• 에너지공학
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.82-97
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• 2005

RPS(Renewable Portfolio Standards)란 전력의 일정 양 또는 비율을 신$\cdot$재생에너지에 의하여 충당하도록 의무화하는 제도로써 정부지원에 의존한 신$\cdot$재생에너지 보급을 시장기능에 의하여 활성화하려는 새로운 정책도구이다. 본 논문은 이와 같은 RPS제도의 국내 도입에 대비하여 RPS의 기본 개념과 시장기구 하의 운용방식, 정책설계 시 고려사항 등을 살펴보았다. 이를 통하여 신$\cdot$재생에너지 전망 및 계획상의 문제점과 RPS도입에 따른 전력시장에서의 효과 등을 확인하고, 최종적으로는 향후 RPS도입을 위한 정책제언을 도출한다.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.59-69
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• 2017

In 2012, Korea introduced a Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) scheme, replacing the Feed-in Tariff (FIT) scheme as a market support policy of renewable energy in the electricity market. RPS is to allocate obligatory quota of renewable energy sources for electricity suppliers, whereas FIT is to guarantee high prices for electricity from renewable energy sources. This study examines the effect of this policy change on solar photovoltaic market. According to the study, solar PV market grew fast under FIT as well as under RPS. However, under RPS the size of subsidy for solar PV suppliers was shrunk substantially. In addition, market risk increased severly under RPS due to the volatility of price of renewable energy certificate (REC) as well as of the electricity market price. The small and medium suppliers of solar PV were suffered the most severly from these policy effects. Therefore, the policy reform of RPS is needed to alleviate the market risk of small and medium suppliers of solar PV.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.467-477
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• 2009

Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) is a regulatory policy that requires the generation companies to increase the proportion of renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, LFG, fuel cell, and small hydro. Recently, Korean government decided to increase the portion of renewable energy to 3% to total electricity generation by 2012 from the current level of 0.13%. To achieve this goal, an innovative plan for market competitiveness would be required in addition to the present Feed-In-Tariff (FIT). That is Korean government has taken it into consideration to introduce a Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) as an alternative to FIT. This paper reviews the impact of RPS on the long-term fuel mix in 2020. The studies have been carried out with the GATE-PRO (Generation And Transmission Expansion PROgram) program, a mixed-integer non-linear program developed by Hongik university and Korea Energy Economics Institute. Detailed studies on long-term fuel mix in Korea have been carried out with four RPS scenarios of 3%, 5%, 10% and 20%. The important findings and comments on the results are given to provide an insight on future regulatory policies.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.805-828
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• 2010

미국과 일부 EU 국가처럼 국내에서도 신재생에너지 보급 확산을 위해 시장기능을 강화하는 제도로서 신재생에너지 의무할당제(RPS)를 2012년 이후 도입할 예정이다. RPS의 도입을 통해 에너지 사업자에게 일정비율의 신재생에너지 공급을 의무화함으로써 신재생에너지 보급 확대에 기여한다는 것이다. 본 논문은 신재생에너지 의무할당제도의 도입에 따른 경제적 파급효과를 일반연산균형모형(CGE)을 이용한 정량적 분석을 통해 살펴보았다. 불완전 경쟁시장 가정 하에 내생적 성장모형(endogenous growth theory)에 기초한 CGE 모형을 이용하여 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. RPS 제도는 물량을 규제하기 때문에 목표량을 오차 없이 달성할 수 있다는 장점을 지니고 있다. 신재생에너지의 목표량이 정확히 달성됨에 따라 보다 큰 기술 확산 효과를 기대할 수 있다. 그러나 의무적으로 신재생에너지를 공급함에 따라 투자비용이 상승하여 중단기적으로 GDP가 감소할 가능성이 존재한다. 결국 장기적인 관점에서 신재생에너지의 보급을 확대하고 경제성장을 견인하는 신성장 동력으로 활용하고자 한다면 RPS 제도를 도입하는 것이 바람직하다.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.67-99
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• 2019

This paper, focusing on the renewable portfolio standard (RPS), evaluates alternative renewable energy policies. We propose a tractable equilibrium model which provides a structural representation of Korea's electricity market, including its energy settlement system and renewable energy certificate (REC) transactions. Arbitrage conditions are used to define the core value of REC prices to identify relevant competitive equilibrium conditions. The model considers R&D investments and learning effects that may affect the development of renewable energy technologies. The model is parameterized to represent the baseline scenario under the currently scheduled RPS reinforcement for a 20% share of renewable generation, and then simulated for alternative scenarios. The result shows that the reinforcement of the RPS leads to higher welfare compared to weakening it as well as repealing it, though there remains room to enhance welfare. It turns out that subsidies are welfare-inferior to the RPS due to financial burdens and that reducing nuclear power generation from the baseline yields lower welfare by worsening environmental externalities.

• 신재생에너지
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.14-23
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• 2005

Korean government set the goal of 5.6% to use renewable energy in electricity generation by 2011 compared with the current use of 0.13%. To achieve this goal, an innovative plan for market competitiveness would be required in addition to the feed-in-tariff [FIT] which is carried out at present in Korea. As a countermeasure, Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy [MOCIE] has taken it into consideration to introduce a Renewable Portfolio Standard [RPS] that is a purchase obligation program as an alternative plan to the FIT. Furthermore, the active renewable energy market may result from and also reversely result in the aid of North Korea with renewable energy. In this paper, we review The RPS in several country cases. Plans, systems, markets and institutionalization for solving efficiency in the area of renewable energy are discussed.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.708-717
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• 2009

Recently, Korea government decided to introduce RPS (Renewable Portfolio Standard) mechanism which requires electricity providers to gradually increase the amount of renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, bioenergy, and geothermal. As a consequence, it is expected that the long-term fuel mix would be changed to result in more expensive production and the increased production costs would be distributed to the rate payers via electricity tariffs. This paper presents the change in long-term fuel mix in year 2020 with the four RPS scenarios of 3%, 5%, 10% and 20%, and the methodologies for collecting the increased production costs through new tariff schedule. The studies on long-term fuel mix have been carried out with the GATE-PRO (Generation And Transmission Expansion Program) optimization package, a mixed-integer program developed by the Korea Energy Economics Institute and Hongik university. Three methodologies for distributing the production costs to the rate payers have also been demonstrated.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.159-198
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• 2010

본 논문은 효율적인 RPS 제도의 도입을 위해 현재 운영 중인 FIT 제도와 RPS 제도를 비교 분석하였다. 분석은 선형계획법을 이용하여 최소의 비용으로 신재생에너지 목표를 달성하는 발전원별 포트폴리오를 찾고, 이때의 최적 비용을 도출하여 비교한다. 비용은 신재생에너지 전력생산을 위한 건설 및 운영비용과 정부보조(FIT 제도) 또는 의무할당 전력회사의 부담(RPS 제도)으로 구성된다. FIT 모형은 전력의 시장가격 (SMP) 변화에 따라 최적해가 어떻게 달라지는지 민감도 분석을 하고, RPS 모형은 REC의 시장가격과 전력회사들의 인증서 구입비중에 따라 민감도 분석을 한다. 분석결과 RPS 제도는 FIT에 비해 비용이 많이 소요되고 특정 발전원에 집중되어 개발될 것으로 나타났다. 또한 전력생산자들은 의무이행을 위한 외부조달보다는 자체조달을 선호할 것으로 보인다. 이에 따라 태양광, 풍력과 같이 타 발전원에 비해 경쟁력이 부족한 에너지원의 개발수요를 창출하기 위해서는 기술개발과 함께 발전차액지원 등의 정부 지원정책이 병행되어야 할 것이다. 효과적인 RPS 제도의 도입을 위한 외부 조달 비율 가이드라인 제시는 국내 신재생에너지 기술개발 및 산업육성을 위해 필수적인 고려사항이 될 것이다. 국내 RPS 제도의 성공적인 도입을 위해서는 각 발전원별 특성과 경쟁력을 고려한 제도의 보완과 현행 FIT 제도와의 협력이 필요한 것으로 분석되었다.

• KIEE International Transactions on Power Engineering
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• 제5A권1호
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• pp.70-78
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• 2005

This paper analyzes the environmental impact and economic effect of introducing the Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) into the Korean electricity market using the DECADES (Database and Methodologies for Comparative Assessment of Different Energy Sources for Electricity Generation) model, a comparative assessment tool developed by IAEA. A bottom up approach is adopted for the evaluation of air pollutant emission and its impact of several RPS scenarios. The environmental damage costs of RPS scenarios are evaluated based on the Extern-E results and the Thailand externality study carried out by EGAT. The results of this study can be applied in determining or analyzing the national electricity policy and energy policy.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제65권7호
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• pp.1135-1143
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• 2016

A private company's 1,000 MW coal-fired power plant will be the first coal-fired power plant that was included in the 5th 'Basic Plan on Electricity Demand and Supply' (2010). Now it is facing the task to abide by the RPS(Renewable Portfolio Standard) policy after commercial operation. If they fail to supply the necessary REC (Renewable Energy Certificate) mandated by the RPS policy, they are subject to be fined by the government and forced to modify the cost function to reflect the burden. Eventually the company's coal-fired power plant will be forced to reduce generation to maximize profit because the amount of electricity generated by the power plant and the REC obligation is positively correlated. This paper analyzed the change of cost function of private coal-fired power plant according to the introduction of RPS policy from the viewpoint of private company, and finally proposed the optimal generation to maximize the profit of private coal-fired power plant under the current RPS policy.