• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.49-56
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• 2004

An Internet draft, named RR(Return Routability) protocol, proposed to IETF mobileip WG, in order to establish an optimal path to MN(Mobile Node) by securely sending the BU(Binding Update) message to CN(Correspondent Node). However, it has some problems with initiating the protocol by the MN: it causes to increases in communication load in the home network, to increases communication delay between MN and CN, and increases in communication load due to unnecessary message exchanges. To resolve the problems, this paper proposes an alternative scheme for the RR protocol in MIPv6. The proposed scheme is devised to start the protocol by HA on receiving the first packet from CN. It decreases the route optimization overhead by reducing the number of BU messages as well as the communication time. Beside these advantages, this scheme provides the same security grade as the original RR protocol.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.2039-2046
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• 2007

Recently, OMIPv6 series, based on public-key cryptography, have been proposed to improve RR protocol. This series no typically composed of the initial and subsequent phases. In the initial phase, the mobile node and its corresponding node build a strong long-term key, by which successive binding updates are optimized in the subsequent phase. In this paper, we compare and analyze the subsequent phases of OMIPv6 series in terms of performance, security and applicability, then presenting an improvement on the subsequent phase. Also, we show that the proposed improvement is reasonable considering performance, security and applicability overall.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institutes of Information Security and Cryptology Conference
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.267-271
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• 2003

IETF mobileip WG에서 MN(Mobile Node)의 위치를 나타내는‘바인딩정보’를 안전하게 CN(Correspond Node)에게 송신하여 최적경로를 설정하는 RR(Return Routability)프로토콜을 드래프트 문서로 제안하고 있다［1］. 하지만 이 프로토콜은 최적경로설정이 MN에 의해 시작됨에 따라 최적경로설정 지연에 따른 최적경로설정 확률의 저하와 불필요한 메시지 교환에 따른 통신부담을 문제점으로 지적할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 상기와 같은 문제점 해결방안으로 HA(Home Agent)가 CN으로부터 첫번째 패킷을 수신했을 때 최적경로설정을 시작하도록 개선된 RR프로토콜을 제안하였다. 이를 통해서 최적경로 설정에 소용되는 시간을 단축하고 교환되는 메시지 수를 감소시켜 통신부담 경감효과를 얻을 수 있다. 이럼에도 불구하고 기존의 RR프로토콜과 동일한 보안수준을 제공한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2009.01a
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• pp.275-278
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• 2009

MIPv6의 핸드오버 지연시간을 줄이는 많은 연구가 등장 하였고, 그 중 IEFT에서 표준화한 두 가지 프로토콜이 있다. 첫 번째 FMIPv6(Fast MIPv6) 프로토콜은 2계층 핸드오버 전에 3계층 핸드오버의 일부 과정은 사전에 수행함으로써 핸드오버 지연 시간을 줄이는 프로토콜이다. 두 번째 HMIPv6(Hierarchical MIPv6)는 일정한 범위를 커버할 수 있는 에이전트를 두어 이동성을 지역적으로 관리하여 핸드오버 지연시간을 줄이는 프로토콜이다. 본 논문에서는 FMIPv6에서 주로 사용하는 바인딩 갱신 프로토콜인 RR 프로토콜의 바인딩 갱신 절차를 줄임으로써 바인딩 갱신으로 생기는 시간을 단축시키는 방법을 제안한다.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.81-91
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• 2007

Binding update for the routing optimization in MIPv6 can make the involved nodes vulnerable to various attacks. Therefore, secure binding update becomes an important research issue in MIPv6, and several protocols have been proposed for this purpose. In this paper, we compare several existing binding update protocols such as RR, SUCV and OMIPv6 and analyze the vulnerability of nodes to the possible attacks and drawbacks of address management and scalability and overhead of encryption operations. Then, we suggest the design requirements for the secure binding update and propose an advanced protocol based on the design principle. Through the analysis, we show that our protocol can achieve a higher level of security against the various attacks and enable better management of address, provide the location privacy and reduce the computational overhead of mobile nodes with constraint computational power.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.429-437
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• 2004

The mobileip working group is equipped with the RR(Return Routabilit) taking the simple procedures and small amount of cryptographic operations by considering the processing capability of the mobile node however it dose not provide security features enough. To replace with enhanced methods, mobileip WG is making an effort to find the approved solutions include CGA(Craptographically Generated Address), IPsec(Internet Protocol Security) as well as the existing infrastructure such as AAA(Authentication, Authorization and Account) and PKI(Public Key Infrastructure). In this paper, we propose the authentication and route optimization based on AAA suitable for the requested security service for its successful story in wireless network such as 802.11 and 3GPP(3rd Generation Partnership Project) as well as wired one. We analyze the effectiveness of our scheme according to the traffic and mobility properties. The result shows the cost reduction up to 20 percent comparing with RR.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Industrial Systems Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.14-19
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• 2003

IPv6에서는 호스트의 주소 재지정 뿐만 아니라 라우터에 대해서도 주소 재지정 메커니즘을 제공한다. IPv6에서는 기존 망 환경 외에도 Mobile-IP나 Ad-hoc 네트워크 상에서 라우터의 주소를 손쉽게 관리할 수 있는 메커니즘이 절대적으로 필요하다. 이러한 방법으로는 RR(Router Renumbering)이나 APDP(Automatic Prefix Delegation Protocol), DHCPv6 등이 있다. 본 논문에서는 라우터 주소 재지정 기법 중에서 APDP 기법을 리눅스 커널 2.4.x 기반 환경에서 구현하였다. 구현된 프로그램은 기존의 radvd와 통합하여 구성하였으며, 리눅스를 이용한 PC-라우터로 테스트베드를 구성하여 동작을 검증하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2003.05b
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• pp.1249-1252
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• 2003

IETF 에서는 이동노드와 다른 엔티티들 사이에서 발생하는 시그널링을 줄이기 위하여 계층적 이동성 관리 프로토콜(HMIPv6)을 제시하고 있다. HMIPv6는 MAP이라는 새로운 엔티티를 도입하여 특정 지역 내에서 지역 흠 에이전트의 역할을 수행하도록 함으로써 이동노드와 다른 엔티티 간에 발생하는 시그널링을 줄이고, Mobile IPv6의 핸드오프 성능을 개선하도록 하고 있다. HMIPv6에서는 MAP과 이동노드 사이의 인증을 위해 IKE 와 같은 보안 프로토콜을 사용하도록 정의하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 많은 부하가 걸리는 IKE 대신에 RR(Return Routability) 절차를 이용하여 이동노드와 MAP 사이의 인중을 제공하는 방법을 제안한다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.14-23
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• 2002

Background: The opitmal ventilator setting during partial liquid ventilation(PLV) is controversial. This study investigated the effects of various gas exchange parameters during PLV in normal rabbit lungs in order to aid in the development of an optimal ventilator setting during PLV. Methods: Seven New-Zealand white rabbits were ventilated in pressure-controlled mode with the following settings; tidal volume($V_T$) 8 mL/kg, positive end-expiratory pressure(PEEP) 4 $cmH_2O$, inspiratory-to-expiratory ratio(I:E ratio) 1:2, fraction of inspired oxygen($F_TO_2$) 1.0. The respiration rate(RR) was adjusted to keep $PaCO_2$ between 35~45 mmHg. The ventilator settings were changed every 30 min in the following sequence : (1) Baseline, as the basal ventilator setting, (2) Inverse ratio, I:E ratio 2:1, (3) high PEEP, adjust PEEP to achieve the same mean inspiratory pressure (MIP) as in the inverse ratio, (4) High $V_T$, $V_T$ 15 mL/kg, (5) high RR, the same minute ventilation (MV) as in the High $V_T$. Subsequently, the same protocol was repeated after instilling 18 mL/kg of perfluorodecalin for PLV. The parameters of gas exchange, lung mechanics, and hemodynamics were examined. Results: (1) The gas ventilation(GV) group showed no significant changes in the $PaO_2$ at all phases. The $PaCO_2$ was lower and the pH was higher at the high $V_T$ and high RR phases(p<0.05). No significant changes in the lung mechanics and hemodynamics parameters were observed. (2) The baseline $PaO_2$ for the PLV was $312{\pm}$ mmHg. This was significantly lower when decreased compared to the baseline $PaO_2$ for GV which was $504{\pm}81$ mmHg(p=0.001). During PLV, the $PaO_2$, was significantly higher at the high PEEP($452{\pm}38$ mmHg) and high $V_T$ ($461{\pm}53$ mmHg) phases compared with the baseline phase. However, it did not change significantly during the inverse I:E ratio or the high RR phases. (3) The $PaCO_2$ was significantly lower at high $V_T$ and RR phases for both the GV and PLV. During the PLV, $PaCO_2$ were significantly higher compared to the GV (p<0.05). (4) There were no important or significant changes in of baseline and high RR phases lung mechanics and hemodynamics parameters during the PLV. Conclusion: During PLV in the normal lung, adequate $V_T$ and PEEP are important for optimal oxygenation.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.1194-1203
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• 2004

The RR protocole, proposed in IETF mip6 WG and standardized by RFC 3775 at lune 2004, send a message 'Binding Update' that express MN's location information to CN safety and update location information. Standard RR protocole has some problems with initiating the protocol by the MN; it causes to increases in communication load in the home network, to increases communication delay between MN and CN. Also, is connoting vulnerability to against attacker who are on the path between CN and HA in security aspect. This paper proposes doing to delegate MN's location information update rights by HA new location information update method. That is, When update MN's location information to HA, Using MN's private key signed location information certificate use and this certificate using method that HA uses MN's location information at update to CN be. It decreases the route optimization overhead by reducing the number of messages as well as the using location information update time. Also, remove security weakness about against attacker who are on the path between CN and HA.