• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.373-380
• /
• 2004

Objectives : There has been gradually increasing concern about the adverse health effects of electromagnetic radiation originating from cell phones which are widely used in modern life. Cell phone radiation may affect human health by increasing free radicals of human blood cells. This study has been designed to identify DNA damage of blood cells by electromagnetic radiation caused by cell phone use. Methods : This study investigated the health effect of acute exposure to commercially available cell phones on certain parameters such as an indicator of DNA damage for 14 healthy adult volunteers. Each volunteer during the experiment talked over the cell phone with the keypad facing the right side of the face for 4 hours. The single cell gel electrophoresis assay (Comet assay), which is very sensitive in detecting the presence of DNA strand-breaks and alkali-labile damage in individual cells, was used to assess peripheral blood cells (T-cells, B-cells, granulocytes) from volunteers before and after exposure to cell phone radiation. The parameters of Comet assay measured were Olive Tail Moment and Tail DNA %. Results : The Olive Tail Moment of B-cells and granulocytes and Tail DNA % of B-cells and granulocytes were increased by a statistically significant extent after 4-hour use of a cell phone compared with controls. Conclusion : It is concluded that cell phone radiation caused the DNA damage during the 4 hours of experimental condition. Nonetheless, this study suggested that cell phone use may increase DNA damage by electromagnetic radiation and other contributing factors.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.79-82
• /
• 2012

요오드는 원자력 시설에서 사고가 발생할 경우 방사선 피폭을 검토할 때 고려해야 할 중요한 핵종 중 하나이다. 그러므로 체르노빌 사고 시 대기 중에는 유기물 형태의 요오드가 비유기물 형태의 요오드보다 많이 관찰되었다. 본 연구에서는 시료의 양 및 측정시간에 변화를 주었으며, 또한 $^{131}I$ 액체선원을 사용하여 증류수에 희석한 시료 및 다시마를 함께 섞은 시료를 이용하여 검출하한치를 측정 분석하였다. 방사능농도 하한치에 들어 인체에는 무해함을 확인 할 수 있었다. $^{131}I$선원의 시간이 흐를수록 카운트가 줄어듦을 알 수 있었다. 반감기를 계산해본 결과 7~9사이의 결과를 얻었고, $^{131}I$를 혼합한 시료의 경우 최고 7일이 지난 후에는 초기 조건에서 반으로 감소한다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제51권3호
• /
• pp.189-198
• /
• 2021

Objective: To estimate the projected cancer risk attributable to diagnostic cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) performed under different exposure settings for orthodontic purposes in children and adults. Methods: We collected a list of CBCT machines and their specifications from 38 orthodontists. Organ doses were estimated using median and maximum exposure settings of 105 kVp/156.8 mAs and 130 kVp/200 mAs, respectively. The projected cancer risk attributable to CBCT procedures performed 1-3 times within 2 years was calculated for children (aged 5 and 10 years) and adult (aged 20, 30, and 40 years) male and female patients. Results: For maximum exposure settings, the mean lifetime fractional ratio (LFR) was 14.28% for children and 0.91% for adults; this indicated that the risk to children was 16 times the risk to adults. For median exposure settings, the mean LFR was 5.25% and 0.58% for children and adults, respectively. The risk of cancer decreased with increasing age. For both median and maximum exposure settings, females showed a higher risk of cancer than did males in all age groups. Cancer risk increased with an increase in the frequency of CBCT procedures within a given period. Conclusions: The projected dental CBCT-associated cancer risk spans over a wide range depending on the machine parameters and image acquisition settings. Children and female patients are at a higher risk of developing cancer associated with diagnostic CBCT. Therefore, the use of diagnostic CBCT should be justified, and protective measures should be taken to minimize the harmful biological effects of radiation.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.177-182
• /
• 2008

디지털 시스템이 가지는 장점인 영상판 검출기의 반응 범위(dynamic range)가 상당히 넓다는 것은 필름/증감지 시스템보다 더 높은 수준의 노광 관용도를 갖기에 재촬영이 줄어들고 영상관리에 효율적이지만, 조사조건의 설정범위가 상당히 넓어 필름/증감지 시스템의 엄격한 조사조건보다 더 많은 조사선량이 환자에게 노출 될 수도 있다. 본 연구는 디지털 시스템 하에서 일반촬영 시 방사선사 개인 별 조사선량에 대한 인식과 행위실태를 파악하여 환자피폭선량을 감소시킬 수 있는 방안을 마련하고, 방사선 선량관리의 중요성을 새로이 인식하고자 하였다. 디지털 시스템 하에서 근무 중인 방사선사의 조사조건 설정과 환자피폭선량 인지 실태를 파악해 본 결과 환자의 체형이나 상태, 촬영부위에 따라 최적의 조사선량을 적용하기 보다는 영상의 농도와 업무의 편의성에 따라 조사조건이 설정되고 있었다. 디지털 시스템이 도입되며 검출기의 반응 범위가 필름/스크린 시스템보다 넓어짐에 따라 조사조건 설정에 대해 관심이 소홀한 경향이 있었다. 따라서 디지털 방사선 시스템 하에서 환자 피폭선량의 감소를 위해 최적의 조사조건으로 영상을 얻어야 할 것이다. 또한 조사선량을 최소로 하고 환자 피폭선량을 줄이기 위해 업무 습관과 인식을 새로이 할 필요성이 있고, 지속적인 관심과 주기적인 교육 및 점검, 다양한 교육 기회제공 등이 필요하다고 본다.

• 한국의학물리학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국의학물리학회 2002년도 Proceedings
• /
• pp.97-99
• /
• 2002

A radiation incident took place during treatment on MEDNIF Tele cobalt-60 therapy machine in B.P.KOIRALA MEMORIAL CANCER HOSPITAL in Bharatpur, Nepal. This Chinese made machine has activity of 6240 Curies of cobalt -60. This machine has fulfilled safety requirements. ICRP recommendations, safety rules are followed and practiced. The source was struck up during treatment and a technician was exposed to equivalent dose of 13.75 mSv. recorded by Personal film badge. Risks of workers are comparable to other safe industries. All exposures shall be kept as low as reasonably possible. The higher level of safety is achieved only when every one is dedicated to common goal. A lesson is learnt for future. Good practice is essential but not sufficient. A high demand for tele Cobalt therapy convinced management to replace Mednif machine with a new efficient Elite Tele Cobalt theratron Machine.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.364-368
• /
• 2003

Cytogenetic and hematological analysis was performed in peripheral blood from the cattle associated with abnormal delivery around nuclear power plant area. The frequency of micronuclei (MN) in peripheral blood lymphocytes from cattle was used as a biomarker of radiobiological effects resulting from exposure to environmental radiation. An estimated dose of radiation was calculated by best fitting linear-quadratic model based on the radiation-induced MN data over the range from 0 Gy to 4 Gy from the bovine lymphocytes with in vitro irradiation. MN rates in live malformed calf, dams of malformed calves and other cattle living in the same barn from the regions around nuclear power plant, and cattle in control area were 9/1000, 10.8/1000, 13.3/1000 and 10.0/1000, respectively. There were no significant differences in MN frequencies and hematological values between the cattle associated with abnormal delivery around nuclear power plant area and those of control area. This study indicates that the congenital abnormalities near nuclear power plant seemed to be caused by other aetiology.

• Journal of Photoscience
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.162-165
• /
• 2002

Rice is widely cultivated in various regions throughout Asia. Over a five-year period, we investigated the effects of supplemental UVB radiation on the growth and yield of Japanese rice cultivars in the field. The findings of that study indicated that supplemental UVB radiation has inhibitory effects on the growth and grain development. Furthermore, we investigated the sensitivity to UVB radiation of rice cultivars of 5 Asian rice ecotypes, and found that rice cultivars vary widely in UVB sensitivity. The aim of our study is improving UVB resistance in plants by bioengineering or breeding programs. In order to make it, there is need to find the molecular origin of the sensitivity to UVB. Cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) is major UV-induced DNA lesions. Plants possess two mechanisms to cope with such DNA damage. The first is the accumulation of UV-absorbing compounds. Our previous data showed that the steady-state CPD levels in leaves of rice grown under chronic radiation in any culture were not so greatly influenced by the increased UV-absorbing compounds content, although there was a significant positive correlation between the CPD levels induced by challenge UVB exposure and the UV-absorbing compounds content. The other is the repair of DNA damage. Photorepair is the major pathway in plants for repairing CPD. We found that the sensitivity to UVB could seriously correlate with the low ability in CPD photorepair in rice plants. These results suggest that photo lyase might be an excellent candidate for restoration by way of selective breeding or engineering in rice.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제43권3호
• /
• pp.333-338
• /
• 2003

Cytogenetic and hematological analysis was performed in bovine peripheral blood from the regions around Wolsong nuclear power plant and control area. The frequency of micronuclei (MN) in peripheral blood lymphocytes from cattle was used as a biomarker of radiobiological effects resulting from exposure to environmental radiation. An estimated dare of radiation was calculated by a best fitting linear-quadratic model based on the radiation-induced MN formation from the bovine lymphocytes exposed in vitro to radiation over the range from 0 Gy to 4 Gy. MN rates in lymphocytes of cattle from Wolsong nuclear power plant and control area were 9.87/1,000 and 9.60/1,000, respectively. There were no significant differences in MN frequencies and hematological values in cattle between Wolsong and control area. The study indicates that the MN assay is a rapid, sensitive and accurate method that can be used to monitor a large population exposed to radiation.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.63-69
• /
• 2013

평판 검출기(flat-panel detector)는 필름-스크린 시스템과 비교하여 넓은 범위의 노출지수(dynamic range)를 갖게 된다. 평판 검출기를 대상으로 임상에서 일반적으로 사용하고 있는 Abdomen supine 노출 조건인 81kV에 20mAs를 기준으로 전신형 팬텀 whole body human phantom PBU-50 (Kyoto, kagaku, Japan)을 모의 환자로 화질평가와 피폭선량측면에서 비교 연구하였다. PSNR값이 30dB이상으로 판독 가능한 영상의 kV변화에 따른 DAP값은 약 19.6배 차이를 나타냈다. 또한 kV변화에 따른 유효선량을 ICRP 103을 기준으로 비교한 결과 방사선에 의한 확률적 영향이 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 방사선검사자의 지속적인 교육 및 지도를 통한 우리나라에 맞는 디지털 방사선 Technical chart를 마련하여 양질의 영상과 환자피폭선량에 대한 기준 선량을 마련해야 할 것이다.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.71-75
• /
• 2004

This paper proposes a new bandgap reference (BGR) circuit which takes advantage of a cascode current mirror biasing to reduce the V$\_$ref/ variation, and sizing technique, which utilizes two related ratio numbers k and N, to reduce the PNP BJT area. The proposed BGR is designed and fabricated on a test chip with a goal to provide a reference voltage to the 10 bit A/D(4-4-4 pipeline architecture) converter of the CMOS Active Pixel Sensor (APS) imager to be used in X-ray imaging. The basic temperature variation effect on V$\_$ref/ of the BGR has a maximum delta of 6 mV over the temperature range of 25$^{\circ}C$ to 70$^{\circ}C$. To verify that the proposed BGR has radiation hardness for the X-ray imaging application, total ionization dose (TID) effect under Co-60 exposure conditions has been evaluated. The measured V$\_$ref/ variation under the radiation condition has a maximum delta of 33 mV over the range of 0 krad to 100 krad. For the given voltage, temperature, and radiation, the BGR has been satisfied well within the requirement of the target 10 bit A/D converter.