• BMB Reports
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.273-282
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• 2002

Sp3 is a bifunctional transcription factor that has been reported to stimulate or repress the transcription of numerous genes. Although the size of Sp3 mRNA is 4.0kb, the size of the known Sp3 cDNA sequence is 3.6kb. Thus, Sp3 functional studies have been performed with an artificially introduced start codon, and thus an amino-terminus that differs from the wild-type. Ideally, full-length cDNA expression vectors with the appropriate start codon should be utilized for these studies. Using 5'rapid amplification of cDNA ends, a full-length Sp3 cDNA clone was generated and the sequence verified in nine cell lines. No AUG initiation codon was present. However, stop codons were present in all three frames 5' to the known coding sequence. In vitro translation of this full-length cDNA clone produced the expected three isoforms-one at 100 kDa and two in the mid 60 kDa range. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that the protein products had the ability to bind to the Sp1/3 consensus sequence. In vitro studies, using our Sp3 clone and site directed mutagenesis, identified the translation initiation site for the larger isoform as AUA. AUA has not been previously described as an endogenous initiation codon in eukaryotes.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.1559-1563
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• 2015

Background: Male breast cancer accounts for less than 1% of all cancers found in men. It usually presents at a later age and stage as compared to female breast cancer. Treatment strategies are extrapolated from the management of female breast cancer. Our study here looked at 18 patients diagnosed with and treated for male breast cancer at The Aga Khan University Hospital in Pakistan. We compared our findings with the existing data from Asian and Western countries. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted looking at patients with male breast cancer between January 1986 and December 2009. Patient and disease characteristics were analyzed and 5 year overall survival was calculated using Microsoft Excel and SPSS. Results: The average age at diagnosis was 52 years (38-67 years). Twelve (66.7%) patients had axillary lymphadenopathy. Stage II disease was the most common stage at presentation (9 patients, 50%). Infiltrating ductal carcinoma was seen in 16 patients (88.8%). Seven lesions were positive for both estrogen and progesterone receptors. Sixteen patients had surgery in the form of either modified radical mastectomy or radical mastectomy. Radiation was used in 7 patients in an adjuvant setting. The five year overall survival for stage I, II, III and IV disease was 100% vs 78% vs 50% vs 0%( p<0.05). Five year overall survival was 61%. None of the other prognostic factors were statistically significant. Median follow up was 15 months (3-202 months). Conclusions: Male breast cancer may be on a slow rise but is still an uncommon disease. Tumor stage and lymph node status are important prognostic markers. Public awareness and screening may help in detecting the disease at an earlier stage. Prospective trials are needed to improve the management of this disease.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.2747-2751
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• 2013

In this study we assessed the dietary phytochemical index in relation to the risk of breast cancer in women. This case-control study was conducted on 100 incident breast cancer cases and 175 healthy controls. Data regarding socio-demographic factors, medical history, medications, and anthropometric measurements were collected. Dietary data were obtained using a validated food frequency questionnaire and a energy-adjusted dietary phytochemical index (PI) was calculated. The odds ratios of breast cancer were assessed across energyadjusted PI quartile categories. The mean age of participants was $46.2{\pm}8.9$ and $45.9{\pm}9.4$ years in cases and controls, respectively. The mean PI across quartile categories was $13.9{\pm}2.6$, $21.1{\pm}1.8$, $26.7{\pm}2.1$, $41.6{\pm}10.2$ in the first, second, third and fourth quartiles, respectively. After adjustment for all potential confounders, the risk of breast cancer in the forth quartile of dietary PI was significantly decreased (OR=0.08, 95%CI=0.01-0.84). Higher intake of phytochemical-rich foods is associated with lower risk of breast cancer.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.287-293
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• 2013

Dandelion(Taraxacum officinale), an oriental herbal medicine, has been shown to favorably affect choleretic, antioxidative and protection of gastric mucosa. The protective effects of common dandelion leaf and root extract were investigated by irradiation in Sprague-Dawley rats. Male SD rats, 6weeks, were orally injected with dandelion extract(100mg/kg) for 10days. Immediately after final injection, rats were whole body irradiated with 10Gy used irradiation facility(Elekta Linac, Sweden). At 24h-15days after irradiation, complete blood counted test and apoptosis in jejunal crypt cell. Stimulated recovery by the extract was observed in platelet but was not showed in the erythrocyte and leucocyte. The jejunal crypt cells were protected significantly(p<0.05) and the radiation-induced apoptosis was reduced(p<0.05). The survival rate were carried for 15days, the survival ratio was 15% and 85% for the control and experimental group. Observations intestinal inhibition of cell death, intestinal mucosa and tissue decreased systemic inflammation and vacuole. Base on these data, we propose that dandelion may be a useful radioprotector, especially since it is a relatively nontoxic natural product.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.549-555
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• 2011

In this paper, inverted triangle structural planar monopole antenna with Edge for UWB Communication (3.1 ~ 10.6 GHz) is presented. The antenna have broadband property structurally through inverted triangle structural planar monopole which have edge. Monopole and ground of proposed antenna exist on coplanar plane, and excite as CPW. It used FR4 dielectric substrate of ${\epsilon}_r=4.4$, and the size is $20{\times}20{\times}1.6mm$. Return loss is more than - 10dB in 3.1 ~ 10.1 GHz (7.0 GHz). Radiation pattern is about the same that of dipole antenna at all frequency. At measured result, max gain is 8.44 dBi at E - plane.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.14
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• pp.5753-5757
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• 2014

Background: The purpose of this study is to determine whether the IGF1R expression has a prognostic role in non-small cell lung cancer. Materials and Methods: Forty-seven patients histopathologically diagnosed with small cell lung cancer upon bronchoscopic biopsy or resection materials were included in the study. IGF1R expression was examined via immunohistochemical methods. In samples, >10% staining were assessed as positive and ${\leq}10%$ as negative. Information about demographic datas and treatments was obtained by retrospective searches of patient files. Results: IGF1R expression was determined as positive in 38 (80.9%) and as negative in 9 (19.1%) patients. There was no significant relation between IGF1R expression and histological sub-type, local invasion, lymph node and metastasis status (p=0.842, p=0.437, 0.064, 0.447, respectively). There was also no correlation with IGF1R expression and survival (p=0.141). Conclusions: There are conflicting results between IGF1R and its prognostic effects in the various studies. It has been claimed in some studies it is not related to prognosis as in our study, and in some studies it has been claimed that it is a good prognostic factor whereas in some studies it has been claimed as being a factor for worse prognosis. We think that IGF1R expression in non-small cell lung carcinoma patients deserves further analysis, because of its potential prognostic and predictive roles.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is appropriate for detecting early changes in the mandibular bone marrow and pulp tissue of rats after high-dose irradiation. Materials and Methods: The right mandibles of Sprague-Dawley rats were irradiated with 10 Gy (Group 1, n=5) and 20 Gy (Group 2, n=5). Five non-irradiated animals were used as controls. The MR images of rat mandibles were obtained before irradiation and once a week until week 4 after irradiation. From the MR images, the signal intensity (SI) of the mandibular bone marrow and pulp tissue of the incisor was interpreted. The MR images were compared with the histopathologic findings. Results: The SI of the mandibular bone marrow had decreased on T2-weighted MR images. There was little difference between Groups 1 and 2. The SI of the irradiated groups appeared to be lower than that of the control group. The histopathologic findings showed that the trabecular bone in the irradiated group had increased. The SI of the irradiated pulp tissue had decreased on T2-weighted MR images. However, the SI of the MR images in Group 2 was high in the atrophic pulp of the incisor apex at week 2 after irradiation. Conclusion: These patterns seen on MRI in rat bone marrow and pulp tissue were consistent with histopathologic findings. They may be useful to assess radiogenic sclerotic changes in rat mandibular bone marrow.

• ALGAE
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.177-187
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• 2020

Cyanobacteria have been widely reported to produce a variety of UV-absorbing mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs). Herein, we reported production of the unusual MAA, mycosporine-glycine-alanine (MGA) in the cyanobacterium Sphaerospermopsis torques-reginae ITEP-024 using a newly developed UHPLC-DAD-MS/HRMS (ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry) method. MGA had previously been first identified in a red-algae, but S. torques-reginae strain ITEP-024 is the first cyanobacteria to be reported as an MGA producer. Herein, the chemical structure of MGA is fully elucidated from one-dimensional / two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance and HRMS data analyses. MAAs are unusually produced constitutively in S. torques-reginae ITEP-024, and this production was further enhanced following UV-irradiance. It has been proposed that MAA biosynthesis proceeds in cyanobacteria from the pentose phosphate pathway intermediate sedoheptulose 7-phosphate. Annotation of a gene cluster encoded in the genome sequence of S. torques-reginae ITEP-024 supports these gene products could catalyse the biosynthesis of MAAs. However, addition of glyphosate to cultures of S. torques-reginae ITEP-024 abolished constitutive and ultra-violet radiation induced production of MGA, shinorine and porphyra-334. This finding supports involvement of the shikimic acid pathway in the biosynthesis of MAAs by this species.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.124-129
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the penetration dose and shielding rates of tungsten shields used in apron material by changing the type of source used in the nuclear medicine department, thickness of shielding material and distance between the source and detector. For the experiment, the source, shield, and detector were arranged in a straight line and measured with an inspector at a height of 100 cm. The highest shielding effect of tungsten was measured for $^{201}Tl$, while $^{123}I$ showed a higher shielding effect than $^{99m}Tc$. For the sources used in the experiment, the penetration dose decreased with distance and the shielding rate was measured with thicker thickness. However, the shielding rate of $^{13}1I$ and $^{18}F$ sources was found to be lower than when there was no shielding at 0.25 mmPb shield. Therefore, even if the radiation shielding effect of tungsten is high, considering the characteristics according to the type of source and the thickness of the shielding material, it may be helpful to reduce the exposure.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.151-159
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• 2000

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the important human pathogen that can cause acute and chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Recently, the third generation radiation immuno assay (RIA) method has been developed as a very sensitive test to detect anti-HCV antibody. However, false positive is the problem with RIA test. To solve this the RIA results were compared to those of 5-antigen recombinant immunoblot assay (5-RIBA) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Among 12,767 serum samples tested from clinic visitors, total 275 (2.2%) samples were antibody positive by RIA. RIBA was performed with 148 RIA positives cases but among them was shown eighty five was antibody positive and sixty three (42.6%) was negative result. However, nested RT-PCR test was shown also carried out with 43 positive, 6 intermediates and 25 negatives of RIBA. As a result of the nested RT-PCR results, HCV antigen were detected in RIBA positive, 33.3% (2/6) RIBA intermediate and 12% (3/25). Clinical syndrome of all 148 patients as a with chronic active hepatitis (46.0%), cirrhosis (18.9%), hepatocellular carcinoma (8.1%) and others (27.0%) and they were positive in reaction by RIA test. But RIBA positive patients with 34.9% of chronic active hepatitis, 18.6% of cirrhosis, 4.6% of hepatocellular carcinoma and 41.9% of others were detected to be positive case by nested RT-PCR.