• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.519-526
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• 1998

This study was performed in order to investigate the effect of renal function of NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NOARG), inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase, in dog and ra bbit. L-NOARG, when given intravenously in dogs, exhibited the decrease in urine flow (vol), renal plasma flow (RPF), osmolar clearance ($C_{osm}$) and amounts of sodium and potassium excreted in urine($E_{Na},\;E_K$). These renal functions of L-NOARG showed the same aspect in rabbit, too. L-NOARG, when administered into a renal artery, showed the same pattern as was obtained when given intravenously in both experimental and control kidney in dog. L-NOARG administered into the carotid artery showed the decrease in Vol, RPF, $E_{Na}$, in a low doses that did not show any effect when given intravenously. Above results suggest that L-NOARG produces antidiuretic action in dog and rabbit, and these antidiuretic actions may be mediated by central action.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.157-168
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• 1967

The entry of antipyrine and urea from the peritoneal cavity of rabbit into organ tissue and blood plasma was studied. Two hundred mg of antipyrine plus 300 mg of urea in 10 ml Ringer's solution was injected into the peritoneal cavity of anesthetized rabbit. The injection was made from above of a rabbit kept tying right side down and it enabled part of the abdominal organs (liver, intestine, kidney) was immersed in the injected solution and kept high concentration gradient throughout the experimental period. The remaining part of the organs was revered only by a thin film of the test solution. Subsequently, in this part of the organs the concentration gradient of the diffusible substances during entry was presumed to decrease as time elapsed. Four pieces of the liver tissue were taken namely, the right superficial, right deep, left superficial and left deep portions. Two were taken from the small intestine, one from the portion which was immersed in. the fluid and the other from that above the fluid mass. Both kidneys were separately analyzed. As a remote organ the gastrocnemius muscle was taken from the right leg of the animal. The intervals which were the time periods elapsed after injections were 5,7,10,15 or 30 minutes. At each point 5 animals were sacrificed and the concentrations of the test substances in the tissue water were measured. The results obtained were as follows. 1. In the liver the right portion which was immersed in the fluid showed higher concentration if the test substances than the left portion and the superficial region exceeded the deep region. The concentrations diminished as the time elapsed after infusion, particulary in the case of antipyrine, suggesting circulatory removal of the substances. In urea such decreasing tendency of the concentration was not obvious, and suggested slower removal rate of it as compared with that of antipyrine. 2. In the small intestine there was no regional difference in the concentration of the test substances. Because of the intestinal motility different portions of the intestine were seemed to have bathed in the fluid of the same concentration. In general the concentrations in the intestinal wall exceeded those of the liver, suggesting a slower removal rate than in the latter. 3. In the kidney the accumulation of the endogenous urea was predominant, and the accumulating mechanism in the renal tissue went on during the period of the experiment. Therefore it revealed increasing tendencies as the time elapsed. The penetration of the test substances in this organ from the peritoneal cavity seemed to be slower than in other abdominal organs, namely liver or small intestine. Part of the test substances in the kidney were obviously brought by the blood stream. 4. Rapid exponential decay of the concentration of antipyrine and of the osmolality of the peritoneal fluid was attributed to the extensive removal through the whole dimension of the peritoneal surface, and the remote organ such as the gastrocnemius muscle attained a fairly close value to that of the abdominal organs in less than 30 minutes. The factors which related to the absorption rate were discussed. They were the concentration gradient, permeability and the regional perfusion rate.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.627-636
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• 1994

Several Pt(II) and Pt(IV) complexes of N,N'-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine(2-HEen) and N,N'-bis(2-chloroethyl) ethylenediamine(2-CEen) as carrier ligand were prepared. Water soluble Pt complexes were also synthesized by modification of leaving groups. The cytotoxicity of these compounds against leukemia L1210 and P388 cell in vitro were examined. The Pt complexes containing 2-CEen showed more effective cytotoxicity than those containing 2-HEen. Through the nephrotoxicity tests on the primary cultured proximal tubular cells of rabbit kidney and human kidney cells in vitro, Pt complexes with 2-CEen showed higher than those with 2-HEen which were consistent with cytotoxicity but showed very low nephrotoxicity compared with cisplatin. Also the values of BUN and creatinine in serum of Pt complexes were reduced remarkably compared with cisplatin, therefore it can be concluded that new Pt complexes seems to have much lower nephrotoxicity than cisplatin.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.53-57
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• 2007

We have studied biochemical characterization of lectin purified from kidney bean seedling through PBS extraction, $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ precipitation, and Sephadex G-100 affinity chromatography. The lectin was agglutinated by rabbit erythrocytes. This lectin analyzed by SDS-PAGE is a tetramer composed of two subunits with molecular weights of 46 and 44 kDa. The optimal temperature and thermal stability of the lectin was 30$^{\circ}C$ and 40-80$^{\circ}C$, respectively. The maximal pH of this lectin was pH 8.2.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.111-117
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• 2003

Cisplatin is often effective in cancer treatment, but its clinical use is limited because of its nephrotoxicity. We have synthesized new platinum(II) coordination complexes (PC-1 & PC-2) containing trans-${\iota}$ and cis-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (DACH) as carrier ligands and L-3 -phenyllactic acid (PLA) as a leaving group with the aim of reducing nephrotoxicity but maintaining its anticancer activity. In this study, new platinum(II) complex compounds were evaluated for selective cytotoxicity on cancer cell-lines and normal kidney cells. The new platinum complexes have demonstrated high efficacy in the cytotoxicity against human bladder carcinoma cell-lines (T-24/HT-1376). The cytotoxicity of these compounds against rabbit proximal renal tubular cells and human renal cortical tissues, was determined by MTT assay, the [3H]-thymidine uptake and glucose consumption test, and found to be quite less than those of cisplatin. Based on our results, these novel platinum compounds appear to be valuable lead compounds with high efficacy and low nephrotoxicity.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.65-71
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• 1990

Rabbits were experimentally infected with rabbit hemorrhagic disease virs and the viral pathogenicity, hemagglutinability, and the effect of physicochemical factors were studied. The experimental results were summariaed as follows: 1. Mean rectal temperature of 11 infected rabbits was $40.0{\pm}0.47^{\circ}C$ prior to the virus inoculation, and $39.9{\pm}0.75^{\circ}C$ after 12hrs., $40.2{\pm}0.65^{\circ}C$ after 24hrs., $40.1{\pm}0.77^{\circ}C$ after 36hurs, and $40.6{\pm}0.56^{\circ}C$ just before the death. 2. Mean death time of infected rabbits was $40.3{\pm}22.0$ honrs and its range was 24 to 93 hours. 3. O, B, AB and A type of human erythrocytes were shown their HA in the order, but rabbit and chicken erythrocytes were not hemagglutinated by the virus. 4. In the hemagglutination, less than 0.25 per cent of a final concentration of erythrocytes and 0.2 per cent of BSA in PBS resulted in the best hemagglutination. Phosphate concentration in a range of 0.01M to 0.10M in PBS was not influenced on the hemagglutination reaction, and its pH 7.0 resulted in a better HA. 5. The hemagglutinating titers, in log 2 scale, of organs and tissues of the virus infected rabbits were $9.3{\pm}3.8$ (liver), $9.1{\pm}3.9$ (blood), $6.2{\pm}2.6$ (spleen) and $5.0{\pm}2.5$ (kidney). 6. The physicochemical factors such as heating ($50^{\circ}C$, 10 min.), trypsin treatment (0.05 pre cent, 5 min.), acid treatment (pH 3.0, 20 min.) and ether extraction (3 times) were not affective to the stability of virus and viral HA activities.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.45-54
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• 1971

That different mechanisms are involved in the secretory processes by the liver and the kidney of various dyes has been indicated by Sporter (1959), Kim and Hong (1963). Andrews (1958). suggested that a striking difference in the dye-secretory mechanism existed even in the same organ from species to species. Hence, the attempt has been made to study in the rabbit the secretory processes by the live. and the kidney of either phenol red (PSP), bromsulfalein (BSP) or green in the presence of Na-acetate, Na-taurocholate, P-Aminohippurate (PAH) or Benemid. In 37 rabbits, weighing about 2kg., anesthetized with ether, a dye was administered in such 8 manner that the plasma concentration was kept at a relatively constant level throughout the whole experimental period. Hepatic bile sad urine samples were quantitatively collected through the canulae which were previously inserted into the common bile duct (with the cystic duct ligated) and the urinary bladder, respectively, while arterial samples were taken from a femoral artery. After 50 min from the onset of dye administration, these samples were obtained every 10 mit for a period of 40 min. This was followed by the administration of either Na-acetate, Na-tauro-cholate, PAH or Benemid with a repetition of the same sample collecting procedures just stated. The results may be summarized as follows: 1) Na·acetate augmented urinary clearance of PSP by nearly 300 per cent, but lowered urinary BSP clearance by about 50 per cent. It enhanced biliary BSP clearance by 40% and had no effect on biliary psp clearance. 2) Na-taurocholate lowered biliary and urinary clearance of PSP by 10 per cent and 30 per cent respectively, and had no effect on both biliary and urinary clearance of BSP. 3) PAH lowered both biliary and urinary excretion of BSP and PSP, while it lowered the biliary excretion of indocyanine green which was excreted only in the bile. 4) Benemid suppressed BSP excretion by the liver and the kidney. 5) raper chromatographic analysis of PSP and of BSP in the bile and urine samples gave the following results: a) PSP Ivas excreted in the urine and bile only in free forms, and no modification in the excretory pattern was brought about by Na-taurocholate. b) BSP was excreted in the urine in 4 different conjugated froms and in the bile in both 3 different conjugated forms and in a free form. Na-taurocholate modified the excretory pattern of the urinary BSP.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.49-59
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• 1985

The effects of anions on net accumulation of $(\rho-aminohippuric\;acid)$(PAH) were studied in rabbit kidney cortical slices. Experiments were carried while varying the major anionic composition of the incubation medium(replacement of $Cl^-$ by isethionate and $SCN^-$). The total replacement of $Cl^-$ with isethionate, $SO_4\;^{2-}$ and $SCN^-$ in the incubation medium decreased the 60-min slice-to-medium concentration(S/M) ratio of PAH to 60%, 40% and 50% of control value, respectively. The degree of inhibition in PAH accumulation by the replacement of isethionate and $SCN^-$ was increased with increasing of both preincubation and incubation time. The influence of isethionate and $SCN^-$ on PAH uptake was fully reversible. Both isethionate and $SCN^-$ increased the apparent Km value significantly with no change on the apparent Vmax value, suggesting a competitive inhibition on PAH uptake. And the inhibitory effect of $SCN^-$ on PAH uptake decreased with increase of pH in the incubation medium while that of isethionate increased with increase of pH. Intracellular water content, intracellular electrolyte concentration and oxygen consumption were not influenced by the replacement of $Cl^-$ with isethionate or $SCN^-$ in the incubation medium. These results suggest that both $isethionate^-$ and $SCN^-$ inhibit the PAH uptake by binding to some site necessary for normal PAH transport without affecting the cellular viability.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 1997

Cisplatin, a platinum-complex, is currently one of the most effective compounds used in the treat-ment of solid tumors. However, its use is limited by severe side effects such as renal toxicity. Our platinum-based drug discovery program is aimed at developing drugs capable of diminishing toxicity and improving selective cytotoxicity. We synthesized new Pt (II) complex analogue containing 1,2-diaminocyclohexane (DACH) as carrier ligand and 1,2-bis (diphenylphosphino) ethane (DPPE) as a leaving group. Furthermore, nitrate was added to improve the solubility. A new series of [Pt(cia-DACH)(DPPE)] . $2NO_3$ (PC) was synthes-ized and characterized by their elemental analysis and by various spectroscopic techniques [infrared (IR), $_{13}$carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)] .PC demonstrated acceptable and significant antitumor activity against SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3 human ovarian carcinoma cell lines as compared with that of cisplatin. The cytotoxicity of PC in normal cells was found quite less than that of cisplatin using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), ($^3$H)thymidine uptake and glucose consumption tests in rabbit renal proximal tubular cells, human renal cortical cells and tissues. In conclusion, PC is considered to be more selective cytotoxicity toward human ovarian cancer cells than normal human/rabbit kidney cells.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 1990

Poly (A) + RNA was isolated from mouse submaxillary gland and renin mRNA was isolated by poly (U)-sepharose chromatography and sucrose linear densiW gradient centifugation. And renin mRNA was identified by in vitro translation and immunoprecipitation. In order to construct recombinant plasmid, renin cDNA was synthesized by using reverse transcriptase and inserted into EcoRi site of PUC19. In addition, the cDNA was also synthesized using polymerase chain reaction and inserted into HindlIl site of PUC19. The recombinant plasmid was transformed into JMlO3 and the expression of the inserted renin cDNA was examined. The transformant produced renin protein having a molecular weight of 45, 000 dolton, which showed hypertensive effect upon injecting it into rabbit ear vein. A renin genomic library was prepared by inserting rabbit kidney DNA into EMBL3 phage, and was screeined for the isolation of renin gemomic DNA using renin cDNA probe.