• Title/Summary/Keyword: Radiological Assessment

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Effects of SBAR Program on Communication Clarity, Clinical Competence and Self-efficacy for Nurses in Cancer Hospitals (SBAR 프로그램이 암 병동 간호사의 의사소통명확성, 임상수행능력과 자기효능감에 미치는 효과)

  • Kim, Youn Hwa;Choi, Yooun Sook;Jun, Hye Young;Kim, Myung Ja
    • The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.20-29
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    • 2016
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendations(SBAR) program and to test the effects of the program on communication clarity, clinical competence, and self-efficacy for clinical nurses in cancer hospitals. Methods: This study applied a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. There were 28 participants in the intervention group and 27 in the control group. SBAR program consisted of 4 parts and applied for 6 weeks in the intervention group. Data were analyzed with ${\chi}^2$ test, Fisher's exact test, t-test and ANCOVA using the SPSS program. Results: Communication clarity, clinical competence and self efficacy were significantly increased in the intervention group compared to those in the control group. Conclusion: These results suggest that SBAR program may improve communication clarity, clinical competence and self-efficacy for clinical nurses in cancer hospitals. Therefore, it is required to actively take advantage of this program to improve communication clarity among medical staffs, clinical competence, and self-efficacy in clinical nursing practices.

An Assessment of Entrance Surface Dose Using the nanoDot Dosimeter (나노도트선량계를 이용한 입사표면선량의 평가)

  • Kim, Jong-Eon;Im, In-Chul;Park, Cheol-Woo
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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    • v.5 no.6
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    • pp.377-381
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    • 2011
  • The purpose of this study is an assessment between the measured value of the nanoDot dosimeter and the calculated value of Non Dosimeter Dosimetry-Method(NDD-M) for entrance surface dose in general radiography. Measurement and calculation of the entrance surface doses were performed for head(AP), abdomen(AP), pelvis(AP), thoracic spine(AP) and lumbar spine(AP). As a result, the relative ratios of the measured value to the calculated value were acquired 1.5-2.1 for each region. Reproducibility acquired 0.035 as a coefficient of variation.

Evaluation of Absorbed Dose According to Nanoparticle Density During the Breast Cancer Brachytherapy (유방암 근접치료 시 나노입자의 밀도에 따른 흡수선량 평가)

  • Lee, Deuk-Hee;Nam, Ji-Hee;Kim, Jung-Hoon
    • Journal of radiological science and technology
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    • v.42 no.2
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    • pp.131-135
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    • 2019
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of brachytherapy of breast cancer by dose assessment which a steady increased in Korea women. The dose assessment was performed using the MCNPX program, a MonteCarlo simulation technique. The sources used for brachytherapy was 192Ir. And nanoparticle which used for dose enhancement was gold. The density of nanoparticle was 7, 18 and 30 mg. Evaluation of absorbed dose according to distance is measured at a distance of 30, 50, 100 and 200 cm from the patient. As a result, The breast absorbed dose results increased in proportion to the density of nanoparticle. And the surrounding organs were not significantly different according to the density. But, in some organs, the absorbed dose decreased as the density of nanoparticles increased. Absorbed dose according to the distance was in inverse proportion to distance.

An Assessment of the Usefulness of Time of Flight in Magnetic Resonance Angiography Covering the Aortic Arch

  • Yoo, Yeong-Jun;Choi, Sung-Hyun;Dong, Kyung-Rae;Ji, Yun-Sang;Choi, Ji-Won;Ryu, Jae-Kwang
    • Journal of Radiation Industry
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.325-332
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    • 2018
  • Carotid angiography covering the aortic arch includes contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CEA), which is applied to a large region and usually employs contrast media. However, the use of contrast media can be dangerous in infants, pregnant women, and patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). Follow-up patients informed of a lesion may also want to avoid constant exposure to contrast media. We aimed to apply time-of-flight (TOF) angiography to a large region and compare its usefulness with that of CEA. Ten patients (mean age, 58 years; range, 45~75 years) who visited our hospital for magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) participated in this study. A 3.0 Tesla Achieva magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system (Philips, Netherland) and the SENSE NeuroVascular 16-channel coil were employed for both methods. Both methods were applied simultaneously to the same patient. Three TOF stacks were connected to cover the aortic arch through the circle of Willis, and CEA was applied in the same manner. For the quantitative assessment, the acquired images were used to set the regions of interest (ROIs) in the common carotid artery (CCA) bifurcation, internal carotid artery, external carotid artery, middle cerebral artery, and vertebral artery, and to obtain the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) for the soft tissues. Three radiologists and one radiological resident performed the qualitative assessment on a 5-point scale - 1 point, "very bad"; 2 points, "bad"; 3 points, "average"; 4 points, "good"; and 5 points, "very good" - with regard to 4 items: (1) sharpness, (2) distortion, (3) vein contamination, and (4) expression of peripheral vessels. For the quantitative assessment, we estimated the mean SNR and CNR in each of the 5 ROIs. In general, the mean SNR was higher in TOF angiography (166.1, 205.2, 154.39, 172.23, and 161.95) than in CEA(92.05, 95.43, 84.76, 73.69, and 88.3). Both methods had a similar mean CNR: 67.62, 106.71, 55.9, 73.74, and 63.46 for TOF angiography, and 67.82, 71.19, 60.52, 49.45, and 64.07 for CEA. In all ROIs, the mean SNR was statistically significant (p<0.05), whereas the mean CNR was insignificant (p>0.05). The mean values of TOF angiography and CEA for each item in the qualitative assessment were 4.2 and 4.28, respectively for item 1; 2.93 and 4.55, respectively, for item 2; 4.6 and 3.13, respectively, for item 3; and 2.88 and 4.65, respectively, for item 4. Therefore, TOF angiography had a higher mean for item 3, and CEA had a higher mean for items 2 and 4; there was no significant difference between the two methods for item 1. The results for item 1 were statistically insignificant (p>0.05), whereas the results for items 2~4 were statistically significant (p<0.05). Both methods have advantages and disadvantages and they complement each other. However, CEA is usually applied to a large region covering the aortic arch. Time-of-flight angiography may be useful for people such as infants, pregnant women, CRF patients, and followup patients for whom the use of contrast media can be dangerous or unnecessary, depending on the circumstance.

An Approach to Estimation of Radiological Source Term for a Severe Nuclear Accident using MELCOR code (MELCOR 코드를 이용한 원자력발전소 중대사고 방사선원항 평가 방법)

  • Han, Seok-Jung;Kim, Tae-Woon;Ahn, Kwang-Il
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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    • v.27 no.6
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    • pp.192-204
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    • 2012
  • For a severe accident of nuclear power plant, an approach to estimation of the radiological source term using a severe accident code(MELCOR) has been proposed. Although the MELCOR code has a capability to estimate the radiological source term, it has been hardly utilized for the radiological consequence analysis mainly due to a lack of understanding on the relevant function employed in MELCOR and severe accident phenomena. In order to estimate the severe accident source term to be linked with the radiological consequence analysis, this study proposes 4-step procedure: (1) selection of plant condition leading to a severe accident(i.e., accident sequence), (2) analysis of the relevant severe accident code, (3) investigation of the code analysis results and post-processing, and (4) generation of radiological source term information for the consequence analysis. The feasibility study of the present approach to an early containment failure sequence caused by a fast station blackout(SBO) of a reference plant (OPR-1000), showed that while the MELCOR code has an integrated capability for severe accident and source term analysis, it has a large degree of uncertainty in quantifying the radiological source term. Key insights obtained from the present study were: (1) key parameters employed in a typical code for the consequence analysis(i.e., MACCS) could be generated by MELCOR code; (2) the MELOCR code simulation for an assessment of the selected accident sequence has a large degree of uncertainty in determining the accident scenario and severe accident phenomena; and (3) the generation of source term information for the consequence analysis relies on an expert opinion in both areas of severe accident analysis and consequence analysis. Nevertheless, the MELCOR code had a great advantage in estimating the radiological source term such as reflection of the current state of art in the area of severe accident and radiological source term.

Availability Assessment about Implementing Lower Extremity Venography after Cementless of Total Knee Replacement (인공관절 수술 후의 하지정맥조영술 시행에 관한 유용성 평가)

  • Hong Jung Pyo;Han Sang Sub;Lee Pyeong Jae;Oh Jae seon;Kwon Young Ho
    • Journal of The Korean Radiological Technologist Association
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.124-130
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    • 2004
  • To evaluate about usefulness of lower extremity venography to diagnose and prevent in assessment about human work cementless of total knee replacement after surgical operation patient's deep vein thrombosis something wrong of other vein with swelling, ana

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Selection of Key Radionuclides for P&T Based on Radiological Impact Assessment for the Deep Geological Disposal of Spent PWR/CANDU/DUPIC Fuels

  • Lee, Dong-Won;Chung, Chang-Hyun;Kim, Chang-Lak;Park, Joo-Wan
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • v.33 no.2
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    • pp.231-240
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    • 2001
  • When it is assumed that PWR, CANDU and DUPIC spent fuels are disposed of in deep geological repository, consequent annual individual doses are calculated, and it is shown that doses meet the regulatory limit. From these results, the hazardous radionuclides applicable to partitioning and transmutation are selected. These selected radionuclides such as Tc-99, Ⅰ-129, Cs-135 and Np-237 are then reviewed in terms of partitioning and transmutation. Separation of I-129, Np-237 and Tc-99 from spent fuels is considered desirable, and transmutation of these radionuclides results in remarkable hazard reduction. However, it is concluded that separation and transmutation of Cs-135 may be ineffective although it is classified into a hazardous radionuclide.

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Analysis of Radioactivity Concentrations in Cigarette Smoke and Tobacco Risk Assessment (담배연기와 담뱃잎 내 함유된 방사능 농도분석 및 위해도 평가)

  • Lee, Se-Ryeong;Lee, Sang-Bok;Kim, Jeong-Yoon;Kim, Ji-Min;Bang, Yei-jin;Lee, Doo-Seok;Jo, Hyung-Joon;Kim, Sungchul
    • Journal of radiological science and technology
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    • v.44 no.5
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    • pp.489-494
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    • 2021
  • In this study, radioactivity quantitative analysis was performed on radon contained in cigarette, and the effective dose was calculated using the result value to determine the amount of exposure caused by smoking. A total of 5 types of cigarettes were sampled. Cigarette smoke was collected by using activated carbon, and tobacco were measured by homogenizing for quantitative analysis. For each sample, Bi-214 and Pb-214 were subjected to gamma nuclide analysis to observe the uranium-based radioactive material contained in cigarette, and a measurement time of 30,000 seconds was set for the sample based on the results of previous studies. As a result of measuring the radioactivity of tobacco, a maximum of 0.715 Bq/kg was derived, and in the case of cigarette smoke measured using activated carbon, a maximum of 3.652 Bq/kg was derived. Using this measurement, the average effective dose to the lungs is 0.938 mSv/y, and it was found that there is a possibility of receiving exposure up to 1.099 mSv/y depending on the type of tobacco. It was found that the exposure dose due to cigarette occupies a large proportion of the annual effective dose limit for the general public. Therefore, more diverse studies on radioactive substances in cigarette are needed, and measures to monitor and reduce the incidental exposure to radon should be established.