• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.248-253
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• 2022

Erwinia amylovora is a devastating bacterial plant pathogen that infects Rosaceae including apple and pear and causes fire blight. Bacteriophages have been considered as a biological control agent for preventing bacterial infections of plants. In this study, nine bacteriophages (ΦFifi011, ΦFifi044, ΦFifi051, ΦFifi067, ΦFifi106, ΦFifi287, ΦFifi318, ΦFifi450, and ΦFifi451) were isolated from soil and water samples in seven orchards with fire blight in Korea. The genetic diversity of bacteriophage isolates was confirmed through restriction fragment length polymorphism pattern analysis. Host range of the nine phages was tested against 45 E. amylovora strains and 14 E. pyrifoliae strains and nine other bacterial strains. Among the nine phages, ΦFifi044 and ΦFifi451 infected and lysed E. amylovora only. And the remaining seven phages infected both E. amylovora and E. pyrifoliae. The results suggest that the isolated phages were different from each other and effective to control E. amylovora, providing a basis to develop biological agents and utilizing phage cocktails.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.181-200
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• 2023

Owing to the rapid development of sequencing technologies, more than 1,000 plant genomes have been sequenced and released. Among them, 69 Korean plant taxa (85 genome sequences) contain at least one whole-genome sequence despite the fact that some samples were not collected in Korea. The sequencing-by-synthesis method (next-generation sequencing) and the PacBio (third-generation sequencing) method were the most commonly used in studies appearing in 65 publications. Several scaffolding methods, such as the Hi-C and 10x types, have also been used for pseudo-chromosomal assembly. The most abundant families among the 69 taxa are Rosaceae (10 taxa), Brassicaceae (7 taxa), Fabaceae (7 taxa), and Poaceae (7 taxa). Due to the rapid release of plant genomes, it is necessary to assemble the current understanding of Korean plant species not only to understand their whole genomes as our own plant resources but also to establish new tools for utilizing plant resources efficiently with various analysis pipelines, including AI-based engines.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.79-101
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• 2023

Following recent taxonomic, distributional, and nomenclatural revisions, an updated checklist of endemic plants on the Korean Peninsula is needed. This study provides an updated checklist of vascular plants endemic to the Korean Peninsula and describes their distribution within administrative provinces. The revised checklist includes 373 endemic taxa (304 species, six subspecies, 49 varieties, and 14 nothospecies) from 179 genera and 64 families, representing 9.5% of the total native flora of the Korean Peninsula. Asteraceae (41 taxa), Ranunculaceae (29 taxa), Liliaceae s.l. (24 taxa), and Rosaceae (22 taxa) were the most widely represented families. Compared with the most recent checklist published in 2017, 39 taxa were excluded from the checklist; one taxon was excluded because it did not have a valid published name, seven taxa were excluded because their natural habitats extended to neighboring countries, four taxa were excluded because they were treated as a rank form, and 27 taxa were excluded because they had been identified as heterotypic synonyms of taxa distributed outside of the Korean Peninsula. Fifty-two new taxa were included based on the literature. This checklist will help to focus conservation efforts and provide a framework for research, protection, and policy implementation related to these endemic taxa.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.447-460
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• 2023

Fire blight, a plant disease caused by Erwinia amylovora, continues to cause considerable damage to fruit-bearing trees belonging to the Rosaceae family, such as apples and pears. In Korea, to hinder its rapid spread diseased apple and pear trees have been buried since its first occurrence. To determine the safety of this control method, the buried plant materials and adjacent soil have been investigated. In the process of investigating the microbiota of the buried soil, Bisifusarium allantoides, Botryotrichum domesticum, Microascus verrucosus, Paraphoma pye, Phaeosphaeria culmorum, Ramophialophora globispora, Sordaria tomentoalba, and Striaticonidium brachysporum were identified as unrecorded species in Korea. To report the above eight species as Korean unrecorded species, we report their morphological and molecular features in this study.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.842-850
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• 2002

Tissue factor (TF, tissue thromboplastin or coagulation factor III) accelerates the blood clotting, activating both the intrinsic and the extrinsic pathways to serve as a cofactor. In order to isolate TF inhibitors from the fruits of Chaenomeles sinensis, an activity-guided purification utilizing a bio-assay method of prothrombin time prolongation, was carried out to yield five active flavoniods such as hovetrichoside C (1) ($IC_{50}$ = 14.0 $\mu$g), luteolin-7-Ο-$\beta$-D-glucuronide (3) ($IC_{50}$ = 31.9$\mu$g), hyperin (4) ($IC_{50}$ = 20.8 $\mu$g), avicularin (6) ($IC_{50}$ = 54.8 $\mu$g) and quercitrin (10) ($IC_{50}$ = 135.7 $\mu$g), along with other inactive compounds such as ($\pm$)-(2E,4E)-Ο-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-4'-hydroxy-$\beta$-ionylideneacetic acid ester (2), genistein-7-Ο-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (5), luteolin-3'-methoxy-4'-Ο-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (7), luteolin-7-Ο-$\beta$-D-glucuronide methyl ester (8), tricetin-3'-methoxy-4'-Ο-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (selagin-4'-Ο-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside) (9), (-)-epicatechin (11), luteolin-4'-Ο-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (12) and apigenin-7-Ο-$\beta$-D-glucuronide methyl ester (13). The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated through spectral analysis. Among them, compounds 1 to 9, 12 and 13 were isolated for the first time from the fruits of this plant and the compound 9 is a new flavonoid.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.102-109
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• 2008

To compare varietal differences in Rubus coreanus Miq. (Rosaceae), we evaluated antioxidant activity and the contents of functional substances. In this study, five new cultivars selected as superior berries in yield and weight of fruit, R. coreanus (Jungkeuam 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5), and one foreign berry, R. fructicosus were used. The contents of the major anthocyanin, cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) in berries and antioxidant capacity including, free radical scavenging activity and reducing power were measured. The contents of total phenol and vitamin C were also investigated. Among 5 cultivars and one foreign berry, Jungkeuam 1 had the richest C3G and high levels in vitamin C. DPPH radical scavenging activity of berries was ranged from 46.58 up to 78.55%.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.4
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• pp.464-471
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• 2009

Vegetation types of the native conifer forests in the ridge of the Baekdudaegan, South Korea, were classified using the Braun-Blanquet method and TWINSPAN and its ecological characteristics analyzed with special repect to floristic composition. The vegetation type was classified into two types (Pinus densiflora-Carex humilis and Pinus koraiensis-Dryopteris crassirhizoma types) and seven groups. Mean species richness and total plot cover per unit area ($/100m^2$) were $21.9{\pm}8.9$ spp. and $146.9{\pm}32.3$%, respectively. The plant species composed of 82 families, 217 genera, and 387 species and the three major families, Compositae, Liliaceae, and Rosaceae, made up about 25.6% of the total species. The 7.8% of total families were the families with occurrence of only one species. The highest relative importance value was 19.2, the species belonged to Pinaceae and the pattern was different from species richness pattern of other families.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.317-325
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• 2015

Peach (Prunus persica L.) is a model species for stone fruit studies within the Rosaceae family. Auxin plays an important role in the development of peach fruit. To reveal the distribution of auxin in the tissues of peach fruit, immunohistochemical localization of IAA was carried out in the seed, mesocarp, and endocarp in developing peach fruit using an anti-indole-3-acetic acid (anti-IAA) monoclonal antibody. A strong IAA signal was observed throughout the outer and inner integument during peach fruit development, and the distribution was zonal. The IAA signal was mainly focused in mucilage layers in the outer integument. The outer integument may function to produce or store IAA in the seed; a strong IAA signal was detected in the cells around the vascular tissue, whereas a weak IAA signal was located in the vascular tissues. In the mesocarp, the cells around the vascular bundle tissue gave rise to an IAA signal that increased in the late phase of fruit growth, which coincided with a significant increase in fruit growth. The distribution of IAA, however, was changed when fruit was treated with auxin transport inhibitors NPA (1-N-naphthylphthalamic acid) or TIBA (2, 3, 5-triiodobenzoic acid); in mesocarp tissues, an IAA signal was detected mainly in vessels of the treated fruit. During the critical period of endocarp lignification, the vessel lignification process was negatively correlated with IAA signal. The present results confirmed that the distribution of IAA was different in various tissues of peach fruit according to the developmental stage. This research provides cytological data for further study of the regulatory mechanism of auxin in peach fruit.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.44-56
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• 2007

The flora was summarized as 195 taxa; 73 families, 138 genera, 168 species, 23 varieties and 4 forms in Jangsoo-ri windbreak forest and 151 taxa; 63 families, 118 genera, 131 species, 18 varieties and 2 forms in Pyeongsa-ri windbreak forest. Based on the list of the rare plants by the Forest Research Institute, 3 taxa and based on the list of Korean endemic plant 4 taxa were recorded in the studied areas; Puccinellia coreensis (Gramineae), Asarum maculatum (Aristolochiaceae), Prunus yedoensis (Rosaceae), Koelreuteria paniculata (Sapindaceae), Adenophora triphylla var. hirsuta (Campanulaceae). The Specific Plant Species which is categorized by the Ministry of Environment, Korea, was summarized as 23 taxa for the 1 degree of 17 taxa, 3 degree of 5 taxa, 5 degree of 1 taxa in Jangsoo-ri windbreak forest and 22 taxa for the 1 degree of 18 taxa, 3 degree of 3 taxa, 5 degree of 1 taxa in Pyeongsa-ri windbreak forest. From the enlisted the flora surveyed, the naturalized plants were 17 taxa in Jangsoo-ri windbreak forest and 19 taxa in Pyeongsa-ri windbreak forests with the Naturalization rate was 8.7 percent and 12.6 percent, respectively. In Jangsoo-ri windbreak forest, there has been occurred many man-made impair and development without legal institution and control. So, it needs in haste institutional conservation measures and systemic database construction about function and necessity of windbreak forest. In Pyeongsa-ri windbreak forest, recently many people visited here. So, if we make eco-tour place connecting nearby coast and windbreak forest, it will contribute resident's economic profit and opportunity, concerns about windbreak forest, and necessity of conservation measures. Recently, the windbreak forests in Jangsoo-ri and Pyeongsa-ri should be bereaved windbreak forest of function by the human activities.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.231-245
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• 2005

The flora of the studied area in the Jeonju stream was listed as 267taxa; 66families, 184genera, 236species, 28varieties and 3forms. Based on the list of an ecosystem disturbance plants by the Ministry of Environment, 3taxa were recorded in the studied areas: Paspalum digtichum(Gramineae), Solanum carolinense(Solanaceae), Ambrosia artemirizyolia var. elatior(Compositae). Based on the list of Korean endemic plant, 4taxa were recorded: Lilium amahile(Li1iaceae) , Prunus yedoens is(Rosaceae), Forsythia koreana(01 eaceae) , Paulownia coreana (Scrophulariaceae). Naturalized plant species was listed as 68taxa; 18families, 49genera, 66species, 2varieties, and Naturalization Index was 25.Spercent of 1/4 the vascular plants, Urbanization Index was 25. Ipercent analysis.