• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.1783-1790
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• 2023

Barium Bismuth Oxide Borate (BBOB) has been synthesized for the first time using solution combustion technique. SEM analysis reveal flower shape of the nanoparticles. The formation of the nanoparticles has been confirmed through XRD & FTIR studies which gives the physical and chemical structure of the novel material. The UV light absorption is observed in the range 200-300 nm. The present study highlights the radiation shielding ability of BBOB for different radiations like X/Gamma rays, Bremsstrauhlung and neutrons. The gamma shielding efficiency is comparable to that of lead in lower energy range and lesser than lead in the higher energy range. The bremsstrauhlung exposure constant is comparably larger for BBOB NPs than that of concrete and steel however it is lesser than that of lead. The beauty of BBOB nanoparticles lies in, high absorption of radiations and low emission of secondary radiations when compared to lead. In addition, the neutron shielding parameters like scattering length, absorption and scattering cross sections of BBOB are found to be much better than lead, steel and concrete. Thus, BBOB nanoparticles are highly efficient in absorbing X/Gamma rays, neutrons and bremsstrauhlung radiations.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.269-275
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 붕규산 유리와 비정질 붕소강 섬유를 혼입한 콘크리트의 역학적 성능 및 중성자 차폐성능을 평가하였다. 잔골재를 붕규산 유리로 치환한 콘크리트와 비정질 붕소강 섬유를 보강한 콘크리트를 제조하여 압축강도, 정탄성계수, 압축인성, 휨강도, 휨인성, 중성자 차폐성능을 평가하였다. 실험결과, Plain 콘크리트와 대비하여 붕규산 유리를 혼입한 콘크리트의 경우 압축강도 및 휨강도는 저하되었으나, 중성자 차폐성능은 향상되는 것으로 나타났다. 비정질 붕소강 섬유를 혼입한 콘크리트의 경우 Plain 콘크리트와 대비하여 압축인성 및 휨인성이 증진되었으며 중성자 차폐성능도 향상되는 것으로 나타났다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.1062-1070
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• 2022

In the present communication, pure and stable α-Bismuth Oxide (Bi₂O₃) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by low temperature solution combustion method using urea as a fuel and calcined at 500℃. The synthesized sample was characterized by using powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy. The PXRD pattern confirms the formation of mono-clinic, stable and low temperature phase α-Bi₂O₃. The direct optical energy band gap was estimated by using Wood and Tauc's relation which was found to be 2.81 eV. The characterized sample was studied for X-ray/gamma ray shielding properties in the energy range 0.081-1.332 MeV using NaI (Tl) detector and multi channel analyzer (MCA). The measured shielding parameters agrees well with the theory, whereas, slight deviation up to 20% is observed below 356 keV. This deviation is mainly due to the influence of atomic size of the target medium. Furthermore an accurate theory is necessary to explain the interaction of X-ray/gamma ray with the NPs.The present work opens new window to use this facile, economical, efficient, low temperature method to synthesize nanomaterials for X-ray/gamma ray shielding purpose.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권9호
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• pp.3051-3057
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• 2021

The concrete is considered as an important radiation shielding material employed widely in nuclear reactors, particle accelerators, laboratory hot cells and other different radiation sources. The present research is dedicated to the shielding properties study of the ordinary concrete reinforced with different weight fractions of lead oxide micro/nano particles. Lead oxide particles were fabricated by chemical synthesis method and their properties including the average size, morphological structure, functional groups and thermal properties were characterized by XRD, FESEM-EDS, FTIR and TGA analysis. The gamma ray mass attenuation coefficient of concrete composites has been calculated and measured by means of the Monte Carlo simulation and experimental methods. The simulation process was based on the use of MCNP Monte Carlo code where the mass attenuation coefficient (μ/ρ) has been calculated as a function of different particle sizes and filler weight fractions. The simulation results showed that the employment of the lead oxide filler particles enhances the mass attenuation coefficient of the ordinary concrete, drastically. On the other hand, there are approximately no differences between micro and nano sized particles. The mass attenuation coefficient was increased by increasing the weight fraction of nanoparticles. However, a semi-saturation effect was observed at concentrations more than 10 wt%. The experimental process was based on the fabrication of concrete slabs filled by different weight fractions of nano lead oxide particles. The mass attenuation coefficients of these slabs were determined at different gamma ray energies using ²²Na, ¹³⁷Cs and ⁶⁰Co sources and NaI (Tl) scintillation detector. The experimental results showed that the HVL parameter of the ordinary concrete reinforced with 5 wt% of nano PbO particles was reduced by 64% at 511 keV and 48% at 1332 keV. Reasonable agreement was obtained between simulation and experimental results and showed that the employment of nano PbO particles is more efficient at low gamma energies up to 1Mev. The proposed concrete is less toxic and could be prepared in block form instead of toxic lead blocks.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.121-126
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• 2010

영상의학과 검사실을 비롯하여 병원에서 의료방사선 차폐제로 사용되는 대표적인 물질이 납이다. 납은 재질이 연하고 오래 동안 변질되지 않으며, 특히 X(${\gamma}$)선에 대한 선흡수계수가 커서 방사선 차폐제로 매우 유용하다. 그러나 납은 생물학적 구조와 기능에 필요하지 않는 부분이 많아 인체에 과다하게 노출되면 위험하므로 카드뮴, 수은, 비소 등과 같이 중금속으로 분류되어 있다. 이러한 위험성에서 벗어나기 위해서 납과 같은 방사선 차폐능력을 가지고 어떠한 형태로도 가공이 가능한 방사선 차폐물질을 개발하려고 노력하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 인체에 무해한 황산바륨을 이용하여 섬유, 고무, 실리콘에 함유하여 의료방사선 차폐시트를 개발하였고 이를 대상으로 의료방사선 차폐능력을 비교 평가하였다. 평가 결과에 있어서 실리콘에 바륨을 함유하여 제조한 시트가 가장 우수한 차폐능을 보였다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2017

Background: Ionizing radiation is known to be harmful to human health. The shielding of ionizing radiation depends on the attenuation which can be achieved by three main rules, i.e. time, distance and absorbing material. Materials and Methods: The mass attenuation coefficient, linear attenuation coefficient, Half Value Layer (HVL) and Tenth Value Layer (TVL) of X-rays (32 keV, 74 keV) and gamma rays (662 keV) are measured in Barium compounds. Results and Discussion: The measured values agree well with the theory. The effective atomic numbers ($Z_{eff}$) and electron density (Ne) of Barium compounds have been computed in the wide energy region 1 keV to 100 GeV using an accurate database of photon-interaction cross sections and the WinXCom program. Conclusion: The mass attenuation coefficient and linear attenuation coefficient for $BaCO_3$ is higher than the $BaCl_2$, $Ba(No_3)_2$ and BaSO4. HVL, TVL and mean free path are lower for $BaCO_3$ than the $BaCl_2$, $Ba(No_3)_2$ and $BaSO_4$. Among the studied barium compounds, $BaCO_3$ is best material for x-ray and gamma shielding.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권9호
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• pp.3268-3276
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• 2023

The practice of identifying the potential zones for mineral exploration in a speedy and low-cost method includes the use of satellite imagery analysis as a part of remote sensing techniques. It is challenging to explore the iron mineralization of a region through conventional methods which are a time-consuming process. The current study utilizes the Hyperion satellite imagery for mapping the iron mineralization and associated geological features in the Irikkur region, Kannur, Kerala. Along with the remote sensing results, the field study and laboratory-based analysis were conducted to retrieve the ground truth point and geochemical proportion to verify the iron ore mineralization. The MC simulation showed for shielding properties indicate an increase in the linear attenuation coefficient with raising the Fe₂O₃+SiO₂ concentrations in the investigated rocks where it is varied at 0.662 MeV in the range 0.190 cm^-1 - 0.222 cm^-1 with rising the Fe₂O₃+SiO₂ content from 57.86 wt% to 71.15 wt%. The analysis also revealed that when the γ-ray energy increased from 0.221 MeV to 2.506 MeV, sample 1 had the largest linear attenuation coefficient, ranging from 9.33 cm1 to 0.12 cm^-1. Charnockite rocks were found to have exceptional shielding qualities, making them an excellent natural choice for radiation shielding applications.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.949-959
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• 2021

The current study aims to explore the shielding properties of multi-component borate-based glass series. Seven glass-samples with composition of (80-y)H₃BO₃-10ZnO-10Na₂O-yBaO where (y = 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 mol.%) were synthesized by melt-quench method. Various shielding features for photons, neutrons, and protons were determined for all prepared samples. XCOM, Phy-X program, and SRIM code were performed to determine and explain several shielding properties such as equivalent atomic number, exposure build-up factor, specific gamma-ray constants, effective removal cross-section (Σ_R), neutron scattering and absorption, Mass Stopping Power (MSP) and projected range. The energy ranges for photons and protons were 0.015-15 MeV and 0.01-10 MeV, respectively. The mass attenuation coefficient (μ/ρ) was also determined experimentally by utilizing two radioactive sources (¹⁶⁶Ho and ¹³⁷Cs). Consistent results were obtained between experimental and XCOM values in determining μ/ρ of the new glasses. The addition of BaO to the glass matrix led to enhance the μ/ρ and specific gamma-ray constants of glasses. Whereas the remarkable reductions in Σ_R, MSP, and projected range values were reported with increasing BaO concentrations. The acquired results nominate the use of these glasses in different radiation shielding purposes.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.1585-1590
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• 2023

In this study, halloysite nanoparticles-doped epoxy resin was synthesised using the casting method. The MH-300A density metre revealed that the density of the fabricated composites changed from 1.132 to 1.317 g/cm³ as the halloysite nanoparticle concentration increased. The Fourier transform infrared was recorded for the synthesised composites. Furthermore, the γ-ray shielding properties of the synthesised composites were evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation and a theoretical programme, XCOM. The linear attenuation coefficient of the epoxy resin increased by 43% (at γ-energy of 15 keV) and 14% (at γ-photon energy of 662 keV) when the concentration of the halloysite nanoparticles was increased from 0 wt% to 40 wt%, respectively.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.393-400
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• 2020

혈관 조영술과 중재적 시술은 진단을 위한 일반적인 방사선 검사와 다르게 낮은 관전류를 사용함에도 불구하고 장시간의 방사선 피폭으로 인해 환자나 시술자의 방사선 노출에 의한 위험도가 높다. 이에 본 연구의 목적은 선량저감섬유 (Dose Reduction Fiber, DRF) 차폐포를 사용하여 환자와 시술자의 피폭 선량을 증가 시키는 원인 중 하나인 산란방사선의 차폐를 통한 피폭 선량 감소 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 선량저감섬유(DRF) 차폐포의 산란 방사선에 대한 차폐 효과를 알아보기 위해 방사선이 조사되는 조사야 밖 10 cm거리와 방사선의 인체 팬텀 투과 후 시술 부위 10cm 거리의 산란선량을 선량저감섬유(DRF) 차폐포 사용 전후로 유리 선량계를 이용하여 측정하였고, 조사야부에서 환자에게 조사된 방사선 중 불필요한 산란선량이 15~31%, 팬텀을 투과 후 시술부위에서는 발생한 산란선량이 53~70% 저감하는 효과를 확인 하였다. 선량 저감섬유(DRF)차폐포를 중재적 시술 시 비 시술 부위의 산란선 차폐제로 이용하면 의료 검사에는 영향을 주지 않으면서 산란선량을 줄여 환자와 시술자의 피폭 선량을 저감할 수 있다는 결과를 얻게 되었고, 이는 향후 혈관 조영술과 중재적 시술 시 선량저감섬유(DRF) 차폐포를 활용하여 환자와 시술자의 피폭선량경감을 통한 방사선 노출 위험의 경감을 기대할 수 있을 것으로 보인다.