• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.195-202
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• 2009

Schisandra chinensis have been traditionally used in Asia for the treatment of dyspnea, cough, mouth dryness, spontaneous diaphoresis, nocturnal diaphoresis, nocturnal emission, dysentery, insomnia and amnesia. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the protective effects of Schisandra chinensis on oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation induced by ROS in non cellular and cellular system. DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay were used to measure the antioxidant activities. Phi X-174RF I plasmid DNA cleavage assay and intracellular DNA migration assay were used to evaluate the protective effect on oxidative DNA damage. MTT assay and lipid peroxidation assay were used for evaluating the protective effect on oxidative cell damage. It was found to scavenge DPPH radical, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical and it inhibited oxidative DNA damage, lipid peroxidation and cell death induced by hydroxyl radical. These data indicate that Schisandra chinensis possesses a spectrum of antioxidant and DNA-protective properties

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.70-73
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• 2005

An Ameloblastoma is one of the most common odontogenic tumors. The treatment of ameloblastoma has been controversial because of this disease entity as a slow-growing, locally invasive tumor with high rate of recurrence. Recurrence rate of ameloblastoma are reported 15% to 25% after radical treatment and 75% to 90% after conservative treatment. On the other hand, Robinson and Gardner reported that the recurrence rate after conservative treatment of unicystic ameloblastoma was lower than those of multicystic or solid lesion. In this report, what we want to show is to review the articles to find out pros and cons of conservative treatment of ameloblastoma. In addition we would like to discuss which requies conservative treatment or radical treatment are more acceptable through our case report.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.489-495
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• 2023

This study evaluated the effects of heat treatment on gastrodin and gastrodigenin content, and antioxidant activities, in Gastrodia elata Blume. Gastrodin and gastrodigenin content was analyzed post-method validation, and antioxidant activity evaluation, including assessing total polyphenol content, DPPH, and ABTS radical scavenging activities, was done. The validation of the analysis method demonstrated excellent linearity. The limits of quantification of gastrodin and gastrodigenin were 2.89 and 3.47 ㎍/mL, respectively. Moreover, the results of intra- and inter-day precision analysis demonstrated relative standard deviation values, within 5%. The recovery rates for gastrodin and gastrodigenin were 97.22~98.85 and 97.99~99.91%, respectively, indicating good accuracy. Under different heat treatment conditions, gastrodin and gastrodigenin content significantly increased (p<0.05), ranging from 91.15 to 310.27 and 559.66 to 830.02 mg/100 g DW, respectively. Additionally, the total polyphenol content exhibited a significant (p<0.05) increasing trend, ranging from 1,444 to 1,798 mg/100 g DW, as the temperature and time of heat treatment increased. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging abilities demonstrated an increasing trend at 120℃ during heat treatment. These research findings are expected to enhance our understanding of the changes in gastrodin and gastrodigenin content, and antioxidant effects in Gastrodia elata Blume during heat treatment.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2007

Objectives : In Alzheimer's disease(AD), free radical oxidative stress caused by amyloid beta-peptide may lead to DNA damage, neuronal dysfunction, neurotoxicity and cell death, Hwangryunhaedok-tang(HHT) is traditionally used for the treatment of pyrogenetic diseases. To develop a new anti-AD drug from natural herb, HHT was selected and extracted in this study. Methods : The antioxidant activities of HHT water extract powder were examined by hydroxyl radical-induced DNA strand nicking assay, and antioxidative enzymes expression assay in H4IIE cell. In addition, HHT was examined for the inhibitory effect on the acetylcholinesterase(AChE) using by Ellman's coupled assay. Results: The HHT exhibit DNA protective effect in the hydroxyl radical-induced DNA Strand nicking assay, mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were recovered at a normal level by HHT treatment in H4IIE cell. Furthermore, water extract of HHT showed inhibitory effect on AChE activity. Conclusion : These results suggest that HHT may be effective in delaying and preventing AD progression related to the free radical-induced DNA damage and AChE activity.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.75-84
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• 2003

To evaluate the influence of hepatic oxygen free radical systems on liver injury by topical p-phenylenediamine (PPD) application on rat skin, PPD (25 mg/16.5 $\textrm{cm}^2$) was topically applied to the abdominal region 5 times every other day and sacrificed. By PPD treatment, increasing rate of liver weight/body weight (%), serum activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase and decreasing rate of microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase activity were higher in the rats fed tungstate supplemented diet than those fed a standard diet. These findings indicate that group fed tungstate supplemented diet have more severe liver injury compared with group fed standard diet on topical PPD application. However, the activities of oxygen free radical generating enzymes such as xanthine oxidase (XO) and cytochrome P450 dependent aniline hydroxylase and those of oxygen free radical scavenging enzymes were not found to be different between these two animal groups. In the present study, a novel monitoring method to detect the generating of oxygen free radicals in liver extract was devised. Throughout this method, the oxidized PPD produced by oxygen free radicals was determined colorimetrically. The increasing rate of PPD oxidation by liver homogenate was higher in tungstate fed animals than in standard diet fed ones. Among the fractionations of liver extract, the mitochondrial and postmitochondrial fractions in the liver extract of tungstate fed animals led to a higher availability of PPD oxidation by PPD treatment compared with standard diet fed ones. In conclusion, these results suggest that an enhanced liver injury in tungstate fed animals treated with PPD may be due to oxygen free radicals produced in other systems except oxygen free radicals generating from cytosolic XO system. Especially, oxidative availability by PPD can be used for oxygen free radical detection in some tissue.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.663-666
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• 2012

Current treatments for hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) include prolonged courses of antibiotics, retinoids, immunosuppressants, and biologics. Severe cases that are resistant to prolonged medical treatment pose a therapeutic challenge. We propose radical excision and lateral thoracic flap reconstruction as a treatment option for such cases. In our experience with two patients, good aesthetic and functional outcomes were achieved, with a high level of patient satisfaction. The availability of suitable flap coverage allows for wide resection of all of the hair-bearing skin, leading to a low incidence of residual disease and subsequent recurrence. Following excision of the affected tissue, the ideal reconstructive method in the axilla provides suitable coverage without unacceptable donor site morbidity and also avoids axillary contractures. A long lateral thoracic flap with delay has excellent coverage with minimal donor tissue sacrifice. With a suitable flap coverage option, the management paradigm of intractable HS should shift from prolonged medical treatment to allow decisive radical excision, which will improve the quality of life for patients.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.551-557
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• 2010

Purpose: In this study, we evaluated the relation between surgical methods and reccurrence rate by investigating clinical, radiological aspects and histopathological patterns of 26 patients who were diagnosed with amelobalstoma. Patients and Methods: In this study, we retrospectively investigated 26 patients who were diagnosed with ameloblastoma and treated at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Chosun University Dental Hospital from January 2000 to December 2008. Results: The patients comprised 12 males (46.1%) and 14 females (53.9%), and their ages ranged from 10 to 69 years (average, 37.3 years). All cases presented a mandibular location, and in particular, 13 cases (50%) demonstrated an occurrence in the mandibular body. Clinically, 8 cases (30.8%) presented no symptoms, and the most prevalent chief complaint was swelling in 13 cases (50%). Radiographically, a unilocular type appeared in 14 cases (53.8%), and a multilocular type was observed in 10 cases (38.5%). Histopathologically, there were 8 follicular types (30.8%) and 7 plexiform types (26.9%). Conservative treatment was performed in 5 cases (19.2%), and radical treatment was performed in 21 cases (80.8%). The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 10 years. The total recurrence rate was 15.4%, and the mean duration of recurrence was 6.7 years. Three of the 5 cases (60%) that received conservative treatment demonstrated a recurrence, as compared to 1 of the 21 cases (4.8%) that underwent radical treatment. Conclusion: The radical treatment was more effective than the conservative treatment for recurrence prevention. We should consider a continuous follow-up check after operation.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.109-115
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• 2015

This study was investigated the radical scavenging effect and the protective activity of caffeic acid (CA) against oxidative stress. CA showed strong 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical ( OH) scavenging activity, showing 42.00% and 87.22% at 5 μM concentration of DPPH and ·OH scavenging activity, respectively. Furthermore, we studied protective activity of CA from amyloid beta (A${\beta}$_25-35) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced neuronal cell damage and neuronal inflammation using C6 glial cells. The treatment of A${\beta}$_25-35 to C6 glial cell showed declines in cell viability and high generation levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the treatment of CA increased cell viability. The treatment of 5 ${{\mu}M}$ CA led to the elevation of cell viability from 59.28% to 81.22%. In addition, the production of ROS decreased cellular levels of ROS by the treatment of CA. The treatment of LPS to C6 glial cells increased significant elevation of nitric oxide (NO) production, while CA decreased NO production significantly. The production of NO increased by the treatment of LPS to 131.08%, while CA at the concentration of 1 ${{\mu}M}$ declined the NO production to 104.86%. The present study indicated thatCA attenuated A${\beta}$_25-35-induced neuronal oxidative stress and inflammation by LPS, suggesting as a promising agent for the neurodegenerative diseases.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.251-257
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• 2016

In this study, the radical scavenging activity and protective effect of ethanol extract from leaf of Engelhardtia chrysolepis HANCE (ECE) against oxidative stress were investigated under in vitro and cellular system. ECE showed strong radical scavenging activities in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl(${\cdot}OH$) and nitric oxide(NO) radical as a concentration-dependent manner. Particularly, strong scavenging activity against the ${\cdot}OH$ and NO radical were observed with the $IC_{50}$ value of $1.30{\mu}g/ml$ and $12.61{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Furthermore, the cellular oxidative stress was induced by amyloid beta($A{\beta}_{25-35}$) in C6 glial cells. The treatment of $A{\beta}_{25-35}$ to C6 glial cells generated high levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS) and declined cell viability. However, production of ROS was decreased by the treatment of ECE. In addition, the cell viability was significantly increased at each concentration(10, 25, $50{\mu}g/ml$) as dose-dependent manner. The Alzheimer's disease-related protein expressions in $A{\beta}_{25-35}$-treated C6 glial cells were analyzed. The ECE treatment inhibited expression of amyloid precursor protein(APP), C-terminal fragment-${\beta}(CTF-{\beta})$, ${\beta}$-site APP cleaving enzyme(BACE), phosphorylated tau(p-tau) proteins in C6 glial cells induced by $A{\beta}_{25-35}$. The present study indicated that ECE has strong radical scavenging activity and neuroprotective effect through attenuating oxidative stress.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.179-185
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• 1999

Previous studies have shown that methanol extract and its butanol fraction of Carthamus tinctorius L. Semen have the hepatoprotective effect on the CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity. The hepatoprotective effect of the subfractions of butanol fraction has been evaluated by analyzing oxygen free radical scavenging enzyme activities and histopathological examinations. In BS-5 subfraction treated group, the activity of superoxide dismutase has been significantly increased as compared with that of CCl4, treated rats. Antioxidant activity has been evaluated by the examination of the scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical. BS-5 subfraction has shown strong antioxidant activities. The histopathological examination showed that the treatment of BS-5 subfraction has relieved the ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes which had been generated by CCl4. It appears that the protective effect of BS-5 subfraction would be mediated of the attenuation of lipid peroxidation by acting as a free radical scavenger, which were based on the increase of superoxide dismutase activity.