• BMB Reports
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.715-719
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• 2004

The fate of Telfairia occidentalis seed Agglutinin, TOA, has been monitored during germination. While the level of the Agglutinin in the cotyledons decreased sharply in the first three days to about half of the initial level, it stabilises at this level for the following twelve days. In this interval, Agglutinin activity becomes manifest in the radicle on the fourth day, peaking on the fifth and decreasing rapidly thereafter. In the plumule, the lectin activity becomes manifest on the sixth day, peaks on the seventh and decreases rapidly thereafter. No lectin activity is detectable in any plant tissue including the rump of the cotyledons twenty-seven days after germination. The implications of these observations on the possible role of lectins in plants are discussed.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 1970

This experiment was designed to get some information on the parts in which necrosis occurs first in the embryo of rice, and on the phenomenon of necrosis that develops into other parts. Norin No.6 harvested in 1967 was used for this experiment and necrosis appearance was investigated by the T.T.C. method. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1) Necrosis of the embryo in rice occurred in the plumule initially. 2) It was observed that the necrosis developed from the plumule to the radicle. 3) Finally, it was shown that necrosis developed from the surface tissue of the embryo to the inside tissue.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.169-172
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• 1999

Small-seeded legumes can be cultured enclosed in slant agar tubes if dlese plants are to he used for authenicaiing rhizobia or for enumerating 1-hizobia by the plant-inlection technique. An improved method has been developed with substiluting agar slant lor Korean paper(Har7ji). This method was panicularly useful for legumes with rigid radicle such as Cn.xsin 1mnmame. With this method Bmr!,~li1rzobin,17 sp. stram CN9135 on C nonmne induced root nodules biginning at day 7 of the nodulation period in 6% of the l ~ l a ~ l s , and all of ihe plants nodulated 14 days after inoculation by strain CN9135.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.146-153
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• 1985

This study was conducted to know the effect of vinyl mulching from the sowing to germination on the seedbed for germination and production of seedling. Embryo growth was restrained with decreasing the water content in seed and stopped below 10% water content. Germination was possible over 55% water content but radicle growth was stopped at 55% water content. Ratioes of embryo / emdosperm length were about 50% at seeding time, and about 80% at just before freeing season, and the ratio was increased from the thawing season again. Vinyl mulching increased the soil water content and soil temperature. Germination rate and number of available seedling in vinyl mulching were increased 10% and 12%, respectively.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.199-203
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• 2009

Rugosa rose (Rosa rugosa) is cultivated as a garden flower and an important genetic resource for the breeding of roses (R. hybrida). This study describes culture conditions for high frequency plant regeneration from zygotic embryo explants via somatic embryogenesis in rugosa rose. Mature zygotic embryo, cotyledon, and radicle explants formed embryogenic calluses at frequencies of 38, 6.7, and 8.8% when cultured on half-strength Murashige and Skoog medium (${\frac{1}{2}}MS$) supplemented with 2.26, 9.05, and $9.05{\mu}M$ 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, respectively. Embryogenic calluses produced numerous somatic embryos, which then developed into plantlets on ${\frac{1}{2}}MS$ without growth regulators. Regenerated plantlets were grown to whole plants in a growth chamber.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 1988

Several cultivars of rice were examined for induction of embryogenic callus on a medium containing MS salts, vitamins and 2, 4-D under darkness. Embryogenic callus was obtained from cultivar Cheonma with high ratio and embryo-like structures were formed from the callus on a medium with or without reduced 2, 4-D. Somatic embryoids with a plumule and radicle axis surrounded by a scutellum were observed. These embryoids germinated and produced plantlets in 30 days on the same medium. Protoplasts isolated from an embryogenic cell suspension culture derived from embryogenic callus were cultured either in liquid or in agar medium and protoplast derived cell colonies were obtained in 3-4 weeks.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.327-333
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• 2000

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of priming duration and temperature on germinability of vegetable seeds. Priming chemicals were -0.50 MPa PEG 8000 for carrot, 50 mM $K_3PO_4$ for lettuce, 200 mM $KH_2PO_4$ for onion, and 100 mM $Ca(NO_3)_2$ for Welsh onion seeds. Priming temperature varied from $10^{\circ}C$ to $25^{\circ}C$, and priming duration varied from 12 hours to 5 days depending on crops. Percent germination of carrot seeds was significantly affected by the seed treatment and priming temperature. Priming at $20^{\circ}C$ for 3 days was most effective in reducing number of days to attain 50% of the final germination percentage (T50) and mean number of days to germination (MDG). Radicle protrusion in the priming solution was as high as 14% when primed at $20^{\circ}C$ for 4 days. Percent germination of lettuce seeds was affected significantly by the seed treatment and priming duration. Priming lettuce seeds at $20^{\circ}C$ for 2 days increased percent germination and shortened T50 and MDG without radicle protrusion. Percent germination of onion seeds was affected significantly by the seed treatment, priming duration, and temperature. Priming at either $10^{\circ}C$ or $15^{\circ}C$ for 3, 4, or 5 days did not affect percent germination of onion seeds, but was effective in reducing T50 and MDG. Decline in percent germination of onion seeds was precipitous as the length of priming duration increased from 3 to 5 days. Percent germination of welsh onion seeds was not affected by the priming duration and temperature. Priming at $15^{\circ}C$ for 4 days was most effective in reducing T50 and MDG, increased in duration of priming at $15^{\circ}C$ or $20^{\circ}C$ increased radicle protrusion.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.526-534
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• 1996

This study was conducted to find out the effects of crude extracts from welsh onion, onion, chinese chives and garlic on the seedling growth of chrysanthemum, lettuce, rice, radish, chinese cabbage, cucumber and oriental melon. The crude extracts from Allium spp. inhibited the growth of chrysanthemum and lettuceseedlings at low concentration, the effect increased as the concentration grew higher, and especially in lettuce, the radicle growth was inhibited greater than the hypocotyl growth.The root extracts from welsh onion, chinese chives, and stem-leaf extracts from welsh onion, chinese chives and garlic significantly promoted the root growth of rice seedlings at 300∼700ppm and at 500∼1,000ppm, respectively, and the leaf sheath was elongated at low concentration of all extracts. The stem-leaf extracts from garlic and onion promoted the root and hypocotyl growth of chinese cabbage up to 2,000ppm or 3,000ppm. Root extracts from all Allium spp. promoted the elongation of chinese cabbage root up to 300∼700ppm, but they didn't influence its hypocotyl elongation. At low concentration of onion, garlic and chinese chives extracts, the growth of radish seedlings was highly promoted. The promotive effect, however, declined as the concentration increased. Only, extracts of chinese chives promoted the growth of radish seedling up to 5,000ppm. The stem-leaf extracts from onion and garlic promoted hypocotyl growth in pepper, up to 5,000ppm, but had little effect on other treatments. All of the extracts markedly promoted both root(main and lateral root) and hypocotyl growth in cucumber seedlings. A higher degree of promotion was made in the cucumber lateral root by onion and garlic extracts. The seedling growth of oriental melon was slightly increased by low concentration, but high concentration inhibited the root and hypocotyl growth.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.9-15
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to find out the optimum SMP carriers in seeds of 12 pepper cultivars to alternate Micro-eel E. It showed that calcium carbonate caused the lower germination rates in proportion of water volumes and the radicle protrusion during priming period. Micro-cel E induced also the radical protrusion, even though it shortened $T_{50}$ in Wang cultivar, in proportion of water volumes. Diatomaceous earth shortened both $T_{50}$ and Mean days germination(MDG) in Choyang and Hyangchon cultivars, although it caused the radicle protrusion in treatment of $1.5{\times}$ water proportion. In Wang cultivar, Diatomaceous earth shortened $T_{50}$ by 0.60 and 0.05 days at 1.0 and $1.5{\times}$ water proportions respectively compared to the Micro-cel E at 5.0 and $7.0{\times}$ water proportions. Therefore, it could be suggested that Diatomaceous earth for the carrier might be suitable in pepper cultivars to alternate Micro-cel E, and $1.0{\times}$ water proportion should be available for processing.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.183-191
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• 2022

Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) is a perennial plant and propagates by seeds, and those need after-ripening for germination. To be ready for climate change and to ensure a stable seed supply, the technique for storing seeds in short-term and long-term in large quantities is required. In this study, dehisced ginseng seeds from two locations, batch #1 and batch #2, were stored at -3.5℃ with different moisture content, and after 3, 15, and 27 months of storage, the percentage of radicle emergence and shoot emergence were measured. After 3 months, radicle emergence and shoot emergence were normal only when the seed moisture content was more than 35%, and overall, germination was higher in batch #2 than in batch #1. After 15 months, the partially dehydrated seeds, with a moisture content between 45 to 54%, showed the highest germination rates, and most of the undried seeds were spoiled and failed to germinate. Seeds with moisture content lower than 25% had poor germination, too. The partially dehydrated seeds also succeeded in germination and growth in the soil after 15 months of storage, but deteriorated after one more 1 year, too. In summary, ginseng seeds look like have temperate recalcitrant seed characteristics, and partial dehydration allows extension of seed longevity.