• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.58-61
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• 2022

Mega cisterna magna (MCM), one of the members of the Dandy-Walker complex, is a developmental malformation of the posterior fossa that is larger than 10 mm but morphologically does not affect the vermis and cerebellar hemispheres. Reports of psychiatric disorders associated with this anomaly are rare. We present the case of a patient with MCM who presented with a psychotic manic attack and was diagnosed with bipolar disorder. A 28-year-old female, single housewife, university graduate, presented with irritability, decreased sleep and appetite, distraction, and agitation. The patient also had a delusion of reference. In the clinical follow-up, an increase in energy and an increase in the amount of speech were observed. Her neurological examination was normal, and cranial magnetic resonance imaging revealed an MCM. The relationship and clinical significance of MCM with psychosis and mood disorders have not yet been fully elucidated. It is not known whether this association is accidental or based on etiological commonality. The purpose of this case report is to review the relationship between the cerebellum and psychiatric symptoms and to contribute to the literature.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.181-185
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• 2023

We present a case report of a 52-year-old male patient who suffered head trauma in a car accident and subsequently experienced taste and smell disorders. Following the accident, the patient reported difficulty detecting salty and sour tastes and diminished olfactory perception. Neurosurgical evaluation revealed subarachnoid and subdural hemorrhages, while otolaryngology investigations revealed hyposmia-a decreased sense of smell. Upon referral to the Department of Oral Medicine, a comprehensive assessment revealed a general bilateral reduction in taste sensation, particularly ageusia for salty taste. Electric taste-detection thresholds significantly exceeded the normal ranges. Integrating our findings from neurosurgery, otolaryngology, and oral medicine resulted in a diagnosis of mixed chemosensory disorder attributed to head trauma. This case highlights the intricate interplay of alterations in taste and smell following head injury, emphasizing the significance of multidisciplinary evaluations in diagnosing mixed chemosensory disorders resulting from traumatic brain injury.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2018

The main issue of CT is radiation dose reduction to patient. The purpose of this study was to estimate the image quality and dose by iterative reconstruction (IR) for adults and pediatrics. Adult and pediatric images of phantom were obtained with 120 and 140 kV, respectively, in accordance with radiation dose in terms of volume CT dose index ($CTDI_{vol}$): 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 mGy. Then, the adult and the pediatric images are reconstructed by filtered-backprojection (FBP) and iterative reconstruction (IR). The images were analyzed by signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). SNR is improved when IR and 140 kV are applied to acquire adult and pediatric images. In the adult abdomen, according to diagnostic reference level, the SNR values of bone were increased about 27.84 % and 27.77 % at 120 kV and 140 kV, and the tissue's SNR values of the IR were increased about 29.84 % and 33.46 % 120 and 140 kV, respectively. Dose is reduced to 40% in adults abdomen images when using IR reconstruction. In pediatric images, the bone's SNR were also increased about 17.70% and 18.17 % at 120 kV and 140 kV. The tissue's SNR were increased about 26.73 % and 26.15 % at 120 kV and 140 kV. Radiation dose is reduced from 30% to 50% for bone and tissue images. In the case of examinations for adult and pediatric CT, IR technique reduces radiation dose to patient, and it could be applied to adult and pediatric imaging.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.585-595
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• 2020

Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) has become an important technique for examining changes in human brain structure with neurological disorders. Brain development is a very complex process, and is affected by neurogenesiss and genetic programs. As age increases, structures of the brain change, which can contribute to the formation of brain diseases. Among the various factors, Gender is one of the greatest influential factors that affect the development of a healthy brain. The images were analyzed through various programs found in FSL such as SIENAX, FIRST, and Vertex analysis. Our results show that significant gender-related differences in subcortical areas were observed at the particular age group. The magnitude of these differences between gender and volume varied depending on the area investigated. In this study, we used more advanced 3T MRI for the structural analysis of subcortical structures between each gender. In addition, Vertex Analysis was used to visualize the volumetric differences in subcortical structures between each gender. This study is limited to groups in their 70s, therefore, further studies are needed for wider age groups.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.175-180
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• 2020

Purpose: In this study, we used ultrasonography to monitor the use of hyaluronic acid (HA) as a filler in the face for esthetic reasons. We monitored changes in the filler shape, distribution, and relationship with adjacent anatomical structures over a 180-day period. Materials and Methods: Two patients each received an ultrasound-guided injection of HA, with different products and application sites for each patient. In 1 patient, the injection was administered in the angle of the mandible, while in the other, it was administered in the zygomatic region. The injection sites were monitored via ultrasonography at 24 hours, 30 days, and 180 days, at which times the imaging characteristics of the filler were observed. All injections were performed by the same professional, as were the ultrasound exams, which were conducted using the same equipment. Results: In both cases, the HA fillers were visualized using ultrasound at all time points. Some differences were observed between the cases in the images and the distribution of the pockets of filler. In 1 case, the filler appeared as a dark hypoechoic region with well-defined contours, and the material was observed to have moved posteriorly by the 180-day mark. In the other case, the material appeared hyperechoic relative to the previous case and presented no noticeable changes in its anteroposterior distribution over time. Conclusion: Based on these 2 cases, ultrasonography can be a complementary tool used to monitor facial fillers over the long term, allowing for the dynamic observation of different fillers.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.89-94
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the relationship between pterygoid plate asymmetry and temporomandibular joint disorders. Materials and Methods: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 60 patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) involving pain were analyzed and compared with images of 60 age-and gender-matched controls. Three observers performed linear measurements of the lateral pterygoid plates. Results: Statistically significant differences were found between measurements of the lateral pterygoid plates on the site that had pain and the contralateral site (p<0.05). The average length of the lateral pterygoid plates (LPPs) in patients with TMD was $17.01{\pm}3.64mm$ on the right side and $16.21{\pm}3.51mm$ on the left side, and in patients without TMD, it was $11.86{\pm}1.97mm$ on the right side and $11.98{\pm}1.85mm$ on the left side. Statistically significant differences in the LPP length, measured on CBCT, were found between patients with and without TMD (p<0.05). The inter-examiner reliability obtained in this study was very high for all the examiners (0.99, 95% confidence interval: 0.98-0.99). Conclusion: Within the limits of the present study, CBCT lateral pterygoid plate measurements at the side with TMD were found to be significantly different from those on the side without TMD. More research is needed to explore potential etiological correlations and implications for treatment.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.81-87
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• 2015

Purpose: Contrast, sharpness, enhancement, and density can be changed in digital systems. The important question is to what extent the changes in these variables affect the accuracy of caries detection. Materials and Methods: Forty eight extracted human posterior teeth with healthy or proximal caries surfaces were imaged using a photostimulable phosphor (PSP) sensor. All original images were processed using a six-step method: (1) applying "Sharpening 2" and "Noise Reduction" processing options to the original images; (2) applying the "Magnification 1:3" option to the image obtained in the first step; (3) enhancing the original images by using the "Diagonal/"option; (4) reviewing the changes brought about by the third step of image processing and then, applying "Magnification 1:3"; (5) applying "Sharpening UM" to the original images; and (6) analyzing the changes brought about by the fifth step of image processing, and finally, applying "Magnification 1:3." Three observers evaluated the images. The tooth sections were evaluated histologically as the gold standard. The diagnostic accuracy of the observers was compared using a chi-squared test. Results: The accuracy levels irrespective of the image processing method ranged from weak (18.8%) to intermediate (54.2%), but the highest accuracy was achieved at the sixth image processing step. The overall diagnostic accuracy level showed a statistically significant difference (p=0.0001). Conclusion: This study shows that the application of "Sharpening UM" along with the "Magnification 1:3" processing option improved the diagnostic accuracy and the observer agreement more effectively than the other processing procedures.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.995-1003
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to survey and analyze the effects of organizational culture, leadership and organizational commitment on organizational satisfaction among radiological technologist working in hospitals in Busan. As a result, the scores of organizational culture, organizational commitment and job satisfaction of the tertiary university hospital were significantly higher (p<0.05, p<0.001). In the group with no turnover experience, the organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and organizational effectiveness scores were significantly higher (p<0.05). Job satisfaction scores of the department of nuclear medicine were significantly higher (p<0.05). Hierarchical regression analysis showed that organizational commitment had the highest impact on job satisfaction of radiological technologist (β=0.564, p<0.001). radiological technologist play a large part in hospital tissues in the diagnosis of disease. Therefore, based on the results of this study, it is helpful to analyze the relationship between the radiological history, organizational culture, leadership and organizational commitment in order to improve the job satisfaction of radiological technologists.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.147-153
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• 2020

This study was to evaluate the usability of self-developed phantom for evaluating automatic exposure control (AEC) using three-dimensions (3D) printer. 3D printer of fused deposition modeling (FDM) type was utilized to make the self-developed AEC phantom and image acquisitions were conducted by two different type of scanners. The self-developed AEC phantom consisted of four different size of portions. As a result, two types of phantom (pyramid and pentagon shape) were created according to the combination of the layers. For evaluating the radiation dose with the two types of phantom, the values of tube current, computed tomography dose index volume (CTDIvol), and dose length product (DLP) were compared. As a result, it was confirmed that the values of tube current were properly reflected according to the thickness, and the CTDIvol and DLP were not significantly changed regardless of AEC functions of different scanners. In conclusion, the self-developed phantom by using 3D printer could assess whether the AEC function works well. So, we confirmed the possibility that a self-made phantom could replace the commercially expensive AEC performance evaluation phantom.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.261-267
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• 2017

Purpose: Analyzing different patterns of maxillary sinus septa in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images and predicting maxillary sinus membrane perforations. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, CBCT images of 222 patients ranging from 20 to 81 years old were evaluated. One hundred fifty-two patients (93 females and 59 males) who had maxillary sinus septa in axial views were included in this study. Cross-sectional images were used to determine classifications of sinus septa and the risk of membrane perforation using a method modified from Al-Faraje et al. Variables of sex, age, and dental status were considered. Chi-squared and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for data analysis(P<.05). Results: In this study, 265 maxillary sinus septal patterns were found. The mean age of the patients was $44.1{\pm}14.7$ years old. The Class I and VII-div II patterns had the greatest and least prevalence, respectively. Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between the location of septa and the frequency of membrane perforation risk (P<.05). In this study, the relationship of different patterns of septa with dental status did not differ significantly (P>0.05). Conclusion: A higher prevalence of moderate risk of membrane perforation in the molar region relative to the premolar region was observed. Furthermore, maxillary sinus septa occur most frequently in the molar region, demonstrating the importance of paying attention to this region during sinus lift surgery. This study did not show any relationship between tooth loss and the presence of septa.