• Anatomy and Cell Biology
• /
• 제56권1호
• /
• pp.122-136
• /
• 2023

Depression is a prevalent global problem since ages, predominately treated with SSRI. Cipralex, is an antidepressant of the SSRIs class used as a remedy for mood, depression and anxiety. Silymarin (SIL), a natural free radical scavenging, has an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This hypothesis evaluates, for the first time, the role of cipralex on the structure of the endocrine and exocrine components of the pancreas and assess the beneficial effects of SIL on these changes. Forty-five rats were divided into control, cipralex, and cipralex plus SIL groups. During sacrifice, all rats and pancreases were weighed and the ratio of pancreatic weight (PW) to rat weight (RW) was calculated, blood samples were collected to estimate fasting glucose, insulin and amylase levels, the specimens were prepared for histological, immunohistochemical (inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS], tumour necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α], caspase 3, proliferating cell nuclear antigen [PCNA], and anti-insulin antibody), and morphometrical studies. Cipralex group exhibited marked destruction of the pancreatic architecture of the exocrine and endocrine parts, with a dense collagen fiber deposition. Also, there is highly significant decrease (P<0.001) of PW/RT ratio, insulin, and amylase levels, the number and diameter of islets of Langerhans, the number of PCNA positive immunoreactive cells, and the number of insulin positive β-cells. Furthermore, a highly significant increase of glucose level, iNOS, TNF-α, and caspase-3 positive immunoreactive cells in the islets of Langerhans and acinar cells were observed. SIL improves the pancreatic histological architecture, weight loss, biochemical, and immunohistochemical analyses. Administering SIL is advantageous in managing cipralex induced pancreatic injury via its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic qualities.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제44권4호
• /
• pp.899-911
• /
• 2024

This research investigated the synergic outcome of high intensity ultrasound (HIU) treatment and wet-dry combined aging (WDCA) on physiochemical characteristics and lipid oxidation during refrigerated storage to ameliorate pork meat's quality and shelf life. The CIE b^* values, cooking loss (CL %), and pH of the HIU treated samples were higher than those of the control over the aging period. They were significantly (p<0.05) modified by the aging period and ultrasound (US) treatment. However, the released water (RW %) and moisture were not significantly influenced by US treatment (p>0.05). The Warner-Bratzler shear force of HIU-treated samples was lower over control values except in 7-14 d, and it showed a significant difference between control and US treatment according to the significance of HIU (p<0.05). The thiobarbituric acid reactive substance of HIU-treated samples was significantly higher (p<0.05) than control values over the aging period. These results suggested that HIU treatment and WDCA showed a synergistic effect of maximizing the tenderness, but lipid oxidation was higher than before ultrasonic treatment. In agreement with this, the most favorable approach would involve implementing wet aging for a period of two weeks followed by dry aging for a period not exceeding one week after the application of HIU.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.181-187
• /
• 2014

본 연구는 방사선 치료 영역의 선량 측정을 위하여 상용화된 열형광선량계의 가열 온도에 따른 형광 곡선의 특성을 분석하였다. 본 연구에 사용된 열형광선량계는 LiF:Mg${\cdot}$Ti, LiF:Mg${\cdot}$Cu${\cdot}$P, $CaF_2$:Dy, $CaF_2$:Mn(Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., USA)이었다. 선원과 고체 팬텀 표면(RW3 slab, IBA Dosimetry, Germany)간 거리를 100cm로 하여 기준점 깊이에서 6MV, 15MV X선과 6MeV, 12MeV 전자선을 각각 100MU 조사하였다. 방사선 조사 후 열형광 판독기(Hashaw 3500, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., USA)를 사용하여 $50^{\circ}C$에서 $260^{\circ}C$까지 $15^{\circ}C/sec$의 가온율로 가열하여 형광 곡선을 분석하였다. 트랩 준위에 포획된 전자가 정공과 결합하면서 빛을 방출하는 형광 피크(glow peak)는 2개 또는 3개의 피크가 나타났으며 방사선 조사 후 TLD의 온도를 일정하게 증가시켰을 때 최대 형광 피크를 나타내는 형광 온도의 경우 각각의 에너지에 따라 $LiF:Mg{\cdot}Ti$ 선량계는 $185.5{\pm}1.3^{\circ}C$, $LiF:Mg{\cdot}Ti$ 선량계는 $135.0{\pm}5.1^{\circ}C$, $CaF_2$:Dy 선량계는 $144.0{\pm}1.6^{\circ}C$, $CaF_2$:Mn 선량계는 $294.3{\pm}3.8^{\circ}C$ 근처에서 최대 형광 피크를 각각 나타났다. 방사선 조사 후 포획 전자의 형광 방출 확률은 가열 온도에 의존하게 되므로 방사선 치료 영역의 선량 측정에서 방사선 조사 후 열형광선량계에 일정한 가온율을 적용함으로써 고유한 물리적 특성에 따른 측정 정확도를 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.17-23
• /
• 2007

이상적인 보강토옹벽을 구축하기 위해서는 시공중 벽체는 지반의 변형을 수용하고, 보강재의 인장력 발달을 도모하기 위해 안정성이 허용하는 한 연성이어야 하나 구축 후 공용중에는 안전성과 내구성 및 미관 등을 위해 충분한 강성을 가져야 한다. 따라서, 시공중과 구축 후 공용중 벽체의 조건이 상반되므로 국내에서 주로 시공되고 있는 현행 시공방법으로는 이 두 가지 조건을 충족시키기는 미흡한 점이 많다. 이를 충족시키기 위해서는 단계시공에 의해 일체형 강성벽체를 갖는 보강토옹벽 시스템이 필요하다. 사례 분석과 문헌조사 결과에 의하면, 단계시공에 의해 보강토옹벽을 구축하는 방법을 통해 기초지반 및 뒤채움재에서 발생하는 큰 변형을 벽체의 안정성과 관계없이 수용할 수 있고, 또한 보강토체의 변형유도로 보강재의 인장력 발달을 도모하여 보강효과의 극대화가 가능한 것으로 나타났다. 또, 일체형 강성벽체를 갖게 될 경우 주동영역에서의 구속압이 커져 국부전단파괴의 가능성이 적고, 보강재의 인발파괴의 가능성이 거의 없는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 단계시공에 의한 방법으로 일체형 강성벽체를 갖는 보강토옹벽은 보강토 이론에 충실하고, 안정성과 내구성이 탁월하므로, 향후 국내에서 철도 및 교대 분야 등에도 활용될 수 있다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.75-82
• /
• 2011

도로표지용 도료의 품질기준은 KS M 6080의 품질기준을 만족하는 제품들의 경우에도 시공 후 일정기간이 경과한 후에는 도료 자체의 부착력 문제로 교통량 증가에 따른 자동차 차륜에 의한 도료 자체의 마모 손실에 의하여 재귀반사 기능을 부여하는 유리알의 마모 및 탈리로 시인성이 급격히 저하되고 있다. 이에 따른 야간 교통 사고율 증가와 동시에 추가 교통 안전을 위한 부가 보완시공으로 안전시설 제비용이 직접비용으로 유발되고 있으며, 직접비용보다 추가공사로 인한 교통체증으로 사회간접 비용이 증가되고 있다. 특히, 차선의 품질 규격이 KS M 6080 제품에 만족한다 하더라도 빗물의 수막(水膜)에 의한 유리알의 굴절율 차로 재귀반사기능을 하는 차선 도료용 유리알의 기능을 발휘하지 못하여 운전자의 시인성은 열악함을 알 수 있다. 따라서, 국외에서 많이 사용되고 있는 마모성이 우수한 수용성 차선도료, 고성능 융착식 도료, 상온경화형 도료를 도입하여 성능을 비교 검토하였다. 본 연구에서는 차선재료의 내구성 향상을 위해 EN 1436규격에 의한 내마모성 시험을 수용성, 융착식, 상온경화형 도료에 실시하여, 재귀반사도 성능이 우수한 차선재료의 적용 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 유기물자원화
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.39-45
• /
• 1997

카드뮴(Cd)에 대한 지렁이의 독성한계를 결정하고, 생물적 농축능력을 평가함으로써, 잠재적 독성 원소가 높은 유기성 폐기물의 안전한 처리를 위한 vermicomposting의 이용가능성을 검토하였다. 우분에 첨가한 카드뮴 함량은 0 (대조구), 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600 mg/kg의 7수준 이였다. 우분내 카드뮴 함량의 차이에 따른 지렁이의 생존율, 사육종료시의 개체당 평균생체중, 증체율, 난포수, 산자수 및 잔식량에서는 유의한 차이가 인정되지 않아서, 우분내 카드뮴 함량이 1600mg/kg까지는 지렁이의 생육에 별다른 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 판단되었다. 생육형질간의 상호관계를 살펴본 결과, 생존율과 난포수간에는 0.1% 수준의 유의성이 인정되었고, 실험종료시 평균생체중과 잔식량간에는 5% 수준의 유의한 부(-)의 상관이 인정되었다. 지렁이 체내의 카드뮴 축적량은 카드뮴 함량 956.8~1116.6 mg/kg범위에서 최대 축적량인 283.8~396.2 mg/kg을 나타낸 후 점차 감소하였다.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제41권2호
• /
• pp.125-133
• /
• 2014

The variation of glucosinolates (GSLs) in Chinese cabbage ('Sinhongssam') (Brassica rapa L. spp. pekinensis) cultivated under lights to control plant growth conditions was evaluated at different development stages. Under experimental conditions in plant factory system, plant growth conditions including light, temperature, and nutrients were designed to enhance GSLs. The variation of glucosinolates (GSLs) in Chinese cabbage ('Sinhongssam') (Brassica rapa L. spp. pekinensis) cultivated under lights to control plant growth conditions was evaluated at different development stages. Under experimental conditions in plant factory system, plant growth conditions including light, temperature, and nutrients were designed to enhance GSLs. The contents of GSLs were quantified in Chinese cabbage according to different light sources (Red+White, RW; Red+Blue+White, RBW, Fluorescence lamp, FL) at development stages (28, 42, and 56 days after sowing, DAS) using HPLC. Nine GSLs including five aliphatic (progoitrin, sinigrin, glucoalyssin, gluconapin, and glucobrassicanapin) three indolyl (glucobrassicin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, and neoglucobrassicin), and one aromatic (gluconasturtiin) GSLs were identified based on peak retention time in previous results of our laboratory. GSL contents were higher in RBW (36.55) and lower in FL ($15.24{\mu}mol/g/\;DW$). Results revealed that GSL contents were higher under controlled photoperiods (20/4 h) ($58.35{\mu}mol/g\;DW$) and controlled light intensity ($160{\mu}mol/m^2/s$) ($34.02{\mu}mol/g\;DW$), respectively. Lower amount of progoitrin and comparatively higher amount of glucobrassicin and gluconasturtiin was noted in Chinese cabbage cultivated under FL light (2.38, 9.82, and 2.10) at 42 DAS, photoperiod 20/4 h (3.16, 2.52, and 1.30) at 28 DAS, and light intensity at $130{\mu}mol/m^2/s$ (2.28, 2.24, and $1.51{\mu}mol/g\;DW$) at 42 DAS. Therefore FL light, photoperiod (20/4 h), and light intensity ($130{\mu}mol/m^2/s$) were considered as most suitable for the enhancement of GSLs in Chinese cabbage.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.10-20
• /
• 2007

For spacecraft attitude control, reaction wheel (RW) steering laws with more than three wheels for three-axis attitude control can be derived by using a control allocation (CA) approach.1-2 The CA technique deals with a problem of distributing a given control demand to available sets of actuators.3-4 There are many references for CA with applications to aerospace systems. For spacecraft, the control torque command for three body-fixed reference frames can be constructed by a combination of multiple wheels, usually four-wheel pyramid sets. Multi-wheel configurations can be exploited to satisfy a body-axis control torque requirement while satisfying objectives such as minimum control energy.1-2 In general, the reaction wheel steering laws determine required torque command for each wheel in the form of matrix pseudo-inverse. In general, the attitude control command is generated in the form of a feedback control. The spacecraft body angular rate measured by gyros is used to estimate angular displacement also.⁵ Combination of the body angular rate and attitude parameters such as quaternion and MRPs(Modified Rodrigues Parameters) is typically used in synthesizing the control command which should be produced by RWs.¹ The attitude sensor signals are usually corrupted by noise; gyros tend to contain errors such as drift and random noise. The attitude determination system can estimate such errors, and provide best true signals for feedback control.⁶ Even if the attitude determination system, for instance, sophisticated algorithm such as the EKF(Extended Kalman Filter) algorithm⁶, can eliminate the errors efficiently, it is quite probable that the control command still contains noise sources. The noise and/or other high frequency components in the control command would cause the wheel speed to change in an undesirable manner. The closed-loop system, governed by the feedback control law, is also directly affected by the noise due to imperfect sensor characteristics. The noise components in the sensor signal should be mitigated so that the control command is isolated from the noise effect. This can be done by adding a filter to the sensor output or preventing rapid change in the control command. Dynamic control allocation(DCA), recently studied by Härkegård, is to distribute the control command in the sense of dynamics⁴: the allocation is made over a certain time interval, not a fixed time instant. The dynamic behavior of the control command is taken into account in the course of distributing the control command. Not only the control command requirement, but also variation of the control command over a sampling interval is included in the performance criterion to be optimized. The result is a control command in the form of a finite difference equation over the given time interval.⁴ It results in a filter dynamics by taking the previous control command into account for the synthesis of current control command. Stability of the proposed dynamic control allocation (CA) approach was proved to ensure the control command is bounded at the steady-state. In this study, we extended the results presented in Ref. 4 by adding a two-step dynamic CA term in deriving the control allocation law. Also, the strict equality constraint, between the virtual and actual control inputs, is relaxed in order to construct control command with a smooth profile. The proposed DCA technique is applied to a spacecraft attitude control problem. The sensor noise and/or irregular signals, which are existent in most of spacecraft attitude sensors, can be handled effectively by the proposed approach.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.388-397
• /
• 2011

Selenium (Se) is known to prevent from several cancers, while iron (Fe) is known to be associated with high risk of cancers. The role of Se on colon carcinogenesis was investigated in an animal model induced by azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in low Fe mice. Six-week old ICR mice fed on a low Fe diet (4.5 ppm Fe; generally 10 times lower than normal Fe) with three different Se (0.02, 0.1 or 0.5 ppm) levels for 24 weeks. The animals received weekly three ($0{\sim}2^{nd}$ weeks) i.p. injections of AOM (10 mg/kg RW), followed by 2% DSS with drinking water for 1 week to induce the colon cancer. There were five experimental groups including vehicle, positive control (normal Fe level, AOM/DSS), Low Fe (LFe) + AOM/DSS+Low Se (LSe), LFe + AOM/DSS + medium Se (MSe) and LFe + AOM/DSS + high Se (HSe) groups. HSe group showed a 66.7% colonic tumor incidence, MSe group showed a 69.2% tumor incidence, and LSe group showed a 80.0% tumor incidence. The tumor incidence was negatively associated with Se levels of diets. Tumor multiplicity in Hse group was significantly low compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). With increasing Se levels of diets, the primary anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive cells were decreased and apoptotic bodies were increased in a dose-dependent manner. Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity and its protein level were dependent on the levels of Se of diets. Malondialdehyde level in liver was lowest in Hse group among experimental groups. These findings indicate that dietary Se is chemopreventive for colon cancer by increasing antioxidant activity and decreasing cell proliferation in Fe-deficient mice.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.128-132
• /
• 1983

Pressure chamber(DIC-PC-40형) technique에 의한 대두재배품종 Williams와 금강대립의 경엽에 대한 수분특성의 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 최대포수시의 삼투압$(\Pi_p)$은 Williams 9.0bar, 금강대립은 10.4bar였다. 3. 초기원형질분리점에서의 상대함수율$(PWC^*)4은 금강대립이 86.0%, Williams가 92.6%였다. 4. 삼투수의 총량에 대한 원형질분리점에서의 침출량비$(V_p/V_o)$는 Williams가 94.0%, 금강대립이 83.4%였다. 5. 최대함수량에 대한 삼투수의 총량의 비$(V_p/w_5)$는 금강대립이 84.3%, Williams가 77.5%였다. 7. 탄성계수는 금강대립이 $1.6\times10^5bar$ 이었으며 Williams는 $8.5$\times$10^2$bar로 현저한 차이를 보였다.