• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.4327-4333
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• 2016

Purpose: To systematically review efficacyand safety of robotic gastrectomy (RG) compared with conventional laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) for gastric carcinoma. Materials and Methods: A systematic literature search was carried out using PubMed, Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI, WanFang, VIP and other sources like relevant references to obtain comparative studies assessing the effectiveness and safety between RG and LG published between 2013 and 2016. Then the literature was screened and the data were extracted by 2 independent reviewers. The quality of the literature was assessed, and the data analyzed using Stata/SE 14 software. Fixed effects or random effects models wereapplied according to heterogeneity. Results: A total of 12 non-randomized observational clinical studies involving 3,580 patients were included, of which 1,096 had undergone RG and 2,484 had received LG. The results of the meta-analysis showed in terms of effectiveness, RG was associated with less blood loss, less time to first flatus and greater number of harvested lymph nodes, but there were no significant differences in proximal and distal resection margins, compared with LG. In terms of efficiency, RG was associated with shorter hospital stay, but longer operative time. In terms of safety, there were no statistically significant differences in complications, mortality and conversions between RG and LG. Conclusions: RG can achieve comparable or better short-term and radical effects than LG, with respect to effectiveness, efficiency and safety in treatment of gastric carcinoma. Future studies involving RG should focus on decreasing operative time and reducing cost. Moreover, there is a need for randomized controlled trials comparing the two techniques with long-term follow-up.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.567-582
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• 2022

In the present study, a series of physical experiments and numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the effects of mode I and mixed-mode I/II cracks on the fracture modes and stability of roadway tunnel models. The experiments and simulations incorporated different inclination angle flaws under both static and dynamic loads. The quasi-static and dynamic testing were conducted by using an electro-hydraulic servo control device and drop weight impact system (DWIS), and the failure process was simulated by using rock failure process analysis (RFPA) and AUTODYN software. The stress intensity factor was also calculated to evaluate the stability of the flawed roadway tunnel models by using ABAQUS software. According to comparisons between the test and numerical results, it is observed that for flawed roadways with a single radical crack and inclination angle of 45°, the static and dynamic stability are the lowest relative to other angles of fractured rock masses. For mixed-mode I/II cracks in flawed roadway tunnel models under dynamic loading, a wing crack is produced and the pre-existing cracks increase the stress concentration factor in the right part of the specimen, but this factor will not be larger than the maximum principal stress region in the roadway tunnel models. Additionally, damage to the sidewalls will be involved in the flawed roadway tunnel models under static loads.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.187-196
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• 1997

This paper presents a semi-automatic methodology to synthesize executable digital controller saftware in a multi-loop control system. A digital controller is described by a task graph and end-to-end timing requirements. A task graph denotes the software structure of the controller, and the end-to-end requirements establish timing relationships between external inputs and outputs. Our approach translates the end-to-end requirements into a set of task attributes such as task periods and deadlines using nonlinear optimization techniques. Such attributes are essential for control engineers to implement control programs and schedule them in a control system with limited resources. In current engineering practice, human programmers manually derive those attributes in an ad hoc manner: they often resort to radical over-sampling to safely guarantee the given timing requirements, and thus render the resultant system poorly utilized. After task-specific attributes are derived, the tasks are scheduled on a single CPU and the compiled kernel is synthesized. We illustrate this process with a non-trivial servo motor control system.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.220-225
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• 2004

A new ion beam extraction system is designed using a simple ion mass filter and a micro mass balance and a QMS based detecting system. A quadrupole Mass Filter is used for selective ion beam formation from inductively coupled high density plasma sources with appropriate electrostatic lens and final analyzing QMS. Also a quartz crystal microbalance is set between a QMF and a QMS to measure the etching and polymerization rate of the mass selected ion beam. An inductively coupled plasma was used as a ion/radical source which had an electron temperature of 4-8 eV and electron density of $4${\times}$10^{11}$＃/㎤. A computer interfaced system through 12bit AD-DA board can control the pass ion mass of the qmf by setting RF/DC voltage ratio applied to the quadrupoles so that time modulation of pass ion's mass is possible. So the direct measurements of ion - surface chemistry can be possible in a resolution of $1\AA$/sec based on the qcm's sensitivity. A full set of driving software and hardware setting is successfully carried out to get fundamental plasma information of the ICP source and analysed $Ar^{+}$ beam was detected at the $2^{nd}$ QMS.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2006년도 PAN PACIFIC CONFERENCE vol.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 2006

Drying is the least developed of all unit operations of paper and board manufacture. While groundbreaking developments were Introduced during the several past decades in forming, pressing and calendering, no radical changes occurred in drying. The cylinder-drying technology is now more than 200 years old and, while it was subject to many incremental improvements, many of its inherent problems persist. We believe that conventional drying is now approaching the end of its life and the industry is ready for a major breakthrough in drying. Indeed several innovative technologies already exist at various stages of development or commercialization. In general, the novel drying technologies are striving to increase the drying rate, improve the product quality and boost the energy efficiency of drying. A novel, drying method, $Papridry^{TM}$, which combines conductive and convective heat transfer to obtain very high drying rates, is at an advanced stage of development at Paprican. The results obtained when drying printing paper ana board on a self-standing pilot $Papridry^{TM}$ machine and on the pilot paper machine equipped with a tandem of two $Papridry^{TM}$ units demonstrate both, the high drying rate and improved product quality achieved by using this drying method. A mathematical model of this operation has been developed and the software compiled with this model was used to calculate the effect of installing a $Papridry^{TM}$ unit into an existing dryer section. The model also allows to calculate the z-direction distribution of moisture and temperature at various points of the dryer section.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.238-246
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• 2018

최근 3D 디지털 렌더링 및 CGI 소프트웨어의 급격한 발전으로 디지털 렌더링 이미지에서 매우 사실적인 포토리얼리즘의 구현이 가능해졌다. 건축 시각화 분야는 영화, 게임, 가상현실 등 다른 디지털 렌더링이 응용되는 분야의 기반 환경을 창조하는 역할을 하므로 디지털 건축 렌더링 이미지의 포토리얼리즘에 관한 심도 갚은 논의가 필요한 상황이다. 이에 본 연구는 건축 시각화 분야에서 디지털 렌더링 이미지의 포토리얼리즘을 구현하기 위한 원칙을 정립하고 세부 요소들을 분석하였다. 이를 위하여 기존의 선행 연구를 이론적으로 분석하여 서로간의 상관관계를 밝히고 이후의 신기술을 이용한 건축 렌더링 이미지로부터 포토리얼리즘의 4가지 원칙(물리적으로 정확한 빛의 계산, 정확한 오브젝트 형상의 재현, 사실적인 재질과 텍스쳐의 표현, 사진에 나타나는 카메라의 특성 재현)을 도출하였다. 이 원칙들의 세부 항목들을 포토리얼리즘을 구현하기 위한 필수적인 요소들과 아티스트의 판단에 따라 취사선택이 가능한 요소로 분류하였으며, 선택적 요소들은 무작위성과 관련이 깊으며 이것이 포토리얼리스틱 건축 렌더링의 다양한 스타일을 결정하는 원인임을 고찰하였다.

• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제55권
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• pp.100-118
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• 2011

비디오게임은 기존 미디어들과 구분되는 높은 수준의 능동성과 상호작용성을 제공한다. 비디오게임의 수용자는 단지 주어진 텍스트를 수동적으로 해석하는 존재가 아니라, 그것으로 어떤 행동을 하는 능동적 존재다. 게이머의 이러한 능동성과 상호작용성은 '모드하기'에서 가장 적극적으로 나타난다. 모드는 주어진 게임 텍스트를 게이머가 임의로 변경하여 자신의 뜻대로 사용하는 전위적이고 진보적인 미디어 수용 방법이다. 그러나 모드하기의 기술적 진보성이 그것의 문화정치적 의미의 진보성을 보장하지는 않는다. 이는 '엘더스크롤'의 <오블리비언> 게이머들의 경우에서 분명히 드러난다. 이들의 모드 사용은 선정적이며 남성중심적이었을 뿐 아니라, 이들 사이의 관계는 상징적 권위의 분포에 따라 불평형하게 정렬되어 있었기 때문이다. 모드는 진보적 기술임에는 틀림없지만, 그것의 문화정치적 의미 또한 진보적이라고는 할 수 없다.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2023년도 임시총회 및 춘계학술대회
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• pp.41-41
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• 2023

Red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most consumed vegetable worldwide. In this study, we tried to suggest the possibility of Cheongyang pepper as a functional cosmetic material by identifying the physiological activity, especially antioxidant and whitening effects of Cheongyang pepper through bibliometric analysis and experimental studies. A bibliometric analysis was performed through co-word analysis of 8,892 papers retrieved from SCOPUS. 4 research fields were obtained by cluster mapping from VOSviewer software, among which we noted the antioxidant activity of extracts from Capsicum annum L.. Phenol as a useful ingredient of Cheongyang pepper was analyzed using HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography). Antioxidant and whitening effects were evaluated by measuring DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Cheongyang pepper extract showed contents of 0.106 ± 0.01 and 0.105 ± 0.02 mg/g, respectively, in the order of gallic acid and protocatechuic acid. The extract exhibited 56.95% DPPH scavenging activity and 43.97% hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity at a concentration of 1,000 ㎍/ml. In addition, 1,000 ㎍/ml of the extract inhibited tyrosinase activity by 52.44% and 42.61%, respectively in a whitening efficacy test using L-tyrosine and L-DOPA (L-3,4- dihydroxyphenylalanine) as substrates. These results suggest that Cheongyang pepper extract and its active ingredients have antioxidant and whitening effects, and the possibility of future development as a whitening functional cosmetic material.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.83-91
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• 2012

비만은 체내에 지방조직이 과다한 상태에 이르는 것으로, 최근 세계적으로 문제가 되고 있는 질병 중 하나이다. 이러한 비만은 각종 성인병과 함께 고혈압, 당뇨 등의 합병증을 유발하며, 심리적, 정신적으로 위축시켜 우울증 등의 정신 질환까지 갖게 하는 심각한 사회적 문제이다. 현재 일반적인 비만 관리 방법은 다양한 관점에서 각기 다른 효능으로 비만 환자들의 욕구를 채워주고 있지만, 수술 치료의 실패, 치료 중 약물 중독, 우울증, 많은 시간 및 경제적 투자 등으로 근본적인 비만의 치료 효율이 낮다. 이에 체계적이며 개인의 비만 상태에 따른 유형별 치료 접근법의 개발이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 비수술적인 비만 치료의 단점을 보완하여, 개인의 비만 유형별 비만 치료를 선택할 수 있는 복합 비만 관리 시스템을 제안하였다. 이를 위하여 원적외선 치료, 산소 치료, 색 치료, 극초단파 치료 모듈을 이용하여 복합적이며, 시너지 효과를 기대할 수 있는 새로운 형태의 시스템을 개발하였다. 또한, 환자의 신체적 조건과 비만의 정도에 따른 맞춤 치료를 위해 치료 및 관리 소프트웨어를 개발하였으며, 부분별로 원하는 부위를 집중적으로 치료가 가능한 자동 슬라이딩 시스템을 개발하였다. 본 연구에서 제시된 통합 치료가 가능한 비만 관리 시스템은 다양한 치료 프로토콜을 제시함으로 고기능성 비만 치료기 개발에 초석이 될 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.195-200
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• 2003

Purpose: Advancement of computed tomography (CT) hardware and software has allowed thin section scanning and reconstruction of fascinating 2-dimentional (2D) and 3- dimentional (3D) images. Especially, the reconstruction of 3D images of gastrointestinal tract has been used in the detection and diagnosis of pre-malignant and malignant diseases. To compare the efficacy of CT gastrography with conventional upper gastrointenstinal series (UGIs) in gastric cancer patients. Materials and Methods: During Nov. 2002 and Mar. 2003, twenty-seven patients who had gastric cancer received both double contrast upper GI series and CT gastrography prior to radical surgery. Among these patients, nineteen had early gastric cancer (EGC) and 8 had advanced gastric cancer (AGC). Fifteen patients were male and 12 were female. The mean age was 54 yrs (range, $27\∼75$ yrs). The patients were placed on NPO and Stomach was distended with gas in fasting state prior to CT scanning. Double contrast upper GI series were performed as routine manual. CT scan was conducted in all patients using 8 or 16-channel multidetector CT in this study. The collimation and reconstruction for CT scanning were set at 2.5 mm and 1.25 mm, respectively. CT scanning was performed in the supine position. For image processing, CT gastrography, in which raysum and surface rendering images were constructed, virtual and 2D image in coronal and sagittal images were performed. The detectability of gastric cancer was assessed between UGIs and CT gastrography. Results: In AGCs, the detection rate of cancer using CT gastrography and virtual gastroscopy was higher than EGC cases. However, CT gastrography and virtual gastroscopy showed less favorable results than UGIs. Even though only a small number of cases had been studied, we might conclude that CT gastrography and virtual gastroscopy could replace UGIs in the detection of AGC cases. Conclusion: The detection rate used with CT gastrography and Virtual gastroscopy is not better than that of UGIs in early gastric cancer, however, in advanced gastric cancer cases, it is nearly equal to that of UGIs.