• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.82-87
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• 2002

The purposes of this study are to investigate water content and treatment period in Solid Matrix Priming(SMP; method for enhanced rapid and uniform seedling emergence in tobacco seeds). The higher water content made the faster imbibition speed of tobacco seed. But the radicle emergence shorten the period of water equilibrium. The range of water content in SMP treatment within the limits of no radicle emergence of tobacco seed was 28∼32% to dry weight of tobacco seed. The rate of radicle emergence and seedling emergence was higher in water content 30% and 40% treatment plot than that in 50% and 60% treatment plot. But it was not different between SMP treatment and non-SMP treatment. In water content 40% during 9 days treatment, germinative energy was highest, and T50 and mean germination time(MGT) were the shortest. The germination speed was higher in SMP treatment than that in non-SMP treatment. It was not different on the germination rate between non-SMP treatment and SMP treatment.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.70-77
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• 1988

In order to determine and to reduce the differences between biochemical test method for the seed viability with T.T.C. (2, 3, 5. Triphenyl tetrazolium Chloride) reagent and germinator method, the topographical diagram of red colored formazan was carried out in 15-16 parts differences. From this resulted information, the classification of the typical staining reaction given for 3 species were derived into 3-4 parts for the germinable in normal seedling, the same as the following results. 1. Corn (Gram inaceae) * Entier embryo stained in bright red color. * Both extremities of scutellum unstained * Both extremities of scuttlium, coleorhiza and non-critial portions of radicle unstained. 2. Soybean (Leguminosae) *Seed completely stained in red color. *Minor unstained areas on cotyledons. *Extreme tip of radicle unstained; minor unstained areas on cotyledons 3. Radish (Cruciferae) *Seed completely stained. *Minor unstained areas on cotyledons. *Outer cotyledon mostly unstained: inner cotyledon completely stained Extreme tip of radicle unstained: large portion of outer cotyledon unstained.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.134-140
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• 1992

Carrot(Daucus carota L.) seeds (CV Danver 126) were primed and then separated by density differences to improve both the percentage and time of radicle emergence. Seeds for priming were soaked in aerated distilled water for 2 days (water imbibed), 25% solution of polyethylene glycol(PEG) 6000 for 6 or 10 days, salt solution of 0.2M KNO$_3$＋0.1M $K_2$HPO$_4$ for 6 or 10 days, or mixed with Agro-Lig with 90% moisture content for 6 days and 70% moisture content for 6 or 10 days (SMP) at 2$0^{\circ}C$, respectively. The greatest embryo growth and the highest radicle emergence were observed from the seeds treated SMP with 90% moisture content for 6 days among the primed treatments. After the SMP treatment, the seeds were separated into density classes with a float-sink procedure using aqueous solution of Maltrin 600 with 0.02/cm$^3$ density increments. The lower density classes of the carrot seeds, the more embryo growth, the higher and the faster rates of radicle emergence were exhibited in order from 1.06 to 1.14 density classes of the carrot seeds treated SMP.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.9-12
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• 2009

Artemisia capillaris and Artemisia iwayomogi are weeds used as medicinal plants in Korea under the name "Injin". I collected leaves of A. capillaris and A. iwayomogi, examined them for phytotoxic effects from volatile substances and determined the composition of monoterpenes in the leaves. The effects of volatile substances from each species on seed germination and radicle elongation in each of the two Artemisia species were assessed. The volatile substances of A. capillaris did not negatively affect the seed germination of A. capillaris, but they did inhibit radicle elongation. Rates of seed germination of A. iwayomogi decreased when the seeds were exposed to high concentration of A. capillaris volatile substances. The inhibition of seed germination and radicle elongation by volatile substances from both Artemisia species was stronger for A. iwayomogi than for A. capillaris. I identified the monoterpenoids from the leaves with a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The main constituents of A. capillaris were acenaphthylene (37.91%), $\beta$-pinene (12.08%), 4-carene (10.61%) and $\gamma$-curcumene (9.92%), while those of A. iwayomogi were germacrene-$\delta$ (32.15%), borneol (21.24%), camphor (20.45%) and trans-caryophyllene (7.75%).

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.333-338
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• 1992

Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) seeds were analyzed to determine the level of soluble sugars and insoluble starch during germination. Also the activities of the hydrolytic enzymes such as amylase, invertase and phosphatase were compared. As amylase activity was sharply increased, significant decline of starch was observed in the female gametophyte and increase of soluble sugars occurred concurrently. Invertase activity was gradually increased in cotyledon and radicle, while it was very low in dry seeds. In addition, phosphatase activity was variable only in radicle, and acid phosphatase showed higher activity than alkaline phosphatase.hatase.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.153-157
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• 2014

Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria can affect plant growth by various direct and indirect mechanisms. This study was conducted to determine the ability of some rhizobacterial strains to enhance the seed germination of Lactuca sativa (lettuce) and Raphanus sativus (radish). Seeds were inoculated using a spore suspension ($1{\times}10^7cfumL^{-1}$) and incubated in a growth chamber at $28^{\circ}C$ under dark conditions and 65% RH. Azotobacter chroococcum and LAP mix inoculation increased the plumule length of L. sativa by 1.3, 0.8, and 0.7 cm, respectively, in comparison to the uninoculated control. Pseudomonas putida showed an increase of only 0.6 cm in plumule length when compared to the control. Inoculation of A. chroococcum, P. putida, and LAP mix enhanced the seed germination rate of R. sativus, by 10, 5, and 30%, respectively, in comparison with the uninoculated seeds. The results demonstrated that the inoculation of seeds by select rhizobacterial strains showed remarkable enhancement to the radicle length of lettuce and radish seedlings.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 2015

Edible sprouts are highly nutritious, containing numerous health-promoting phytochemicals and nutrients. However, the process of sprouting is subject to potential contamination by microorganisms attached to the seed coat. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of air anions generated by spray ionization on growth and sterilization of edible sprouts. Treatment with air anions has positive effects on plant growth and sterilization in 4 kinds of sprouts. Hypocotyl length in red cabbage and kale increased approximately 1.26-fold and radicle length of lettuce, red cabbage, and kale increased 1.4 to 1.6-fold compared to the control. The fresh weight of sprouts in the spray-ionization treatment was significantly (16.0-38.5%) higher than that of the controls. Radicle activity in sprouts exposed to anions was higher than that of the control in all species. Bacterial counts on lettuce, red cabbage, and tatsoi decreased significantly (by 41%, 66%, and 19%, respectively), and bacterial colonies also declined in drainage water. Our findings suggest that spray-ionization treatment is useful for improving sprout growth and for sterilizing sprouts.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.239-242
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• 1996

This experiment was conducted to utilize the basic information for salinity tolerance using Dongjinbyeo, Mangeumbyeo, Hwangkeumcheong, Nihonbare and Norin 29 as Japonica rices. Salinity level, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2 and 1.5%, were treated and germination rate, recovering rate and radicle length of seeds were measured. The germination rate showed the range from 92 to 100% at the concentration of 0.6% of NaCl. However, it decreased at 0.9% and rapidly reduced at 1.2% above for all varieties. Recovering rate for salt damage of seeds was favored in Dongjinbyeo, Mangeumtyeo, Hwangkeumcheong about 92 to 98% after two days of transfering, but 73 to 76% in Nihonbare and Norin 29 were represented. The radicle length revealed shorter with decreased salinity level, particularly all varieties showed one centimeter less at the concentration of 1.2% above.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 2004

Paenibacillus polymyxa E681, with its plant growth promotion and root colonization ability, has been proven to be a promising biocontrol agent of cucumber and barley. This study investigated the attributes related to the movement of bacteria from the seed to the radicle and to the whole root system. It also illustrated the existing form and population changes of the bacteria on seed and root using the scanning electron microscope and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The bacteria invaded and colonized the inside of the seed coat while the seeds were soaked in bacterial suspension. Almost the same number of bacteria on seed surface invaded the inside of the seed coat right after seed soaking. The population densities of E681 increased greatly inside as well as on the surface of the seed before the radicle emerged. The bacteria attached on the emerging radicle directly affected the initial population of newly emerg-ing root. The colonized cells on the root were arranged linearly toward the elongation of the root axis. In addition to colonizing the root surface, strain E681 was found inside the roots, where cells colonized the inter-cellular space between certain epidermal and cortical cells. When the cucumber seeds were soaked in bacterial suspension and sown in pot, the bacterial populations attached on both the surface and inside of the root were sustained up to harvesting time. This means that E681 successfully colonized the root of cucumber and sustained its population density up to harvesting time through seed treatment.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.117-120
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• 1993

This experiment was conducted to elucidate the characteristics of dissolved oxygen uptake and germination of California rice varieties, L-202(Long grain), M-202(Medium grain), S-201(Short grain), Italiconaverneco(Long grain) and Korean variety, Hwaseongbyeo under $25^{\circ}C$ water condition. The distilled water was saturated with oxygen by using air pump for 2 hours. Dissolved oxygen uptake of rice seed was measured everyday by using the oxygen electrode during 4 days from soaking to coleoptile and radicle appearance. Total dissolved oxygen uptake was 211.7${\mu}g$ per grain in Italiconaverneco during that period 179.5${\mu}g$ in S-201, 144.3${\mu}g$ in Hwaseongbyeo, 140.4 in L-202, 135.8$\mu\textrm{g}$ in M-202. The ratio of coleoptile and radicle appearance showed the highest value in Italiconaverneco, and next were S-201 and L-202. The coleoptile and radicle showed the longest length in Italiconaverneco, and next were S-201 and Hwaseongbyeo.