• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.183-190
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was the purification and characterization of an angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptide purified from enzymatic hydrolysates of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss muscle. After removal of lipid, the approximate composition analysis of the rainbow trout revealed 24.4%, 1.7%, and 68.3% for protein, lipid, and moisture, respectively. Among six hydrolysates, the peptic hydrolysate exhibited the highest ACE inhibitory activity. We attempted to purify ACE inhibitory peptides from peptic hydrolysate using high performance liquid chromatography on an ODS column. The $IC_{50}$ value of purified ACE inhibitory peptide was $63.9{\mu}M$. The amino acid sequence of the peptide was identified as Lys-Val-Asn-Gly-Pro-Ala-Met-Ser-Pro-Asn-Ala-Asn, with a molecular weight of 1,220 Da, and the Lineweaver-Burk plots suggested that they act as a competitive inhibitor against ACE. Our study suggested that novel ACE inhibitory peptides purified from rainbow trout muscle protein may be beneficial as anti-hypertension compounds in functional foods.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.141-146
• /
• 2016

Experimental infection of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss with viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV, genotype IVa) from olive flounder Paralichtys olivaceus was examined. The cumulative mortalities of three different lot of rainbow trout fry challenged with VHSV ($10^{6.3-7.3}TCID_{50}$/fish) were less than 15%. No difference of virulence was observed in experimental infection using 5 in vivo passaged VHSV and original VHSV. No mortality was observed in seawater-reared rainbow trout (adult) challenged with VHSV ($10^{5.3-6.3}TCID_{50}$/fish) and virus was not detected in the fish. We thus concluded that VHSV from olive flounder has low virulence to rainbow trout fry, but not pathogenic to seawater-rainbow trout (adult).

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.14-14
• /
• 1995

The effect of lipoxygenase (LOX) on the oxidation and co-oxidation of lipid fraction was studied in the model system of rainbow trout. For the reaction in model system 1 g of lipid fraction and 50mL of enzyme extract(LOX, 140 unit in 50mL phosphate buffer solution at pH 7,4)), which were obtained from rainbow trout, were homoginized in the presence of Tween 20 and kept at 23$\circ$C for 3 days. The activity of LOX was decreased to 43% of initial level during the reaction in the model system. The initial composition of rainbow trout lipid was showed to be consisted of trigliceride(TG;82%) and free fatty acid(FFA;0.1%), while this converted to 59% of TG and 20% of FIFA, respectively after reaction in model system. Change of fatty acid composition was also observed and the content of linoleic acid, one of the major fatte acids, was decreased to 13% from 54% in the content of total fatty acids after reaction. The carotenoids in rainbow trout were composed of 0.4% $\alpha$-carotene, 1.6% $\beta$ -carotene, 80% canthaxanthin, 7% lutein and 11% zeaxanthin, thus the canthaxanthin was the major component. This canthaxanthin was the most degraded carotenoid by lipoxygenase catalyzed co-oxidation during the reaction. On the other hand the tocopherol isomers found in the rainbow trout were $\alpha$ and $\beta$ -tocopherol, and $\alpha$-tocopherol had a higher degradation rate by the lipoxygenase catalyzed co-oxidation than of $\beta$-tocopherol in the reaction of model system.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.183-188
• /
• 2015

Recently, mariculture of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) has been initiated in the coast areas of Korea. In the present study, we investigated the effect of fish viruses on mariculture of rainbow trout. The pathogenicity of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) isolated from freshwater rainbow trout was tested against major cultured marine fish species, including olive flounder (Paralichtys olivaceus), rock fish (Sebastes schlegeli), rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus), red seabream (Pagrus major) and sevenband grouper (Epinephelus septemfasciatus). The pathogenicity of marine birnavirus (MABV), hirame rhabdovirus (HIRRV) and nervous necrosis virus (NNV) isolated from marine fish species was also tested against rainbow trout. No mortality was observed in marine fish species challenged with IHNV or IPNV. However, olive flounder and rock bream were infected by IHNV and IPNV. A mortality of 8.3% was observed in rainbow trout challenged with HIRRV. The fish was infected by both MABV and NNV. These results suggest that the mariculture of rainbow trout might be affected by fish viruses.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.39-56
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of science gifted students who participated in science gifted activity using rainbow. For this purpose, the science gifted activity using rainbow was developed and applied to 23 seventh grade science gifted students. The results indicated that gifted students had various concepts and ideas of optics. For example, some gifted students thought that there was rainbowshaped light at the place of rainbow, and another considered the process of dispersion of light in a waterdrop would be same as the process of the dispersion in the prism. Also, various rainbow theories and scientific imagination of gifted students were found. For devising new rainbow, gifted students used two strategies, 'changing the features' and 'changing conditions'. In addition, we discussed effective methods of applying this activity and implications to science gifted education.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.697-708
• /
• 2019

In this paper, we propose and implement a method to optimize Rainbow for 8 bit MCU(Microcontroller Unit). As quantum computers have been developed, the security of existing cryptography, especially the signature algorithms, has been threatened, so it is necessary to apply a signature scheme with a quantum-resistance to IoT devices. Currently, the proposed PQC(Post Quantum Cryptography) are lattice-based, hash-based, code-based, and MQ(Multivariate Quadratic)-based cryptographic algorithms and signature schemes. In particular, MQ-based signature schemes are faster than conventional signature schemes and are suitable for IoT devices Do. However, it is difficult to apply 8-bit MCU, which has a large key length and large number of computations, to the memory and performance of IoT devices. In this paper, we propose a method of storing Rainbow, which is a MQ-based signing scheme, in 8-bit MCU by dividing the key and optimizing the computation method. By reducing the memory consumption and improving the algorithm speedily, Compare performance.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.87-95
• /
• 2006

Objective : We suggested the clinical effect of Rainbow therapy on Bell's palsy. Methods : 20 Bell's palsy patients were divided into two groups. One group(A group) was treated by acupunture and the other group(B group) was treated by acupunture and Rainbow therapy. The effect of these treatments was evaluated by Yanagihara's unweighted grading system and House-Brackmann grading system. Results and Conclusions : In Yanagihara's unweighted grading system After 1 week and 2weeks treatment, group B marked more higher than group A in treatment outcome. We discovered that it is significant differences between two groups. After 3 weeks treatment, group B marked more higher than group A in treatment outcome but it is not significant differences between two groups. In House-Brackmann's facial nerve grading system, After 1 week treatment, group B marked more higher than group A in treatment outcome. We discovered that it is significant differences between two groups. After 2 weeks and 3 weeks treatment, group A marked more higher than group A in treatment outcome but it is not significant differences between two groups.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.17 no.9 s.89
• /
• pp.1244-1247
• /
• 2007

Effects of muscle fluid concentrates from Styela clava on fish diets were investigated in rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish were fed on one of the isonitrogenous(48%) and isolipic(20%) feed containing 5 to 20% of muscle fluid concentrates for 8 weeks. Hematological parameters such as hemoglobin, hematocrit, albumin, glucose, total bililubin, triglyceride and glutamic pyruvate transaminase of the rainbow trout which were fed on the diets varied, but no specific trend became apparent. However, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase value was significantly higher than that of normal fishes. Therefore, concentrated ascidian fluid which is normally discarded, can be combined with commercial diets for the normal growth of rainbow trout.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.50 no.5
• /
• pp.624-629
• /
• 2017

A rainbow trout Onchorhynchus mykiss farm located in Gangwon province, South Korea, experienced approximately 10% mortality in June 2017. Most diseased fish had a markedly distended, gas-filled stomach, and exhibited abnormal behavior at the water surface. In this study, we attempted to identify the cause of stomach distension syndrome in those rainbow trout. The stomach of most of the affected fish were full of unidentified gases and some exudate, and yeast was isolated from the stomach mucosa. Pure cultures of yeast were identified using a multilocus sequence typing scheme based on 18S rRNA, internal transcribed spacers, large subunit rRNA, and the gene encoding the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB1). The RPB1 gene sequences were compared with those of related species available in a database. The yeast was identified as Scheffersomyces coipomoensis (Candida coipomoensis) based on sequence analyses. This is the first study to reveal that Sch. coipomoensis is a potential causative agent of stomach distension syndrome in farmed rainbow trout. Our results will be helpful for future related studies, and indicate that farmers and stakeholders should observe this emerging disease closely.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.19-23
• /
• 1998

Effects of pituitary and thyroid hormones on estradiol-induced vitellogenin (VTG) induction were electrophoretically examined in primary hepatocyte cultures of rainbow trout. Hepatocytes were precultured for 2 days and then estradiol-17 $\beta$ $(E_2,\;2 \times 10^{-6}M)$>, triiodothyronine $(T_3,\;10^{-8}-10^{-6}M)$, bovine growth hormone (bGH, 10-100 ng/ml), ovine prolactin (oPRL, 100-500 ng/ml), and pituitary extract (PE) of rainbow trout (0.75PE/dish) were added to the incubation medium. The hepatocytes were cultured for 7 more days. The addition of oPRL to the incubation medium was not effective in increasing VTG production at any concentrations. The addition of PE to the incubation medium with $E_2$ was not effective in increasing VTG production. The addition of bGH to the incubation medium with $E_2$ was not effective in increasing the rate of VTG production at concentrations of 10-50 ng/ml. However, a higher concentration of bGH, 100 ng/ml, increased VTG production. The various concentrations of $T_3$ were ineffective in stimulating VTG production. These results suggest that GH could be one of stimulus factors for VTG production in rainbow trout.