• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.641-659
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The skin is the outermost organ of the human body and plays a protective role against external environmental damages, such as sunlight and pollution, which affect anti-oxidant defenses and skin inflammation, resulting in erythema or skin reddening, immunosuppression, and epidermal DNA damage. MATERIALS/METHODS: The present study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of red orange complex H extract (ROC) against ultraviolet (UV)-induced skin photoaging in Skh:HR-2 mice. ROC was orally administered at doses of 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg/day for 13 weeks, along with UV irradiation of the mice for 10 weeks. RESULTS: ROC improved UV-induced skin barrier parameters, including erythema, melanin production, transepidermal water loss, elasticity, and wrinkle formation. Notably, ROC inhibited the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α) and melanogenesis. In addition, ROC recovered the UV-induced decrease in the hyaluronic acid and collagen levels by enhancing genes expression. Furthermore, ROC significantly downregulated the protein and mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinases responsible for collagen degradation. These protective effects of ROC against photoaging are associated with the suppression of UV-induced phosphorylation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and activator protein 1 activation. CONCLUSIONS: Altogether, our findings suggest that the oral administration of ROC exerts potential protective activities against photoaging in UV-irradiated hairless mice.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.756-767
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• 2007

For the combination of phosphor screens having various thicknesses and a photodiode array manufactured by complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process, we report the observation of image-quality degradation under the irradiation of 45-kVp spectrum x rays. The image quality was assessed in terms of dark pixel signal, dynamic range, modulation-transfer function (MTF), noise-power spectrum (NPS), and detective quantum efficiency (DQE). For the accumulation of the absorbed dose, the radiation-induced increase both in dark signal and noise resulted in the gradual reduction in dynamic range. While the MTF was only slightly affected by the total ionizing dose, the noise power in the case of $Min-R^{TM}$ screen, which is the thinnest one among the considered screens in this study, became larger as the total dose was increased. This is caused by incomplete correction of the dark current fixed-pattern noise. In addition, the increase tendency in NPS was independent of the spatial frequency. For the cascaded model analysis, the additional noise source is from direct absorption of x-ray photons. The change in NPS with respect to the total dose degrades the DQE. However, with carefully updated and applied correction, we can overcome the detrimental effects of increased dark current on NPS and DQE. This study gives an initial motivation that the periodic monitoring of the image-quality degradation is an important issue for the long-term and healthy use of digital x-ray imaging detectors.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.636-645
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• 2022

Background: Ginsenoside Rg3 and gemcitabine have mutual enhancing antitumor effects. However, the underlying mechanisms are not clear. This study explored the influence of ginsenoside Rg3 on Zinc finger protein 91 homolog (ZFP91) expression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) and their regulatory mechanisms on gemcitabine sensitivity. Methods: RNA-seq and survival data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-PAAD and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) were used for in-silicon analysis. PANC-1, BxPC-3, and PANC-1 gemcitabine-resistant (PANC-1/GR) cells were used for in vitro analysis. PANC-1 derived tumor xenograft nude mice model was used to assess the influence of ginsenoside Rg3 and ZFP91 on tumor growth in vivo. Results: Ginsenoside Rg3 reduced ZFP91 expression in PAAD cells in a dose-dependent manner. ZFP91 upregulation was associated with significantly shorter survival of patients with PAAD. ZFP91 overexpression induced gemcitabine resistance, which was partly conquered by ginsenoside Rg3 treatment. ZFP91 depletion sensitized PANC-1/GR cells to gemcitabine treatment. ZFP91 interacted with Testis-Specific Y-Encoded-Like Protein 2 (TSPYL2), induced its poly-ubiquitination, and promoted proteasomal degradation. Ginsenoside Rg3 treatment weakened ZFP91-induced TSPYL2 poly-ubiquitination and degradation. Enforced TSPYL2 expression increased gemcitabine sensitivity of PAAD cells and partly reversed induced gemcitabine resistance in PANC-1/GR cells. Conclusion: Ginsenoside Rg3 can increase gemcitabine sensitivity of pancreatic adenocarcinoma at least via reducing ZFP91 mediated TSPYL2 destabilization.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.105-110
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• 2017

Prolonged exposure to solar ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation has been known to cause premature skin aging (photo-aging). UVA radiation generates ROS thereby induce degenerative changes of skin such as degradation of dermal collagen, elastic fibers. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), the proteolytic enzymes have been implicated as a major player in the development of UVA-induced photo-aging. Many studies have been conducted to block the harmful effects of UV radiation on the skin. Recently, we are interested in the availability of fermented red ginseng (FRG) as natural matrix metalloproteinases inhibitors (MMPIs). The efficacy difference between red ginseng and FRG has been compared. Both RG and FRG have no cytotoxic effects below the concentration of $300{\mu}g/ml$. Human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were pretreated with FRG or RG for 24h, followed by irradiation of UVA. Then, we measured the intracellular ROS production and the expression of MMP, $IL-1{\beta}$ at the mRNA level. We also examined the intracellular localization of $NF-{\kappa}B$ and MMP-9 on the FRG or RG treated and UVA-irradiated HDFs. FRG decreased the intracellular ROS production elicited by UVA. In addition, FRG decreased the mRNA expression of MMP-3, MMP-9, and $IL-1{\beta}$ more efficiently than RG. Furthermore, FRG suppressed the nuclear localization of $NF-{\kappa}B$, and the expression of MMP-9. Taken together, our results suggest that FRG is promising agents to prevent UVA-induced photo-aging by suppressing MMP expression and inflammation.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1983

By controlling both the means of grafting and the cast-solution components, no degradation and dimensional change of radiation-induced graft polymerization were found. The electric resistance of styrene-cellulose acetate grafts increases with increasing styrene content, while those for the hydrophilic monomers show no marked effect. In comparison with the grafted cellulose acetate membrane by simultaneous irradiation method, the appearance of the grafted membrane by post-polymerization method was not markedly changed irrespective of the percent of grafting and radiation dose of electron beam or ${\gamma}$-ray. The combination of crosslinking agents such as divinyl benzene (OB) or trimethyl propane triacrylate (TMPT) in the VP:St:BPO system leads to gradual increase of the percent of grafting. The activation energy for grafting of St:VP:BPO solution onto cellulose acetate membrane was determined to be about 21.8 Kcal/mole over the range of 55$^{\circ}$-8$0^{\circ}C$. The initial rate of grafting (in %/hr) is proportional to the power 0.76 for dose intensities.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.367-374
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• 2002

Purpose : To investigate the growth inhibitory effects, and the underlying mechanism of human colon cancer cell (HT-29) death, induced by a new synthetic bile acid derivative (HS-1200). Materials and Methods : Human colon cancer cells (HT-29), in exponential growth phase, were treated with various concentrations of a new synthetic bile acid derivative (HS-1200). The growth inhibitory effects on HT-29 cells were examined using a frypan blue exclusion assay. The extent of apoptosis was determined using agarose gel electrophoresis, TUNEL assays and Hoechst staining. The apoptotic cell death was also confirmed by Western blotting of PARP, caspase-3 and DNA fragmentation factor (DFF) analysis. To investigate the involvement of mitochondria, we employed immunofluorescent staining of cytochrome c and mitochondrial membrane potential analyses. Results : The dose required for the half maximal inhibition $(IC_{50})$ of the HT-29 cell growth was $100\~150\;{\mu}M$ of HS-1200. Several changes, associated with the apoptosis of the HT-29 cells, were reveal by the agarose gel eletrophoresis, TUNEL assays and Hoechst staining, following their treatment with $100\;{\mu}M$ of HS-1200. HS-1200 treatment also induced caspase-3, PARP and DFF degradations, and the western blotting showed the processed caspase-3 p20, PARP p85 and DFF p30 and p11 cleaved products. Mitochondrial events were also demonstrated. The cytochrome c staining indicated that cytochrome c had been released from the mitochondria in the HS-1200 treated cells. The mitochondrial membrane potential $(\Delta\Psi_m)$ was also prominently decreased in the HS-1200 treated cells. Conclusion : These findings suggest that the HS-1200 - induced apoptosis of human colon cancer cells (HT-29) is mediated via caspase and mitochondrial pathways.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.77-83
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• 2001

The present study was conducted to elucidate whether the expression level of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is related to the ultraviolet radiation (UV)-induced apoptosis. After treatment of the mammalian cell lines HeLa S3 and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) with 50 J/m2 UV, induction of apoptosis was determined by several means during 24 h post-incubation. Incidence of apoptosis was much lower in CHO than HeLa S3 cells based on the percentage of apoptotic cells in terms of morphological changes in nucleus or direct counting of viable cells and qualitative or quantitative DNA fragmentation. Interestingly, when the expression level of PARP was measured by western blotting, the amounts of PARP that was retained at each time point inversely correlated with the incidences of apoptosis in these cells. Concomitant with generation of the 85 kDa fragment, 116 kDa PARP disappeared in HeLa S3 within 6 h after UV treatment, whereas a fair amounts of 116 kDa band was still retained in CHO cells at 36 h post-incubation. This inverse relationship was also observed in the adaptive response system, in which cells weve treated with a high dose of UV after pretreatment with a low dose. As expected, typical adaptive responses appeared in CHO cells but not in HeLa cells, showing greater cell viability and lesser DNA fragmentation. During the adaptive response in CHO cells, PARP was expressed at much higher level compared to the single, high dose-treated cells. Interestingly, even though PARP was induced at 6 h post-incubation In both cell types, its expression was more prominent in CHO cells. Thus, our data indicate that the retained level of intact PARP against UV damage inversely correlates with incidence of apoptosis in mammalian cells, and also suggest that a machinery to protect the PARP degradation against UV damage exists in CHO but not in HeLa S3 cells.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1992.11a
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• pp.123-127
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• 1992

When MOS devices is exposed to radiation, radiation effects of P-type MOS capacitor can cause modulation and/or degradation in devices characteristics and its operating life. The oxide layer is grown in $O_2$+T.C.E. and its thickness ranges from 40 to 80 nm. Irradiations on MOS capacitor were performed by Cobalt-60 gamma ray source and total dose ranges from $10^4$ to $10^8$ rads. The radiation effect on electrical conduction characteristics(I-V) in MOS capacitor was measured as a function of gate oxide thickness and total dose. From the experimental result, I-V characteristics is found to be influenced strongly by total dose in irradiated p-type MOS capacitors. The ohmic current is dependant on of total dose in irradiated P-type MOS capacitors. This results are explained using surface states at interface radiation-induced traps.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.45 no.11
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• pp.651-657
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• 2008

In this study, CNT/$TiO_2$ composites were prepared using surface modified Multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and titanium n-butoxide (TNB) with benzene. The composites were characterized by nitrogen adsorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), FT-IR spectra, and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. The UV radiation induced photoactivity of the CNT/$TiO_2$ composites was tested using a fixed concentration of methylene blue (MB, $C_{16}H_{18}N_3S{\cdot}Cl{\cdot}3H_2O$) in an aqueous solution. Finally, it can be considered that the MB removal effect of the CNT/$TiO_2$ composites is not only due to the adsorption effect of MWCNT and photocatalytic degradation of $TiO_2$, but also to electron transfer between MWCNT and $TiO_2$.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.176-184
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• 2012

In this paper, the effects of a metal plane on the performance of a meandered slot RFID antenna are evaluated in a real environment, and 3 metal plane cases are considered (the most likely scenarios in which metal conductive materials are placed near the tag antenna). The metal plane effects can be categorized as matching degradation and antenna gain variation. First, matching degradation due to the antenna's induced mutual impedance is experimentally investigated. In addition, the gain variation is investigated to figure out the change in the radiation characteristics. With the derived antenna parameters, the read range is calculated with the Friis transmission equation and measured to analyze the effects of a metal plane on RFID system performance. The calculated and measured read range varies from 9.3 m to 19.1 m as the distance between the RFID antenna and the metal plane changes.