• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.51-59
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the actual state of and the factors in relation to drinking and smoking of elementary school. The subject for this study consisted of 604 students of six elementary schools located in Pusan. The data were collected by using a anonymous questionnaire during the period from Nov. 1, 1998 to Nov. 15, 1998. The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1. The rate of drinking of the whole respondents was 20.7% (male 25.4%, female 15.6%), the rate of smoking was 8.1%(male 11.7%, female 4.2%). The user of drink and cigarets together showed 5.6%. 2. The school year of the first drinking and smoking was most at the 5th grade in elementary school(drinking 24.8%, smoking 20.4%). The motivation of beginning drinking and smoking was curiosity for the most part(32.0%, 61.2%). As to a way to get drink and cigarets, using a thing in the house' was most(82.2%). As to a used place, their own home or their friends' home showed 32.2% for the most part. Companion was mostly alone(84.0%). 3. Those who had experience of drinking and smoking took more positive attitude toward drinker and smoker, were more hospitable to exhortation to drinking and smoking, and were more positive about the late intention of drinking and smoking, but his desire for health education was lower than not. And he showed overlooking or keeping step with his friend's drinking and smoking. 4. In the results so far investigated difference of drinking and smoking according to a general tendency of respondents. The experience of drinking was related to sex distinction (P=0.003) and the marital status of parents (P=0.001). And the experience of smoking had relation to sex distinction(P=0.001), the marital status of parents(P=0.001), the parent's attitude of bring up(P=0.020) and making use of leisure (P=0.029)(P<.05).

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2018

Purpose: This is a descriptive study to investigate the relevance between biological nursing science subjects (structure and function of the human body (SFHB), mechanism and effects of drugs (MED), clinical microbiology) and examination workbook items for Registered Nurse Licensure Examination (RNLE) in Republic of Korea (ROK) and the United States of America (USA). Methods: RNLE 8 workbooks which were published by the Korean Nurses Association were utilized for analysis of Korean RNLE. Saunders comprehensive review for the $NCLEX-RN^{(R)}$ examination was used for analysis of US RNLE. The relevance between items in the standard syllabuses of biological nursing science subjects (SFHB, MED, clinical microbiology) and the RNLE items of these workbooks in ROK and the USA was analyzed. Results: The relevance rates of ROK and the USA were 3.6% vs 0.4% in SFHB, 8.9% vs 23.0% in MED, and 4.5% vs 5.8% in clinical microbiology. Conclusion: In SFHB, the relevance of the RNLE in ROK was higher than that of the USA. However in MED the relevance of the RNLE in USA was higher than that of the ROK. Since medications are one of major tasks of nurses, it is necessary to increase the number of related items in the RNLE in ROK.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.135-138
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 구연산 수용액 전해질을 제조하여 전기도금 방식에 의해 III-V족 화합물 반도체 InSb를 전기화학적으로 합성하였다. 본 연구에서 제조된 InSb는 기존문헌에서 보고된 바와 달리 EPMA분석결과 In과 Sb의 조성비가 52:48로 화학양론을 정확하게 만족시키고 있고, XPS분석결과 전해질내의 구연산의 농도가 1.2M, pH가 4일 때 444.1 eV에서 InSb 화합물의 피크를 관찰하였으며 구연산의 농도가 1.2M보다 낮거나 pH가 4보다 낮을 때는 InSb화합물과 금속상태의 In이 혼재되어 있는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 XRD를 통하여 InSb(111)의 우선결정방위를 갖는다는 것을 확인하였고, I-V 특성 곡선 측정을 통해 rnSb가 고유한 반도체 특성을 보임을 확인하였다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.102-111
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among serum leptin, nutritional status, and the obesity indices of 55 obese children in Daegu and Kyungpook area. Obesity was defined as fat percentage that exceed 25% of body fat mass. Energy and nutritional status were tended to be low, and dietary intake of calcium and iron were less than any other nutrients in all the subjects. Especially, beverage intake of obese group was more than non-obese group. The leptin level were significantly correlated with %RDA of energy (0.41, p < 0.001), protein (0.44, p < 0.001), phosphate (0.40, p < 0.001), iron (0.37, p < 0.001), vitamin A (0.31, p < 0.01), thiamin (0.40, p < 0.001), riboflavin (0.26, p < 0.05), niacin (0.51, p < 0.001), and vitamin C (0.24, p < 0.05). The leptin level were significantly correlated with MAR (mean adequacy ratio, r : 0.43, p <0.001) and INQ (index of nutrient quality) of thiamin (r : 0.22, p <0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that %RDA of niacin in obese group ($R^2$: 0.208, p : 0.001) and total subjects ($R^2$ : 0.257, p : 0.000), MAR (p : 0.003) and INQ (p : 0.048) of niacin in obese group ($R^2$ : 0.255) and MAR (p : 0.000) and rNQ ofca (p : 0.024) in total subjects ($R^2$ : 0.231) may be important independent predictors to leptin level. MAR showed a significantly positive correlation with %fat (r = 0.42, p < 0.01), BMI (r = 0.46, p < 0.01), RW (r : 0.44, p < 0.01), WHR (r : 0.39, p < 0.01) and, "ieRnA (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). These data indicated relationships among leptin level, nutrient intake, %RDA, MAh, and INQ in children.dren.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.59-69
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• 1995

분진 중에 함유된 Zn, Pb, Fe 등의 유가 금속을 회수하기 위해 폐타이어를 건류하여 만든 건류탄소를 환원제로 이용하여 재활용하고자 하였으며 또한 분진을 Pelletizing 하거나 Briquetting해서 환원 처리할 때, 공해 발생과 작업상의 단점을 보완하기 위하여 제지공장에서 발생하는 폐펄프와 분진 및 건류탄소를 소정의 비율로 혼합한 후 성형한 다음 통기도 및 압축강도실험 등을 한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 동일한 건류탄소 첨가량에서 결합제로 사용한 폐펄프의 첨가량이 증가할수록 통기도는 증가하며 이는 시편내 Porosiaty에 기인한 영향이라 생각되며, 동일 첨가량의 폐펄프에서 건류탄소의 첨가량이 증가할수록 통기도는 증가하는 경향을 보이며 압축강도는 건류탄소의 비율과 소결온도에 따라 증가 감소의 현상이 다소 상반되는 결과가 나타났다. 건류탄소 20%, 폐펄프 10%를 첨가하여 만든 Briguetting 시료를 X-선 회절분석 결과 $800^{\circ}C$에서는 ZnO와 $Fe_3$$O_4$가 조사되었으나 $1000^{\circ}C$ 이상에서는 ZnO와 $Fe_3$$O_4$를 확인할 수 없었다. $1000^{\circ}C$에서 소결실험을 한 결과 아연, 철산화물이 분해 증발하여 아연품위가 62%인 조산화아연물을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.875-878
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 실내 환경에서 전파의 특성을 고려한 수신신호 세기 기반의 협력 위치추정 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 기존의 수신신호세기 기반의 위치추정 기법은 장애물 등 전파환경에 따라 신호세기의 불안정한 요인으로 인해 낮은 위치추정 신뢰성을 보였다. 이러한 불안정한 전파환경을 극복하기 위해 본 논문에서는 광선발사법을 통해 사전에 실험한 전파특성 요인을 실내 환경의 협력 위치추정 알고리즘에 반영하였다. 또한 제안하는 협력 위치추정 알고리즘의 성능평가를 위해 가로, 세로 $13.65m{\times}8.7m$의 실내에서 고정위치를 알고 있는 4개의 Zigbee 노드와 위치를 알지 못하는 미지의 Zigbee 노드 5개를 배치하여 실험하였다. 실험결과, 전파특성 요인이 고려되었을 경우, 기존의 수신신호세기 기반 위치추정 방식에 비해 본 논문에서 제안하는 협력위치추정 방식이 보다 효율적인 위치추정이 가능함을 확인하였다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.14-20
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• 1996

알루미늄 드로스의 처리는 드로스의 특성과 처리후 발생될 폐드로스의 용도를 고려해서 처리하여야 한다. 이 연구에서는 선정된 시료의 성분과 처리 과정중의 성분변화 등을 조사하였으며, 분급과 같은 예비처리를 하여 드로스 입자가 큰 것은 재용해를 통해서 Al 금속을 바로 회수하고, 입자가 작은 것은 배소, 침출과 같은 예비처리를 해서 드로스 중의 염과 금속성분을 분리, 제거시킴으로써 폐기해야 할 드로스의 양을 줄였다. 드로스를 분급하여 바로 재용해하기 위한 입도의 분급 기준은 $300\mu \;extrm{m}$가 적당하였다. 또, 폐드로스의 재활용을 용이하게 하기 위하여 black 드로스를 처리후 발생된 폐드로스를 배소한 결과 폐드로스에 함유된 대부분의 금속 알루미늄을 알루미나로 산화시킬 수 있었다. 이것으로 보아 폐드로스는 배소하여 함유된 성분들을 산화물 상태로 변화시켜서 알루미나시멘트, 타일과 같은 요업재료나 알루미나 제조원료로 재활용하는 것이 바람직하다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.213-217
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• 1997

200MHz 응향광변조기 (AOM: Acousto-Optic Modulator)는 제 2고조파(SHG: Second Harmonic Generation)녹색 레이저와 함께 DVDR(Digital Video Disk Recorder)에 적용되어 고밀도 광기록용으로 사용되었다. 이러한 고밀도 광기록 장치로써 사용되기 위해서는 고출력 레이저의 사용이 필수적이며, 레이저 빔이 통과하는 각 광학 소자들의 코팅막은 고출력 레이저 빔에 대해 높은 레이저 damage threshold를 가져야 한다. AOM의 음향공학재료로 사용되는 $TeO_{2}$단결정에 코팅막의 종류 및 증착조건을 변화시키며 E-beam 증착법으로 A/R코팅 시편을 준비하였다. 0.55W의 입력 power를 갖는Ar레이저를 사용하여 코팅의 광손상 정도를 확인하였다. $AI_{2}O_{3}$막에 비해 $ZrO_{2}$와 $SiO_{2}$막을 사용한 경우 레이저 damage threshold는 크게 향상되었다. 또한 AOM모듈을 제작 후 구동회로와 연결하여 약 20mW의 SHG power를 입력시키며 출력 power long term안정성을 측정하였다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제84권1호
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• pp.55-66
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• 2021

Background: Particulate matter 10 (PM₁₀; airborne particles <10 ㎛) inhalation has been demonstrated to induce airway and lung diseases. In this study, we investigate the effects of PM₁₀ inhalation on RNA expression in lung tissues using a murine model. Methods: Female BALB/c mice were affected with PM₁₀, ovalbumin (OVA), or both OVA and PM₁₀. PM₁₀ was administered intranasally while OVA was both intraperitoneally injected and intranasally administered. Treatments occurred 4 times over a 2-week period. Two days after the final challenges, mice were sacrificed. Full RNA sequencing using lung homogenates was conducted. Results: While PM₁₀ did not induce cell proliferation in bronchoalveolar fluid or lead to airway hyper-responsiveness, it did cause airway inflammation and lung fibrosis. Levels of interleukin 1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and transforming growth factor-β in lung homogenates were significantly elevated in the PM₁₀-treated group, compared to the control group. The PM₁₀ group also showed increased RNA expression of Rn45a, Snord22, Atp6v0c-ps2, Snora28, Snord15b, Snora70, and Mmp12. Generally, genes associated with RNA splicing, DNA repair, the inflammatory response, the immune response, cell death, and apoptotic processes were highly expressed in the PM₁₀-treated group. The OVA/PM₁₀ treatment did not produce greater effects than OVA alone. However, the OVA/PM₁₀-treated group did show increased RNA expression of Clca1, Snord22, Retnla, Prg2, Tff2, Atp6v0c-ps2, and Fcgbp when compared to the control groups. These genes are associated with RNA splicing, DNA repair, the inflammatory response, and the immune response. Conclusion: Inhalation of PM₁₀ extensively altered RNA expression while also inducing cellular inflammation, fibrosis, and increased inflammatory cytokines in this murine mouse model.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.365-372
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• 2022

The accurate object recognition is important for the precise and accurate manipulation. To enhance the recognition performance, we can use various types of sensors. In general, acquired data from sensors have a high sampling rate. So, in the past, the RNN-based model is commonly used to handle and analyze the time-series sensor data. However, the RNN-based model has limitations of excessive parameters. CNN-based model also can be used to analyze time-series input data. However, CNN-based model also has limitations of the small receptive field in early layers. For this reason, when we use a CNN-based model, model architecture should be deeper and heavier to extract useful global features. Thus, traditional methods like RN N -based and CN N -based model needs huge amount of learning parameters. Recently studied result shows that Fast Fourier Convolution (FFC) can overcome the limitations of traditional methods. This operator can extract global features from the first hidden layer, so it can be effectively used for feature extracting of sensor data that have a high sampling rate. In this paper, we propose the algorithm to recognize objects using tactile sensor data and the FFC model. The data was acquired from 11 types of objects to verify our posed model. We collected pressure, current, position data when the gripper grasps the objects by random force. As a result, the accuracy is enhanced from 84.66% to 91.43% when we use the proposed FFC-based model instead of the traditional model.