharge well or infiltration trench facilities.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.109-114
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• 2013

In Cukhe, a village located in the outskirts of Hanoi, Vietnam, people suffer from a shortage of high-quality water due to an arsenic contaminated supply water resource. We installed catchments, filters and settled tanks in the existing rainwater harvesting facility to improve water quality, and ten portable rainwater tanks to provide good-quality drinking water to the poor households and kindergartens in the dry season. The triple bottom line considerations, as well as the environmental, economic, and social impacts of the rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems are examined. RWH is a sustainable method to obtain good-quality drinking water at low cost and with little energy expenditure. Education of the system also encourages that continuation of the system and expansion can lead into economic prosperity, as the safe drinking water can be sold to the community. Hence, RWH is a unique proposal as sustainable drinking supply water for improving the lives and health of residents in Cukhe and other sites where water supply sources are contaminated.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.91-94
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• 2013

Recently Ibadan in southwestern Nigeria has been facing severe water shortage due to the increase of population, social and economic activities. In order to meet the shortfall, attempts to utilize rainwater harvesting (RWH) have been made to provide an alternative source of water supply. A desk study was conducted to review various RWH technologies locally, regionally and globally. A hydrological analysis was also carried out using rainfall data for 30 years from two meteorological stations, with the aim of providing a more sustainable RWH system for water supply to private individuals, organizations, and government agencies. RWH is found to be technically feasible based on the prevailing rainfall pattern with over 90% of households having a rooftop constructed from technically appropriate materials. Results of the study indicate that an average roof of $80m^2$ will collect 82,835 L/yr (45 L/person/day) for a family of five people which is about the required water demand for drinking and cooking purposes. Hence, the capacity of storage tanks and the catchment area required for an all-purpose water supply system based on RWH are quite large. These can be reduced to affordable sizes, by collecting and storing water for cooking and drinking only while non-potable uses are supplemented by water from other sources. However, it must be highlighted that due to the type of roofing material, rainwater should go through proper treatment in order to be used for potable purposes. This study clearly shows that Ibadan city has a good rainwater harvesting potential.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2009년도 학술발표회 초록집
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• pp.524-528
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• 2009

The objectives of this study were to install RCR systems at a typical single family house and a school in Alabama, and evaluate the feasibility and efficiency of using the RCR systems for water harvesting in Alabama. The RCR systemswere equipped with a control system and a CR10X data logger to monitor the system operation and to collect data on precipitation, temperature, overflow, water depth in the storage tank and daily uses of toilet flushing. Daily average water use of the home for toilet flushing was 95 liter and 2100 liter was used at the school during the school days. Rainwater harvesting efficiency was 83.3 and 89 percent and RCR use efficiency was 18 and 98 percent from the home and the school, respectively. A computer program was developed to estimate potential effectiveness of RCR systems. From the analysis result with 10 years rainfall data, a total of 67,000 liters of rainwater could be harvested for domestic uses from a typical single family house which supplies 190 liters per day.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2020

Purpose: Town of Woldia, a semi-arid region in the Northern Wollo region of Ethiopia, faces water supply shortage in general, though the town possesses a running stream of clean water throughout the year. This study is aimed at analyzing the possibility of using rainwater for water scarcity and non-potable water needs of the Woldia University. A careful study and analysis have been made to assess the feasibility of using rainwater in place of the tap water supply. Research design and methodology: This study was done inside the main campus of Woldia University located in Woldia town. The runoff water from the roof of buildings was studied, by the time of rainfall in the town. Also, the budget needed for implementing a rainwater harvesting system was calculated. Results: The findings of the study clearly indicates that the requirements of the water to use for flushing, cleaning, and washing toilets in the administrative buildings and classrooms can be satisfied by using rainwater as an alternative to tap water. Conclusion: Based on the results the study finds it is benefitable for the Woldia University to install the rainwater harvesting system at the earliest to solve the water problems prevailing in the current situation.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2023

In this study, an empirical experiment was conducted to assess the feasibility of replacing groundwater with rainwater in melon cultivation using a smart rainwater harvesting system. The rainwater harvesting efficiency was calculated under three different melon cultivation scenarios. After cultivation, the quality of the fruits grown with rainwater and groundwater was compared by examining the weight, degree of sweetness, and flesh hardness of the products. The results revealed that the water quality of the smart rainwater harvesting device was suitable for melon cultivation to provide better hardness and chloride levels than groundwater. It was also estimated that about 40% of the total water demand for full growth of the melon could be supplied by rainwater. The fruit weight and sweetness were equivalent or slightly better for the melons cultivated with rainwater than those cultivated with groundwater. In particular, the flesh hardness was significantly improved by rainwater cultivation. These results collectively suggest that rainwater can be used as a substitute for groundwater to preserve groundwater resources without compromizing the produced fruit quality.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.223-231
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• 2013

전 세계적으로 발생하고 있는 국지성 집중호우, 가뭄, 혹서, 태풍, 해수면 상승 등과 같은 징후는 기후변화가 진행되고 있음을 보여준다. 이러한 기후변화로 인해 일정빈도이상의 과도한 강우가 발생하면 필리핀의 마닐라는 높은 도시화와 홍수에 취약한 구조 때문에 홍수피해가 빈번하게 발생한다. 마닐라의 홍수조절 기능 및 생활용수 공급은 Angat댐을 통해서만 관리되기 때문에 홍수방지와 원활한 물공급을 위해 가정용우수저류시설은 최적의 대체자원이 될 수 있다. 가정용우수저류시설에 의해 공급되는 물은 여과 및 살균과 같은 수처리 과정을 거쳐 식수로 사용될 수 있으며 수처리 과정을 거치지 않은 잡용수는 세정, 세차, 청소 등의 목적으로 사용할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 기후조건을 적용하여 가정용우수저류시설의 잠재가용량과 잠재가용성을 결정하기 위해 마닐라에 위치한 5개 강우관측소에서 갈수해, 평수해, 강수해로 구분하여 강우자료를 수집하였다. 필리핀은 대부분의 지역이 도시화되어 과도한 강우 발생시 많은 양의 우수가 발생되었으며 본 연구의 결과를 통해 가정용우수저류시설의 사용은 잡용수의 대체자원으로서 적절한 대안이 될 것으로 판단된다.