• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.130-137
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• 2004

목적 : 자궁경부암의 방사선치료 시 3차원입체조형방사선치료(3D-CRT)와 세기조절방사선치료(IMRT)는 소장의 방사선 조사선량을 감소시킬 수 있으며, 소장전위장치(SBDS)는 골반강 내의 소장 용적을 감소시킬 수 있다고 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 SBDS를 사용한 3D-CRT와 IMRT 계획을 SBDS를 사용하지 않은 계획과 비교하여, SBDS의 소장 조사선량에 대한 영향을 평가하였다 대상 및 방법 : 자궁경부암으로 근치적 방사선치료를 받은 10명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 각 환자에 대하여 스티로폼 압박기구와 환자에게 개별적으로 제작되는 고정기구로 구성된 SBDS를 제작하였고, SBDS가 있는 상태와 없는 상태로 복와위에서 전산화단층촬영(CT)을 시행하였다 3D-CRT는 4-field box technique을, IMRT는 15 MV X-선 7 조사문을 이용하여 계획하였으며, 회전중심점에 50 Gy (25회 분할)를 처방하였다. 비교 분석은 SBDS의 사용에 따른 소장 용적의 변화와 네 가지 계획의 소장의 선량체적히스토그람의 차이를 10 Gy 단위로 paired f-test를 이용하여 분석하였다. 결과 : 소장의 용적은 SBDS를 사용하였을 때 평균 522 cm$^{3}$에서 262 cm$^{3}$로 49.8$\%$ 감소되었다. 10 Gy부터 50 Gy까지 10 Gy 간격으로 일정한 조사선량을 받는 소장의 용적은 SBDS를 사용하였을 때 3D-CRT에서65$\~$80$\%$, IMRT에서 54$\~$67$\%$ 감소하였다. 3D-CRT와 IMRT를 서로 비교하면, 20 Gy부터 50 Gy까지 10 Gy간격으로 일정한 조사선량을 받는 소장 용적은 SBDS를 사용하지 않은 경우에는 IMRT가 6$\~$7$\%$ 정도 유의하게 적었으나 SBDS를 사용한 경우에는 1$\%$ 이내로 차이가 없었다. 결론 : 3D-CRT와 IMRT에서 SBDS를 사용할 때 소장의 조사선량을 더 감소시킬 수 있었으므로, SBDS를 치료에 이용하면 소장의 부작용을 더 감소시킬 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제34권s02호
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• pp.66-80
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• 1989

Salt injury in rice is caused mainly by the salinity in soil and in the irrigated water, and occasionaly by salinity delivered through typhoon from the sea. The salt concentration of rice plants increased with higher salinity in the soil of the rice growing. The climatic conditions, high temperature and solar radiation and dry conditions promote the salt absorption of rice plant in saline soil. The higher salt accumulation in the rice plant generally reduces the root activity and inhibits the absorption of minerals of rice plant, resulting the reduction of photosynthesis. The salt damages of rice plant, however, are different from different growth stage of rice plants as follows: 1. Germination of rice seed was slightly delayed up to 1.0％ of salt concentration and remarkably at 1. 5％, but none of rice seeds were germinated at 2.5％. This may be due to the delayed water uptake of rice seeds and the inhibition of enzyme activity, 2. It was enable to establish rice seedlings at seed bed by 0.2％ of salt concentration with some reduction of leaf elongation. The increasing of 0.3％ salt concentration caused to the seedling death with varietal differences, but most of seedlings were death at 0.4％ with no varietal differences. 3. Seedlings grown at the nursery over 0.1％ salt, gradually reduced in rooting activity after transplanting according to increasing the salt concentration from 0.1％ up to 0.3％ of paddy field. However, the seedlings grown in normal seed bed showed no difference in rooting between varieties up to 0.1％ but significantly different at 0.3％ between varieties, but greatly reduced at 0.5％ and died at last in paddy after transplanting. 4. At panicle initiation stage, rice plant delayed in heading by salt damage, at meiotic stage reduced in grains and its filling rate due to inhibition of glume and pollen developing, and salt damage at heading stage and till 3 weeks after heading caused to reduction of fertilization and ripening rate. In viewpoint of agricultural policy the overcoming strategy for salt injury is to secure sufficient water source. Irrigation and drainage systems as well as underground drainage is necessary to desalinize more effectively. This must be the most effective and positive way except cost. By cultural practice, growing the salt tolerant variety with high population could increase yield. The intermittent irrigation and fresh water flooding especially at transplanting and from panicle initiation to heading stage, the most sensitive to salt injury, is important to reduce the salt content in saline soil. During the off-cropping season, plough and rotavation with flooding followed by drainage, or submersion and drainage with groove could improve the desalinization. Increase of nitrogen fertilizer with more split application, and soil improvement by lime, organic matter and forign soil addition, could increase the rice yield. Shift of trans-planting is one of the way to escape from the salt injury.

• 대한한방종양학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2000

The present study was performed in order to evaluate the effects of the gamihyangsayukgunjatang on radioprotection and apoptosis in small intestines of mice after whole body irradiation. Two hundred forty mice were divided into 40 groups according to the radiation dose and the gamihyangsayukgunjatang treatment. The extracts of the herbal medicines were orally administered to each group differently before and/or after irradiation. The gamihyangsayukgunjatang treated groups were divided into 3 groups. Sample Ⅰ was the group treated with the gamihyangsayukgunjatang for 3 days before the radiation, sample Ⅱ was the group treated with the gamihyangsayukgunjatang for 3 days after the radiation. Sample Ⅲ was the group treated with the gamihyangsayukgunjatang for both 3 days before and after the radiation. To analyze the crypt survival, the micradony survival assay was used according to the Withers and Elind's method. To analyze the apptosis, the TUNEL assay was done. The results obtained are a follows : 1. From the microcolony survival assay, the gamihyangsayukgunjatang treated groups showed the radioprotective effect with a statistical significance(p<0.05), as compared to the control group. Comparing the radioprotective effect among the 3 groups, sample III was statistically more significant than sample I and II (p<0.05). Sample I showed no effect. In accordance with the research mentioned above, it is suggested that the radioprotective effect of the gamihyangsayukgunjatang is more useful for the treatment of the radiation injury rather that the prevention. 2. The results of the TUNEL assay showed that the apoptotic index in the gamihyangsayukgunjatang treated group was slightly decreased with no effectiveness, as compared to the control group. According to the above results, it could be suggested that the gamihyangsayukgujatang has a prominent protective effect in mice intestines against the radiation damage. However, the radioprotective effect does not seem to be related to inhibition of the apoptosis.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.237-242
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• 2004

방사선피폭 후 급성조혈계 손상에 대한 Melatonin과 Ge-132의 방어효과를 8 Gy의 선량으로 급성, 전신피폭 된 마우스에서 연구하였다. Melatonin은 피폭 1시간 전에 200 mg/kg의 용량으로 복강 내 주사하였고, Ge-132는 130 - 150 mg/kg/d의 용량으로 피폭 후 5일째부터 20일째까지 경구복용 시켰다. 방사선방어 효과를 평가하기 위해 비장에서 TUNEL assay를 실시하였고 혈액 내 림프구와 총 백혈구 수치를 측정하였다. 피폭 후 30일째까지의 생존분석을 위해 4 실험군들 (피폭단독군, melatonin 전처치군, Ge-132 후처치군, melatonin 전처치 및 Ge-132 후처치군)에서 날짜경과에 따른 사망을 측정하였다. 피폭단독군과 melatonin 전처치군 간에 세포고사지수 (47.8% vs 45.9%, p=0.385)와 림프구 수치 ($97/{\mu}{\ell}\;vs\;101/{\mu}{\ell}$, p=0.898)에서 차이가 없었으나, 총 백혈구 수치는 melatonin 전처치군에서 유의하게 높은 수치 ($147/{\mu}{\ell}\;vs\;306/{\mu}{\ell}$, p=0.010)를 보였다. 피폭 후 30일째의 생존율은 피폭단독군, melatonin 전처치군, Ge-132 후처치군, 그리고 melatonin 전처치 및 Ge-132 후처치군에서 각각 21.4%, 100%, 35.7%, 그리고 85.7%였다. 실험군들 간의 생존분석에서 melatonin 전처치 군은 피폭단독군(p=0.000)이나 Ge-132 후처치군(p=0.0003)에 유의하게 높은 생존을 보였다. 본 연구결과는 방사선피폭 후 급성조혈계증후군에 대하여 melatonin이 방사선방어제로서 효능을 지님을 보여주고 있다.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.120-125
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• 1992

홍삼 추출물의 방사선(5Gy)에 조사된 생쥐의 효소활성에 미치는 영향을 관찰하기 위하여 ICR계 생쥐를 대상으로 생리적 식염수구를 대구조로 하여, 홍삼 엑기스를 살균수 $10m{\ell}$에 50mg에 녹여, 매일 각각 $0.1m{\ell}$씩 10일간 복강내에 홍삼추출물 투여구와 방사선만을 조사한구 및 홍삼추출물 투여 후 방사선 조사구등 4그로 나누어 1일, 4일, 9일, 17일 및 30일 등 5회에 걸쳐 생체의 조직 중 간, 신장에서의 GOT, GPT의 활성을 측정하여 결과를 얻었다. GOT의 활성도 변화는 간, 신장에서 초기에 현저히 증가했으며 이후 회복하는 경향이었다. 방사선 조사구들에서는 홍삼추출물 투여구가 방사선만 조사한구보다 빠르게 회복하는 경향이었다. GPT 활성도 변화는 간, 신장에서 모두 초기에 증가하다가 점차 회복하는 경향이었으며 홍삼추출물 투여 후 방사선 조사구가 방사선만 조사한구보다 빠르게 회복하는 경향이었다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때 홍삼 추출물은 방사선 조사에 의하여 기인된 간 및 신장의 GOT와 GPT 활성도 회복에 효과가 있다고 생각된다.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.196-200
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• 2000

Objectives: Submandibular gland tumors is rare. The aim of this study is to get a clinical feature of submandibular gland tumors and to apply a treatment of submandibular gland tumors of future patients. Methods: We analyzed retrospectively the 18 patients with submandibular gland tumors who were treated surgically at Presbyterian Medical Center(PMC), during the period of 8 years from 1992 to 1999. Analysis was performed regarding the incidence, classification, surgical treatment, surgical complication, recurrence and prognosis. Result : 1) Male to female sex ratio was 1:1.25, the most prevalent age group was the 5th decade. 2) Benign tumors were 12 cases(66.7%) and malignant tumors were 6 cases(33.3%). 3) Histopathologically, the most common benign submandibular gland tumor was pleomorphic adenoma, and the most malignant submandibular gland tumor was adenoid cystic carcinoma. 4) In pleomorphic adenoma, excision of submandibular gland was performed in all case(8case). In malignant tumors, excision and supraomohyoid node dissection was performed in 3cases, and modified-radical neck dissection(RND) was performed in 2cases, and than standard RND was performed in 1case. 5) In the malignant tumor, we choose a radiation therapy as adjuvant therapy. 6) In a surgical complication of submandibular gland tumor, we had a facial nerve injury(1case). 7) Recurrence rate of submandibular gland tumor was 22.2%, and than all case were malignant tumor. Overall 5-year survival rate of submandibular gland cancer was 50%. Conclusion: In above results, postoperative recurrence rate is low in benign, but high in malignant tumor of submandibular gland. Surgical procedure should not be aggressive in benign tumor, but should be aggressive in malignant tumor of submandibular gland and an adjuvant radiation therapy should be considered.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.287-299
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• 2011

Pharmacological effects of Panax ginseng have been demonstrated in cardiovascular system, endocrine secretion and immune system, together with antitumor, anti-stress and anti-oxidant activities. Modern scientific data show protective effect of ginseng against bone marrow cell death, increased survival rate of experimental animals, recovery of hematopoietic injury, immunopotentiation, reduction of damaged intestinal epithelial cells, inhibition of mutagenesis and effective protection against testicular damages, caused by radiation exposure. And also, ginseng acts in indirect fashion to protect radical processes by inhibition of initiation of free radical processes and thus reduces the radiation damages. The research has made much progress, but still insufficient to fully uncover the action mechanism of ginseng components on the molecule level. This review provides the usefulness of natural product, showing no toxic effects, as an radioprotective agent. Furthermore, the further clinical trials on radioprotection of ginseng need to be highly done to clarify its scientific application. The effective components of ginseng has been known as ginsenosides. Considering that each of these ginsenosides has pharmacological effect, it seems likely that non-saponin components might have radioprotective effects superior to those of ginsenosides, suggesting its active ingredients to be non-saponin series. These results also show that the combined effects of saponin and non-saponin components play an important role in the radioprotective effects of ginseng.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.370-374
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• 2005

Objective: We investigated the morphologic changes within 24 hours after a single ${\gamma}$-irradiation in the rat brain. Methods: Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were used. After a burr hole trephination on right parietal area, cerebral hemisphere was irradiated with 2Gy and 5Gy using iridium-192($^{192}Ir$), respectively. The effect was assessed at 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours after irradiation. The histological changes were scored following the detection of edema or disarray severity. TUNEL-positive cells exhibiting apoptotic morphology were counted in irradiated region. Results: Cortical edema and disarray were initially showed at 4 or 8 hour and almost all defined at 24 hour after irradiation. And the injury was wedge shape. TUNEL-positive cells were minimal at 8 hour after irradiation as the number of positive cells were $2.6{\pm}5.27$(n=5) after 2Gy, and $0.8{\pm}0.84$(n=5) after 5Gy. But, the number of apoptotic cells were increased markedly to $60{\pm}6.24$ at 12 hour after 2Gy and to $104{\pm}19.7$ at 24 hour after 5Gy. Conclusion: There were prominent morphologic changes immediately after ${\gamma}$-irradiation. And, apoptosis was increased according to the time period. These findings implicate that brain irradiation induces rapid apoptotic change, which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of radiation-induced pathologic conditions.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.1519-1527
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• 2020

일반적인 방사선 측정장치는 방사능 오염원에 대한 선량률을 측정하는 공간 선량률 탐지 장치와 방사능 오염정보에 대한 2차원 또는 3차원 영상화 장치의 형태로 개발되었다. 이러한 방사선 계측 기법은 각각의 장단점을 가지고 있으나 방사능 사고 지역에서 인명피해를 최소화하며, 빠른 제염을 위해서는 두 가지 탐지 장치의 장점이 모두 필요하다. 방사능 오염원으로부터 방사능 피해를 최소화하기 위해서는 방출되는 방사선에 대한 선량률 뿐만 아니라 어디에서 방출되고 있는지를 빠르게 확인해야 하기 때문이다. 본 논문에서는 방사능 오염원 탐지를 위한 검출 센서와 회전체, 방향성을 갖는 콜리메이터를 이용하여 방사능 오염원에 대한 선량률 및 방향 정보를 실시간으로 측정 할 수 있는 기법을 고안하였다. 회전형 기반의 방사능 탐지 장치는 탐지 센서를 둘러싼 회전체가 회전하며 개구부와 일치할 때 획득되는 방사능 정보와 회전체의 위치정보를 통해 선량률과 방향을 확인할 수 있도록 구성하였으며, 다수개의 홀을 통해 수직, 수평 방향에 대한 측정 기법을 제안하였다. 탐지 결과 수평 방향에서의 탐지 시 방향 정보에 대한 측정오차는 1% 미만으로 확인하였다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2003

두 경부 악성종양 치료를 위한 방사선조사가 정상 타액선 조직에 미치는 영향을 관찰하기 위하여 체중 100 gm 내외의 sprague dawley종 암컷흰쥐 42마리를 대조군, 실험 1, 2군으로 분류하고 대조군은 6마리, 실험군은 18마리씩 나누어, CLINAC 2100 C-D 6 MV X-RAY를 사용하여 조사거리 100 cm분당 100 cGy로 실험군 흰쥐의 두 경부에 조사시켜 희생시킨 후 통법에 따라 현미경 표본을 제작 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 악하선의 소포세포의 손상은 분할조사의 양이 증가할수록 심하였으며 12 Gy군은 매우 경미한 손상을 보이는데 비해 24 Gy군은 심한 손상을 야기하였다. 2. 악하선의 소포세포는 핵의 다형태성, 분비과립의 감소와 다형태성, 과립형질내세망의 확장, 사립체의 팽창과 창백, 골지체의 확장 등이 관찰되었다. 3. 방사선감수성이 예민한 순서는 장액세포, 장점액세포, 분비소관세포의 순이었다. 4. 도관상피세포 및 점액세포에는 중요한 변화가 없었다. 5. 모든 실험군을 통하여 미세혈관의 손상 소견이 없어 미세혈관 손상이 타액선에 조기 손상을 유발시키지 않는 것으로 생각된다.