• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.55-59
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• 2015

양성자핵반응에 대한 연구는 현재 핵융합로의 재료 개발을 비롯하여 양성자치료 분야 등을 중심으로 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구는 100 MeV 양성자 빔을 이용한 $^{27}Al(p,3p+n)^{24}Na$ 반응을 통하여 발생되는 지발 감마선(2754, 1386 keV) 스펙트럼을 고순도 HPGe 검출기를 이용하여 측정하였다. 실험에 사용되어진 양성자 빔은 양성자가속기연구센터(KOMAC)에 설치되어 있는 100 MeV 양성자선형가속기를 사용하였다. 측정된 감마선은 기존에 알려진 결과들과 비교분석하였다. 측정된 감마선의 강도는 고에너지 감마선 검출효율을 결정하는데 매우 중요한 정도를 제공 할 것으로 생각되어 진다.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.254-262
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• 2015

가동 물체형 점흡수식 반구형 파력발전장치의 수면하 형상에 대한 매개변수 연구를 수행하였다. 매개변수로는 반구의 반지름과 흘수를 사용하였고, 각 조건에 따른 반구의 상하운동응답을 분석하여 최적의 반지름과 흘수사이의 관계를 추정하였다. 또한 최대 파력 에너지를 추출하기 위해 PTO 시스템으로 인한 추가 감쇠 계수를 부유체의 방사 감쇠 계수와 동일하게 지정하였다. 부유체의 운동응답 스펙트럼과 추출 파워 스펙트럼을 입사파 스펙트럼 첨두 주파수의 변화에 따라 구하였다. 이를 통해, 가용 파 에너지 추출량의 첨두 주파수가 입사파 스펙트럼의 첨두 주파수보다 약 20% 클 때, 최대 파워 실효치를 갖는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 천문학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.223-243
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• 1996

We have constructed a line-by-line model of the A-X system of CO in order to analyze the CO bands appearing in the UV spectra of comets. The model includes electronic, rotational, vibrational transitions, excitations by solar UV radiation, and effects of neutral and electron collisions. The major bands of the A-X system occur in the $1200 - 1800{\AA}$ range where the temporal variation of solar irradiation is significant. The solar spectrum in this spectral range shows many emission lines, which cause a significant Swings effect. We derived fluorescence efficiencies of the bands as functions of heliocentric velocity and cometocentric distance using a high resolution spectrum of the sun. We compared our model with a spectrum of comet P/Halley obtained with the IUE, and estimated that the UV Swings effects are less than 20 fluorescence efficiencies for the most bands of the A-X system. We discuss the temporal variation of solar UV irradiation and its effects on the fluorescence efficiencies. The study of the A-X system also requites knowledge of vibrational and rotational fluorescent processes in the infrared and radio regions because the majority of CO molecules in the coma is in the ground rotational states. The solar infrared spectrum near 5 microns, where the fundamental band of CO occurs, contains strong absorption lines of the fundamental band and hot bands of CO and its isotopes. We derived fluorescence efficiencies of the infrared band as functions of heliocentric velocity and cometrocentric distance. The solar absorption lines near 5 microns cause a 20 reduction of the g-factor of the fundamental band at heliocentric velocities close to 0 km/sec. We discuss the effects of neutral and electron collisions on the fluorescence efficiencies of the infrared and UV bands.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권11호
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• pp.4244-4252
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• 2022

The accuracy of Monte Carlo (MC) simulations in estimating the computed tomography radiation dose is highly dependent on the accuracy of CT scanner model. A system was developed to observe the 3D model intuitively and to calculate the X-ray energy spectrum and the bowtie (BT) filter model more accurately in Monte Carlo N-particle (MCNP). Labview's built-in Open Graphics Library (OpenGL) was used to display basic surfaces, and constructive solid geometry (CSG) method was used to realize Boolean operations. The energy spectrum was calculated by simulating the process of electronic shooting and the BT filter model was accurately modeled based on the calculated shape curve. Physical data from a study was used as an example to illustrate the accuracy of the constructed model. RMSE between the simulation and the measurement results were 0.97% and 0.74% for two filters of different shapes. It can be seen from the comparison results that to obtain an accurate CT scanner model, physical measurements should be taken as the standard. The energy spectrum library should be established based on Monte Carlo simulations with modifiable input files. It is necessary to use the three-segment splicing modeling method to construct the bowtie filter model.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.64-71
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• 2019

Background: It is very difficult to distinguish between a radioactive contamination source and background radiation from natural radionuclides in the marine environment by means of online monitoring system. The objective of this study was to investigate a statistical process for triggering abnormal level of count rate data measured from our on-line seawater radioactivity monitoring. Materials and Methods: Count rate data sets in time series were collected from 9 monitoring posts. All of the count rate data were measured every 15 minutes from the region of interest (ROI) for $^{137}Cs$ ($E_{\gamma}=661.6keV$) on the gamma-ray energy spectrum. The Shewhart ($3{\sigma}$), CUSUM, and Bayesian S-R control chart methods were evaluated and the comparative analysis of determination methods for count rate data was carried out in terms of the false positive incidence rate. All statistical algorithms were developed using R Programming by the authors. Results and Discussion: The $3{\sigma}$, CUSUM, and S-R analyses resulted in the average false positive incidence rate of $0.164{\pm}0.047%$, $0.064{\pm}0.0367%$, and $0.030{\pm}0.018%$, respectively. The S-R method has a lower value than that of the $3{\sigma}$ and CUSUM method, because the Bayesian S-R method use the information to evaluate a posterior distribution, even though the CUSUM control chart accumulate information from recent data points. As the result of comparison between net count rate and gross count rate measured in time series all the year at a monitoring post using the $3{\sigma}$ control charts, the two methods resulted in the false positive incidence rate of 0.142% and 0.219%, respectively. Conclusion: Bayesian S-R and CUSUM control charts are better suited for on-line seawater radioactivity monitoring with an count rate data in time series than $3{\sigma}$ control chart. However, it requires a continuous increasing trend to differentiate between a false positive and actual radioactive contamination. For the determination of count rate, the net count method is better than the gross count method because of relatively a small variation in the data points.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.449-455
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• 2022

This study is to present a Geant4 code for the simulation of the absorbed dose distribution given by a medical linac for 6 MV photon beam. The dose distribution was verified by comparison with calculated beam data and beam data measured in water phantom. They were performed for percentage depth dose(PDD) and beam profile of cross-plane for two field sizes of 10 × 10 and 15 × 15 cm². Deviations of a percentage and distance were obtained. In energy spectrum, the mean energy was 1.69 MeV. Results were in agreement with PDD and beam profile of the phantom with a tolerance limit. The differences in the central beam axis data 𝜹₁ for PDD had been less than 2% and in the build up region, these differences increased up to 4.40% for 10 cm square field. The maximum differences of 𝜹₂ for beam profile were calculated with a result of 4.35% and 5.32% for 10 cm, 15 cm square fields, respectively. It can be observed that the difference was below 4% in 𝜹₃ and 𝜹₄. For two field sizes of 𝜹_50-90 and RW₅₀, the results agreed to within 2 mm. The results of the t-test showed that no statistically significant differences were found between the data for PDD of 𝜹₁, p>0.05. A significant difference on PDD was observed for field sizes of 10 × 10 cm², p=0.041. No significant differences were found in the beam profile of 𝜹₃, 𝜹₄, RW₅₀, and 𝜹_50-90. Significant differences on beam profile of 𝜹₂ were observed for field sizes of 10 × 10 cm², p=0.025 and for 15 × 15 cm², p=0.037. This work described the development and reproducibility of Geant4 code for verification of dose distribution.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.143-151
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• 1997

NaI(TI) 검출기의 파고는 용도에 따라 변하기 때문에, 온도 변화는 분광분석기의 에너지 교정에 영향을 미친다. 외부 선원을 사용하여 파고의 온도 의존성을 보상할 수 있으나 이것은 바람직하지 않은 콤프턴 영향을 야기한다. 이 연구에서는 환경중의 감마선 스펙트럼에서 뚜렸한 $^{212}Pb$로부터의 239 keV 피크, $^{214}Pb$로부터의 351 keV 피크, 40K로부터의 1460 keV 피크, $^{208}Tl$으로 부터의 2614 keV 피크를 에너지 교정의 기준 피크로 사용하였다. 이들 피크를 이용하는 방법은 마이크로소프트사의 Visual Basic으로 프로그램화하였다. 이렇게 개발된 프로그램은 신뢰성과 적용성을 검증하기 위해 $-20^{\circ}C$ 부터 $10^{\circ}C$까지 변하는 온도에서 30분 간격으로 측정한 환경 스펙트럼에 적용하였다. 그 결과로써 일상의 기온에서 측정한 $3'{\times}3'$ NaI(Tl) 검출기의 스펙트럼에 대해 이 방식의 에너지 교정은 효과적임이 입증되었다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.155-159
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• 2016

Background: Nuclear reactors produce a great number of antielectron neutrinos mainly from beta-decay chains of fission products. Such neutrinos have energies mostly in MeV range. We are interested in neutrinos in a region of keV, since they may take part in special weak interactions. We calculate reactor antineutrino spectra especially in the low energy region. In this work we present neutrino spectrum from a typical pressurized water reactor (PWR) reactor core. Materials and Methods: To calculate neutrino spectra, we need information about all generated nuclides that emit neutrinos. They are mainly fission fragments, reaction products and trans-uranium nuclides that undergo negative beta decay. Information in relation to trans-uranium nuclide compositions and its evolution in time (burn-up process) were provided by a reactor code MVP-BURN. We used typical PWR parameter input for MVP-BURN code and assumed the reactor to be operated continuously for 1 year (12 months) in a steady thermal power (3.4 GWth). The PWR has three fuel compositions of 2.0, 3.5 and 4.1 wt% $^{235}U$ contents. For preliminary calculation we adopted a standard burn-up chain model provided by MVP-BURN. The chain model treated 21 heavy nuclides and 50 fission products. The MVB-BURN code utilized JENDL 3.3 as nuclear data library. Results and Discussion: We confirm that the antielectron neutrino flux in the low energy region increases with burn-up of nuclear fuel. The antielectron-neutrino spectrum in low energy region is influenced by beta emitter nuclides with low Q value in beta decay (e.g. $^{241}Pu$) which is influenced by burp-up level: Low energy antielectron-neutrino spectra or emission rates increase when beta emitters with low Q value in beta decay accumulate Conclusion: Our result shows the flux of low energy reactor neutrinos increases with burn-up of nuclear fuel.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2008년도 추계종합학술대회 B
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• pp.693-696
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• 2008

4세대 이동 통신 서비스를 위한 시스템들은 멀티미디어 서비스를 지원하기 위해 대용량 데이터 전송이 가능한 OFDM(Orthogonal frequency Division Multiplexing) 방식을 이용하고, 서비스의 질을 높이기 위해 통신 영역을 세분화하여 Macro Cell, Pico Cell, Femto Cell 등으로 구성하고 있다. 통신 영역의 세분화로 인해 기존에 단일 Cell 을 사용하는 것과 달리 동일한 채널에서 Cell을 중첩시켜 서비스해야 하므로 시스템들 간의 대역간 간섭이 문제가 된다. 특히, OFDM 신호는 독립적으로 변조된 많은 부반송파들로 구성되므로 이들이 동위상으로 더해질 때 신호의 진폭이 증가하여 PAPR (Peak-to-Average Power Ratio) 문제가 발생한다. 높아진 PAPR은 전력 증폭기와 같은 비선형 소자를 통과하면서 신호의 왜곡이 발생하여 대역 외 스펙트럼 방출이 발생하므로 대역간 간섭으로 작용한다. 본 논문에서는 대역간 간섭을 최소화하기 위해 PAPR 감소기법을 적용한 후 전력증폭기와 같은 비선형 소자를 통과하면서 발생하는 대역 외 스펙트럼 방출에 대하여 분석하였다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.129-136
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• 1995

중저준위 에너지 범위에서 방사선관리용측정기기의 에너지의존성에 대한 연구를 위하여 ISO에서 는 ISO표준 X선장을 발간하였으며, 또한 ANSI에서도 개인방사선측정 기기의 성능시험을 위하여 ANSI X선장을 제시 하였다. 그러나 X선 스펙트럼의 측정은 많은 시간이 소요될 뿐만 아니라 특히 측정 X선 스펙트럼에 unfolding이 수행된다면 매우 어려운 작업이 된다. 따라서 이론적인 방법에 의해 스펙트럼을 계산 예측하고 그 평균에너지 및 선량환산인자를 계산하는 것은 X선 실험제작에 필요한 시간, 노력 및 비용을 최소화 할 수 있을 것이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 ISO Narrow series 및 ANSI X선장에 대하여 이론적으로 스펙트럼을 계산하였으며, 그에 의한 평균에너지와 선량당량혼산인자를 계산하였다. 본 계산에 의한 평균에너지 및 선량환산인자는 측정스펙트럼에 의한 ISO 및 X선장의 값과 잘 일치하였다.